Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Vujović Author-Workplace-Name: Fruit Research Institute, Čačak, Serbia Author-Name: Dj. Ružić Author-Workplace-Name: Fruit Research Institute, Čačak, Serbia Author-Name: R. Cerović Author-Workplace-Name: Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, Belgrade, Serbia Title: In vitro shoot multiplication as influenced by repeated subculturing of shoots of contemporary fruit rootstocks Abstract: In vitro shoots of vegetative rootstocks for cherry (Gisela 5 and Gisela 6), plum (Fereley Jaspi) and pear (Pyrodwarf) were repeatedly subcultured for 10 subcultures on Murashige and Skoog medium of unchanged hormonal composition. Shoot formation capacity decreased over repeated subculturing in all genotypes. The first significant decrease in multiplication index was observed after first subculture in Gisela 6 and Fereley Jaspi, while in Gisela 5 the decline occurred after second subculture, and remained at that level. As for Gisela 6 and Fereley Jaspi, multiplication index was mainly stable from second to forth subculture, whereupon the second decline in shoot formation was observed. Although Pyrodwarf showed very low multiplication capacity, shoot multiplication slightly increased over the first three subcultures and then declined. This irreversible decline could be due to residual effects of hormones. However, no visible morphological variations or aberrations of shoots were found in successive subcultures in any genotype. Quality of shoots in terms of shoot length varied during subculturing, but the highest quality was observed in later subcultures (from fifth subculture onwards). After subculturing, several media were evaluated for induction of rhizogenesis in order to achieve high rooting rates in tested rootstocks. The highest rooting ability (100%) among genotypes was observed in Fereley Jaspi, followed by Pyrodwarf and Gisela 6 (the best rooting percentage being 90% in both) and Gisela 5 (70%). Rooted shoots were successfully acclimatized under the mist system in greenhouse. Keywords: cherry, plum, pear, micropropagation, rooting Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 101-107 Volume: 39 Issue: 3 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/208/2011-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/208/2011-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201203-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:39:y:2012:i:3:id:208-2011-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Blažek Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology (RBIP), Holovousy, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Pištěková Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology (RBIP), Holovousy, Czech Republic Title: Final evaluation of nine plum cultivars grafted onto two rootstocks in a trial established in 1998 at Holovousy Abstract: Nine plum cultivars newly introduced into production were evaluated in a replicated trial established in 1998 on two rootstocks planted in a spacing of 5 × 1.5 m. Trees were trained as spindles and evaluated regarding vigour, canopy performance, level and stability of yields, yield efficiency, fruit size, time of flowering and harvest season until 2010. Significant differences among cultivars were found but the most interesting were related to tree vigour, yield efficiency and fruit size. Dwarfing influence of Wangenheim seedling was negligible in Empress and Čačanska lepotica but mostly visible in Sanctus Hubertus. Wegierka Dabrowicka on both the rootstocks had the highest yield efficiency, exceeding 3 kg/m3 of trunk cross-section area. Yield efficiency of trees grafted on Wangenheim was generally higher than those grafted on Myrobalan but the greatest difference was evidenced on Domestic Prune (more than 25%). Suggestions in terms of trees-spacing are definitively proposed upon results of this study. Keywords: tree characteristics, harvest time, tree vigour, yields, yield efficiency, fruit size Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 108-115 Volume: 39 Issue: 3 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/150/2011-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/150/2011-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201203-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:39:y:2012:i:3:id:150-2011-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sz. Sződi Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Author-Name: H. Komjáti Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Author-Name: Gy. Turóczi Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary Title: Characterization of M. laxa and M. fructigena isolates from Hungary with MP-PCR Abstract: Monilinia laxa (Monilia laxa), Monilinia fructicola (Monilia fructicola) and Monilinia fructigena (Monilia fructigena) are the causal agents of brown rot on pome and stone fruits in Hungary. Forty-five isolates collected from different hosts, different years in several orchards were used for characterization of the M. laxa and M. fructigena population in Hungary. The isolates were identified on species level based on morphological and molecular biological methods; out of these 24 were M. laxa, 20 were M. fructigena and 1 was M. fructicola. Populations of the three Monilinia species were studied with microsatellite primers and the degree of genetic diversity within the species was measured. The population structure analysis revealed that genetic diversity within M. laxa subpopulations was HS= 0.1599, while within M. fructigena subpopulations was HS= 0.2551. The total genetic diversity was HT= 0.3846, while genetic diversity between M. laxa and M. fructigena subpopulations was DST= 0.1771. No clustering relationship was observed among isolates by the different years or hosts. Keywords: brown rot, intraspecific diversity, microsatellite primers Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 116-122 Volume: 39 Issue: 3 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/216/2011-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/216/2011-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201203-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:39:y:2012:i:3:id:216-2011-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: O. Rop Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Zlín, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Řezníček Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Plants, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Mlček Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Zlín, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Juríková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Natural and Informatics Sciences, Faculty of Central European Studies, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic Author-Name: J. Sochor Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Kizek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Humpolíček Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Health Care Studies, Faculty of Humanities, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Zlín, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Balík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Post-Harvest Technology of Horticultural Products, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic Title: Nutritional values of new Czech cultivars of Saskatoon berries (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) Abstract: The Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) belongs to less known cultivated pomaceous fruit. Over the last two decades new cultivars have been bred in the Czech Republic. In our work the fruit of those new cultivars were analysed as far as basic nutritional characteristics were concerned. Moreover, the content of phenolic substances, antioxidant capacity and flavonoid content were determined. For comparison, the fruit of selected North American cultivars grown in the conditions of Central Europe were analysed. Besides North American cultivars also the Tisnovsky cultivar seems to be promising since both the highest content of phenolic substances (3.80 g of gallic acid equivalent/kg of fresh mass) and the highest antioxidant capacity (5.05 g of ascorbic acid equivalent - measured by the ABTS test) were recorded. In Central European cultivars there were high contents not only of pectins, but also of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sodium and manganese as far as mineral elements were concerned. Keywords: Amelanchier sp., phenolics, antioxidant capacity, flavonoids, pectins, mineral elements Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 123-128 Volume: 39 Issue: 3 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/194/2011-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/194/2011-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201203-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:39:y:2012:i:3:id:194-2011-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Weiguo Fu Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education & Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China Author-Name: Pingping Li Author-Workplace-Name: Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China Author-Name: Yanyou Wu Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education & Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China Author-Name: Juanjuan Tang Author-Workplace-Name: Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education & Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China Title: Effects of different light intensities on anti-oxidative enzyme activity, quality and biomass in lettuce Abstract: Recently, the worldwide demand for romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) has been increasing. Thus, regulation measures of supplementary or shading light are often used in the production of lettuce in some regions. However, inconsistent results on the light saturation point of lettuce from previous studies do not facilitate the regulation of light intensity. In the present study, the effects of different light intensities on anti-oxidative enzyme activity, yield and quality of lettuce were investigated. The results reveal the following: (1) judged by the dynamics of anti-oxidative enzyme activity, there was no light stress to occurr in the 100, 200 and 400 μmol/m2s treatments, a mild light stress occurred in the 600 μmol/m2s treatment, and a serious light stress occurred in the 800 μmol/m2s treatment; (2) increased light intensity gradually reduced the contents of soluble protein and nitrate in lettuce, whereas the content of soluble sugar remarkably increased. The biomass of a single plant of lettuce in the 600 µmol/m2streatment was the highest and second highest in the 400 µmol/m2streatment but was the lowest in the 100 µmol/m2s treatment. No significant difference in the biomass of single plant was observed between the 400 and 600 µmol/m2s treatments. Based on these results, the range of 400 µmol/m2s to 600 µmol/m2s is a recommendablelight intensity for lettuce production. Keywords: environmental stress, superoxide radicals, yield, vegetable Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 129-134 Volume: 39 Issue: 3 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/192/2011-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/192/2011-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201203-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:39:y:2012:i:3:id:192-2011-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Karkanis Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece Author-Name: D. Bilalis Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece Author-Name: A. Efthimiadou Author-Workplace-Name: Open University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus Author-Name: N. Katsenios Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece Title: Effects of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) and powdery mildew [Leveillula taurica (Lev.) Arn.] on pepper growth and yield - Short communication Abstract: Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of field bindweed and powdery mildew on growth and yield of a pepper crop. This study also evaluated the efficacy of fungicide application programs for controlling powdery mildew. Field bindweed influenced growth and yield of pepper. The greatest dry weight and yield of pepper were recorded with weed-free control treatment. Moreover, powdery mildew was severe. The fungicide application programs positively influenced growth and yield of pepper. The control plots had the lowest yield of pepper. The first symptoms of powdery mildew on pepper plants developed 20-25 days after powdery mildew diagnosis on field bindweed. Two azoxystrobin applications, at 10 and 25 days after infection of field bindweed by powdery mildew, restricted the disease progress. Our results indicate that field bindweed is highly susceptible to powdery mildew infection and could be used as an indicator species of L. taurica presence in pepper plants. Keywords: competition, disease, indicator, pepper with photosynthesis, mildew with strobilurin fungicides, weed Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 135-138 Volume: 39 Issue: 3 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/213/2011-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/213/2011-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201203-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:39:y:2012:i:3:id:213-2011-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Svoboda Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Svobodová-Leišová Author-Workplace-Name: Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Occurrence of viruses on pepper plantations in the Czech Republic - Short communication Abstract: A survey of viruses on capsicum plants in the Czech Republic was carried out in the years 2006-2010. Altogether, 375 leaf samples with symptoms suggesting viral infection were collected both from open fields and greenhouses. These samples were examined for the presence of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Broad bean wilt virus-1 (BBWV-1), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), Potato virus Y (PVY), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) by ELISA. Viruses detected in the samples were AMV, BBWV-1, CMV and PVY. The most prevalent were CMV and PVY which were present in 24 and 29% of tested samples, respectively. In some cases a complex infection of two viruses was detected. Gene sources of resistance against CMV and PVY are mentioned. The relation of virus occurrence on aphid incidence is discussed. Keywords: alfamovirus, fabavirus, cucumovirus, potyvirus, Myzus persicae Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 139-143 Volume: 39 Issue: 3 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/69/2011-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/69/2011-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201203-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:39:y:2012:i:3:id:69-2011-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Grimová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Ryšánek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Apricot latent virus - Review Abstract: Apricot latent virus (ApLV) is a definitive species of the Foveavirus genus, the Betaflexiviridae family. Although the virus is not highly prevalent, it was identified in several European and Mediterranean countries thus far. Biological experiments demonstrated that, in addition to the only known natural host, Prunus armeniaca, ApLV can be experimentally graft-transmitted to several Prunus species. Therefore, the eradication of the viral pathogen largely depends on the use of virus-free propagating materials and rootstocks, which should be seriously considered when designing and implementing stone fruit certification schemes. Although ApLV is not present on the list of viruses and other pathogens that require testing in the EPPO certification schemes for the production of healthy stone fruit trees for planting, Peach asteroid spot disease (PAS) causing agent whose occurrence was often justly correlated with ApLV, is included on the list. This review summarises the current available knowledge of ApLV on the biological, morphological, physicochemical and molecular levels and includes the contemporary management approaches. Keywords: ApLV, Foveavirus, Betaflexiviridae, stone fruit Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 144-148 Volume: 39 Issue: 3 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/260/2011-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/260/2011-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201203-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:39:y:2012:i:3:id:260-2011-HORTSCI