Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Szalay Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pomology, Faculty of Horticultural Science, Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary Author-Name: M. Ordidge Author-Workplace-Name: School of Biology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom Author-Name: G. Ficzek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pomology, Faculty of Horticultural Science, Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary Author-Name: P. Hadley Author-Workplace-Name: School of Biology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom Author-Name: M. Tóth Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pomology, Faculty of Horticultural Science, Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary Author-Name: N.H. Battey Author-Workplace-Name: School of Biology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom Title: Grouping of 24 apple cultivars on the basis of starch degradation rate and their fruit pattern Abstract: The ripening processes of 24 apple cultivars were examined in the United Kingdom NationalFruit Collection in 2010. Basically the starch content, and additionally ground colour, water-soluble solids content and flesh firmness were studied during ripening. The degradation of the starch content was evaluated using a 0-10 scale. A starch degradation value of 50% was taken to be the optimum harvest date, with harvest beginning at a value of 40% and finishing at 60%. Depending on the cultivar, this represented a harvest window of 9 to 21 days. Later ripening cultivars matured more slowly, leading to a longer harvesting period, with the exception of cv. Feuillemorte. Pronounced differences were observed among the cultivars on the basis of the starch degradation pattern, allowing them to be divided into four groups. Separate charts were elaborated for each group that are recommended for use in practice. Keywords: Malus × domestica, optimum harvest date, harvest window, starch content Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 93-101 Volume: 40 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/143/2012-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/143/2012-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201303-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:40:y:2013:i:3:id:143-2012-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. GOLIÁŠ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Post-Harvest Technology of Horticultural Products, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. LÉTAL Author-Workplace-Name: Advanced Drug Development Services, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. DOKOUPIL Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Plants, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic Author-Name: B. KRŠKA Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fruit Growing and Propagation, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic Title: Physico-chemical changes and volatile constituents observed in 10 apricot cultivars during post-harvest ripening Abstract: Physico-chemical changes included a significant decrease in firmness during post-harvest ripening, whereas the levels of total soluble solids were found to be very similar. Ethylene as a parameter of ripening contributed to the resolution of cultivars in the over-ripe phase. On the other hand, fruit softening was not a useful parameter for distinguishing cultivars. 59 of volatiles were determined by the static headspace SPME gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and included 18 alcohols, 12 aldehydes, 10 esters, 11 terpenes, 5 lactones and 3 miscellaneous. Actually, the production of alcohols at ripe stage had almost been completed, since at the over-ripe stage they increased only slightly. Terpene levels were highest for the medium-late cultivars (Orangered, Velkopavlovická, Pinco, Silvercot and Leskora); they were predominantly limonene, α-terpineol and β-Ionone. The decrease in the concentration of terpenes in over-ripe fruit was statistically significant. There are six compounds (2-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-methylbutanal, n-hexylbutanoate, 3-methyl-3-methylbutyric acid, γ-caprolactone and γ-octalactone) which taken together can be used to distinguish the two different stages of maturity, ripe and over-ripe. The most abundant of these are γ-caprolactone and γ-octalactone, followed by 2-methylbutan-1-ol. If the volatiles from the cultivars used in this investigation are compared using cv. Bergeron as a standard, then only 10 are required to separate each variety at the over-ripe phase. Principal component analysis clearly separated the cvs Velkopavlovická and Bergeron from all the others, which probably reflects major differences in the production of volatiles and ethylene. Keywords: volatile compounds, ethylene, respiration rate, firmness, HP-SPME-GC-MS Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 102-110 Volume: 40 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/72/2012-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/72/2012-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201303-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:40:y:2013:i:3:id:72-2012-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S.M. Paunović Author-Workplace-Name: Fruit Research Institute, Čačak, Serbia Author-Name: R. Miletić Author-Workplace-Name: Fruit Research Institute, Čačak, Serbia Author-Name: D. Janković Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pomology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Pristina, Lešak, Serbia Author-Name: S. Janković Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pomology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Pristina, Lešak, Serbia Author-Name: M. Mitrović Author-Workplace-Name: College of Professional Studies in Agriculture, Šabac, Serbia Title: Effect of Humisol on survival and growth of nursery grafted walnut (Juglans regia L.) plants Abstract: The effect of Humisol organic fertiliser (150 g humic acid/l + 20 g/l mineral nutrients) on plant survival and growth of five walnut cultivars grown over a period of two years in the nursery were evaluated. Walnut plants treated with Humisol at the total annual rate of 0.75 ml/plant had a significantly higher survival rate in the first year, greater height and diameter in both years, and a higher percentage of first-class plants at the end of the second year, as compared to untreated control plants. Soil application of Humisol led to better performance of nursery grafted plants, compared to foliar application. Nursery plants receiving 1.5 ml Humisol per year through both soil and foliar application exhibited the best performance in the parameters analysed. In the first year, a decrease in plant growth rate in all treatments was observed in August and September; in the second year, growth rate started to significantly decline in the second half of August. Keywords: humic acid, fertilisation, soil application, foliar application Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 111-118 Volume: 40 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/78/2013-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/78/2013-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201303-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:40:y:2013:i:3:id:78-2013-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. Ouzounidou Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Food Technology, Hellenic Agricultural Organization "Demeter", Lycovrissi Attikis, Greece Author-Name: C. Paschalidis Author-Workplace-Name: Technological Educational Institute of Kalamata, School of Agricultural Technology, Kalamata, Greece Author-Name: D. Petropoulos Author-Workplace-Name: Technological Educational Institute of Kalamata, School of Agricultural Technology, Kalamata, Greece Author-Name: A. Koriki Author-Workplace-Name: Technological Educational Institute of Kalamata, School of Agricultural Technology, Kalamata, Greece Author-Name: P. Zamanidis Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Vine, Hellenic Agricultural Organization "Demeter", Lycovrissi Attikis, Greece Author-Name: A. Petridis Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece Title: Interaction of soil moisture and excess of boron and nitrogen on lettuce growth and quality Abstract: A study of the effects of boron (10 mg/kg as H3BO3) and nitrogen (0-0.15-0.30-0.45-0.60 g/kg) fertilization in combination with soil water capacity (40% and 70%) on lettuce growth and nutritional value was performed. The effects of the simultaneous application of N and B depend on the soil moisture, since lower water in the soil reduced lettuce growth and quality. Linear correlation was found between N fertilization and lettuce yield and quality at the two water soil capacities. Only when N fertilization exceeded 0.45 g/kg the fresh and dry biomass, photosynthesis, sugars and ascorbic acid showed negative influence as compared to the control. The toxic effects of B in lettuce cultivation were alleviated by the presence of high N doses, since a competition between N and B ions was revealed. Overall, the management of irrigation and N fertilization is very important in soils with boron toxicity. Keywords: ascorbic acid, boron toxicity, nitrogen fertilization, soil water capacity, sugars Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 119-125 Volume: 40 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/15/2013-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/15/2013-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201303-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:40:y:2013:i:3:id:15-2013-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Janowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ornamental Plants, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland Author-Name: R. Andrzejak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Phytopathology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland Author-Name: T. Kosiada Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Phytopathology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland Author-Name: T. Trelka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland Author-Name: B. Frąszczak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Vegetable Crop, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland Title: Effect of mycorrhization on the flowering of the Zantedeschia albomaculata /Hook./ Baill. cv. Albomaculata Abstract: The study involved the application of a top dressing of a multicomponent Peters Professional fertiliser at concentration of 100 and 200 mg/l in the amount of 100 ml/plant, once every 7 days regardless of the fact whether the rhizomes had been mycorrhized before or not. Mycorrhization caused an increase in the quality of flowers, as expressed by peduncle length and their yield in Zantedeschia albomaculata cv. Albomaculata at both levels of top dressing, which shows that it is possible to reduce the top dressing dosage to a concentration of 100 mg/l. Mycorrhization had a favourable effect on the accumulation of nitrogen and manganese in the leaves of the calla lily. In mycorrhized plants the mean nitrogen content in 12 leaves ranged between 5.35 and 5.55% d.w. Mycorrhized plants accumulated more manganese in19 their leaves irrespective of the level of top dressing. Keywords: ornamental plants, yield, quality, micro- and macroelements, Peters Professional fertilizer, endomycorrhizal fungi Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 126-130 Volume: 40 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/6/2013-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/6/2013-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201303-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:40:y:2013:i:3:id:6-2013-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Urbánek Author-Workplace-Name: Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Průhonice, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Benetka Author-Workplace-Name: Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Průhonice, Czech Republic Title: Importance of population size for offspring fitness at conservation of the gene pool of cultivars Abstract: Effective population size for conservation of cultivated plants was studied in Coreopsis grandiflora on populations in variants of 1, 5, 10, 30, 50 and 100 individuals. In five consecutive years these traits were studied on seeds originating from parental populations: seed number and weight per infructescence, thousand seed weight and germination. Plant height and flower size were investigated in a field trial. The influence of population size was expressed mainly in traits of early life-history stages. Inbreeding depression influenced germination already in the first year and was similar for the five years while seed weight was influenced from the second year. In the fifth year there were significant differences among variants of 30 individuals and less and variant of 50 individuals in all evaluated traits. The results document that mostly cross-pollinated cultivars of a population smaller than 50 individuals are exposed to impairment. The population of 10 individuals and less is at risk of extinction. This result will be influenced by the level of cross-pollination and degree of selection. Keywords: inbreeding depression, cross-pollinated cultivars, Coreopsis grandiflora Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 131-137 Volume: 40 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/179/2012-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/179/2012-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201303-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:40:y:2013:i:3:id:179-2012-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Moreno-Sanz Author-Workplace-Name: Regional Service for Agri-food Research and Development (SERIDA), Villaviciosa, Spain Author-Name: G. Lucchetta Author-Workplace-Name: Experimental Institute for Viticulture of Conegliano, Conegliano, Italy Author-Name: A. Zanzotto Author-Workplace-Name: Regional Service for Agri-food Research and Development (SERIDA), Villaviciosa, Spain Author-Name: M.D. Loureiro Author-Workplace-Name: Regional Service for Agri-food Research and Development (SERIDA), Villaviciosa, Spain Author-Name: B. Suarez Author-Workplace-Name: Regional Service for Agri-food Research and Development (SERIDA), Villaviciosa, Spain Author-Name: E. Angelini Author-Workplace-Name: Experimental Institute for Viticulture of Conegliano, Conegliano, Italy Title: Fungi associated to grapevine trunk diseases in young plants in Asturias (Northern Spain) Abstract: Dark discolorations of the vascular vessels of 3-year-old potted plants of Asturian grapevine cultivar (Northern Spain), were observed during pruning. These symptoms can be associated to fungal trunk diseases that, in the last decades, are affecting young vineyards all over the world. Cross sections from root, trunk and canes of 19 young grapevine plants were analyzed for the presence of pathogenic fungi associated with these diseases. Non-pathogenic fungi were isolated from both asymptomatic and symptomatic samples, showing that dark discolorations, in some cases, were a consequence of abiotic causes. Regarding pathogenic fungi, Cylindrocarpon spp. colonies were the most frequent, isolated mainly from roots and from asymptomatic tissue. Botryosphaeria spp. colonies were mostly isolated from trunk and from sections with dark discolorations generated by pruning. Phaeoacremonium spp. was isolated from all the organs (roots, trunk and canes). Only one colony of Libertella spp. was isolated. These results suggest the need of a standard protocol, combining treatments and management activities, to be performed in nurseries to limit the spread of these diseases. Keywords: grapevine decays, young vines, fungal pathogens, Vitis vinifera L Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 138-144 Volume: 40 Issue: 3 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/9/2013-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/9/2013-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201303-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:40:y:2013:i:3:id:9-2013-HORTSCI