Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Lace Author-Workplace-Name: Latvia State Institute of Fruit-Growing, Dobele, Latvia Author-Name: G. Lacis Author-Workplace-Name: Latvia State Institute of Fruit-Growing, Dobele, Latvia Title: Evaluation of pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars in Latvia Abstract: Pears (Pyrus communis L.) are an important commercial crop in Latvia, ranked as a second most important fruit tree crop. The aim of this study was the choice of suitable new pear cultivars for growing in Latvia. The evaluation was carried out at the Latvia State Institute of Fruit-Growing. Eighteen cultivars were evaluated over six years. Flowering intensity, harvest date, average fruit weight, taste and chemical composition (total soluble solids, flesh firmness, titratable acidity (TA)) and resistance to diseases and pests were recorded. Flowering intensity showed significant differences among years: the highest was in 2009 and 2011, the lowest in 2007, but not among cultivars. The highest fruit weight (292 g) was detected for cv. Tavricheskaya, the high and stable fruit size for cv. Elektra. The best fruit qualities were produced by cvs Concorde, Condo and Conference. Stable and high content of soluble solids, high TA and fruit firmness were found in fruit of cv. Lyubimitsa Osennyaya. There were no cultivars resistant to European pear rust; the lowest susceptibility was detected for cv. Noyabrskaya (synonym Xenia), whereas cv. Talgarskaya Krasavitsa was resistant to sooty mould (caused by Leptoxyphium fumago) and cv. Smuglyanka - to pear leaf blister mite (Eriophyes pyri). Keywords: phenology, flowering, fruit quality, disease resistance, pests, harvest Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 107-113 Volume: 42 Issue: 3 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/39/2014-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/39/2014-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201503-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:42:y:2015:i:3:id:39-2014-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C. Di Vaio Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy Author-Name: C. Villano Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy Author-Name: N. Marallo Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy Title: Molecular analysis of native cultivars of sweet cherry in Southern Italy Abstract: Campania region has a long tradition of autochthonous cultivated sweet cherries, which constitute a very rich germplasm resource. This biodiversity is highly valued for flavour, aroma and pulp texture. The interested cultivars are well known and sold in regional and local markets, but rarely outside. Genetic studies and phenotypic classifications are useful tools to increase our knowledge of such cherry cultivars and to disseminate their particular characteristics outside the region. The aim of the present study was the molecular characterization of ten autochthonous cultivars of Prunus avium using 30 RAPD markers. Among all, U17 was useful for fingerprinting eight out of ten cultivars. On cvs Del Monte, Della Recca, Pagliaccio, Montenero, Nera Dura, Mulegnana Nera, Passaguai and Malizia, unique molecular profiles were obtained. Furthermore, it was possible to distinguish between two most important cultivars on the Campanian market (cvs Del Monte and Della Recca) with HAP18 marker. The results obtained in this study confirmed the power of RAPD markers to easily analyse genetic diversity and to find new molecular profiles in a very short time. Moreover, confidential bands, characteristics of Campania native cultivars, can be used for genotype identification. Keywords: Prunus avium, RAPD, genetic diversity, fingerprinting, biodiversity Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 114-118 Volume: 42 Issue: 3 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/352/2014-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/352/2014-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201503-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:42:y:2015:i:3:id:352-2014-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Milić Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fruitgrowing, Viticulture, Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: Z. Keserović Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fruitgrowing, Viticulture, Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: M. Dorić Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fruitgrowing, Viticulture, Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: V. Ognjanov Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fruitgrowing, Viticulture, Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: N. Magazin Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fruitgrowing, Viticulture, Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia Title: Fruit set and quality of self-fertile sweet cherries as affected by chemical flower thinning Abstract: Self-fertile cherry cultivars can produce an excessive crop of small fruits with low sugar content. In order to prevent overcropping and provide high quality fruits, chemical thinning of flowers is required. Ammonium thiosulfate (ATS), surfactants and plant oils are used to thin flowers, mostly in apple and peach. The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of the blossom thinners ATS, surfactant Silwet and rapeseed oil (Ogriol) in reducing fruit set of the self-fertile sweet cherry cultivars Alex and Sunburst and their potential to improve fruit quality. At lower rates (1 and 2%) ATS did not consistently reduce fruit set, while at higher rate (3%) it produced visible phytotoxicity on the leaves. ATS treatments did not increase the average weight and diameter of fruits. 10 and 30 ml/l Ogriol application did not reduce fruit set significantly or improve fruit quality of self-fertile sweet cherries. The surfactant Silwet applied at the rates of 1 or 3 ml/l was found to consistently thin self-fertile sweet cherry cultivars, leading to better fruit quality. Keywords: Prunus avium, bearing potential, fruit size, ammonium thiosulfate, Silwet, Ogriol Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 119-124 Volume: 42 Issue: 3 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/288/2014-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/288/2014-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201503-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:42:y:2015:i:3:id:288-2014-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N. Falagán Author-Workplace-Name: Postharvest and Refrigeration Group, Department of Food Engineering, Technical Universtiy of Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Technical University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain Author-Name: F. Artés Author-Workplace-Name: Postharvest and Refrigeration Group, Department of Food Engineering, Technical Universtiy of Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Technical University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain Author-Name: P.A. Gómez Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Technical University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain Author-Name: F. Artés-Hernández Author-Workplace-Name: Postharvest and Refrigeration Group, Department of Food Engineering, Technical Universtiy of Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Technical University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain Author-Name: A. Pérez-Pastor Author-Workplace-Name: Soil-Water-Plant Group, Department of Plant Production, Technical University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain Author-Name: J.M. de la Rosa Author-Workplace-Name: Soil-Water-Plant Group, Department of Plant Production, Technical University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain Author-Name: E. Aguayo Author-Workplace-Name: Postharvest and Refrigeration Group, Department of Food Engineering, Technical Universtiy of Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Technical University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain Title: Combined effects of deficit irrigation and fresh-cut processing on quality and bioactive compounds of nectarines Abstract: Water scarcity makes necessary the use of tools for increasing water productivity such as regulated deficit irrigation strategies (RDI). The effect of RDI on fresh-cut white flesh extra-early nectarine was studied. Initially, the soluble solids content of nectarines from RDI was higher than in control and over-irrigated fruits (9.72 ± 0.20 vs. 8.57 ± 0.05°Brix, respectively) but after shelf-life storage no differences were found. During storage, RDI fruits had a more stable antioxidant capacity and soluble phenolic content. This treatment showed 10% more vitamin C than the other irrigation treatments, due to an increase in dehydroascorbic acid content. No pathogenic bacteria growth was found and all microbial counts were below the European legal limits. For all the irrigation treatments, the final sensorial scores were above the limit of marketability. Overall, RDI enabled savings of about 1,260 m3 of water/ha and year, without negatively affecting the quality of the fruit, allowing for their use as a fresh-cut product with a shelf-life of 8 days at 5°C. Keywords: Prunus persica, minimally processed, microbial and sensory quality Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 125-131 Volume: 42 Issue: 3 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/1/2015-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1/2015-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201503-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:42:y:2015:i:3:id:1-2015-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Bogunovic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of General Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: B. Duralija Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pomology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: J. Gadze Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pomology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Author-Name: I. Kisic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of General Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Title: Biostimulant usage for preserving strawberries to climate damages Abstract: Climate changes affect horticultural production through the occurrence of late spring frosts. Therefore plant management is gaining more importance with the aim of improving plant condition. The research deals with the biostimulator containing amino-acids of animal origin (porcine blood) which can be obtained by chemical and/or enzymatic hydrolysis of an organic matrix. During vegetation period different cultivars of strawberries were included in the experiment: Asia, Alba and Clery. The effects of biostimulator on resistance to frost, yields and pomological characteristics were studied at three treatments (0.5 , 1.0 and 1.5 g/plant, and control 0 g/plant). The results showed that all investigated cultivars had a positive response to biostimulant application regarding the frost resistance. Natural frost resistance was the strongest for cv. Clery. Significantly lowest percentage of damage was recorded for cv. Alba at 1.5 g and cvs Clery and Alba at 0.5 g. In the case of late spring frosts and other climatic hazards for growing outdoors cvs Clery and Alba are recommended. All cultivars recorded decreased yields. The difference in yields between cultivars was a consequence of frost damages. Keywords: Fragaria × ananassa, porcine blood, frost, yield Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 132-140 Volume: 42 Issue: 3 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/161/2014-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/161/2014-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201503-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:42:y:2015:i:3:id:161-2014-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Sowik Author-Workplace-Name: Department of General Biology, Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: M. Markiewicz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of General Biology, Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: L. Michalczuk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of General Biology, Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland Title: Stability of Verticillium dahliae resistance in tissue culture-derived strawberry somaclones Abstract: Somaclonal variation is a novel source of useful traits in strawberry breeding. In our previous work we selected K40 clone from in vitro cultures of strawberry cv. Elsanta, which was characterized by high resistance to Verticillium dahliae. The objective of this work was to evaluate the stability and transmission of this trait during in vitro shoot proliferation and traditional clonal propagation from runners. K40, Elsanta and Senga Sengana plants were propagated in vitro for 45 generations/passages or for 4 generation of clonal propagation from runners. The resistance/susceptibility of such derived plants to V. dahliae was tested in controlled conditions in a greenhouse. Irrespective of the method of propagation, the plants of K40 clone were much more resistant to V. dahliae than the plants of the original cultivar and the plants of 'Senga Sengana', which is a cultivar considered as resistant to Verticillium wilt in field conditions. This proves that this trait elicited at somaclonal variant is stable and transferable both during in vitro micropropagation and clonal plant propagation from runners. Keywords: somaclonal variation, in vitro selection, plant pathogen, Verticillium wilt Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 141-148 Volume: 42 Issue: 3 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/360/2014-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/360/2014-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201503-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:42:y:2015:i:3:id:360-2014-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N. Valentini Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy Author-Name: S.T. Moraglio Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy Author-Name: L. Rolle Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy Author-Name: L. Tavella Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy Author-Name: R. Botta Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy Title: Nut and kernel growth and shell hardening in eighteen hazelnut cultivars (Corylus avellana L.) Abstract: Growth and development of nuts and kernels were measured in 18 hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cultivars from cluster appearance until nut maturity and drop. At harvest, shell thickness and force to penetrate the shell were determined and related to the incidence of nut weevil damage. The force to penetrate the shells started to increase when nuts reached 80-90% of their final size, and continued until kernel full size. During nut growth, shell hardness and kernel size were highly correlated (R2 = 0.921). At maturity, values of force ranged from 46.7 to 185.7 N. Values of nut weevil damage ranged from 0.6 to 24.4%. At harvest, the force to penetrate the shells was highly correlated with the shell thickness (r = 0.945) and negatively correlated with the nut weevil damage (r = -0.564). Late onset of nut development was associated with a high percentage of nut weevil damage (R = 0.638). These information can be used to model nut development and provide important tools for planning orchard management activities. Keywords: European hazelnut, fruit growth curve, force of shell penetration, shell thickness, nut weevil damage Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 149-158 Volume: 42 Issue: 3 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/327/2014-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/327/2014-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201503-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:42:y:2015:i:3:id:327-2014-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I Zamrzlová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agrobiology and Natural Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D Doleželová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agrobiology and Natural Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: O Vacek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agrobiology and Natural Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Methodology of compositional assessment in the beech vegetation zone and its application Abstract: The visual impact of primary landscape is overwritten, historical references and spiritual ties to the current local population are losing. Rational planning and evaluation of the landscape must correspond to this situation. In the Czech Republic methodologies of landscape assessment (for its identification, typology) exist, but there is no finalizing material to specify procedures for creating landscape designs in accordance with a particular landscape type or vegetation zone. As a response, the new methodology of compositional preconditions assessment in the beech vegetation zone and the model etalon applying generally valid compositional principles on landscape designs were created. In a verification study the new methodology was applied in a specific micro region association - the Svidník. For the worst evaluated units proposals according to the model etalon has been prepared to highlight the characteristics of the appropriate vegetation zone. Keywords: visual impact of landscape, landscape designs, compositional principles in landscape planning Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 159-166 Volume: 42 Issue: 3 Year: 2015 DOI: 10.17221/320/2014-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/320/2014-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201503-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:42:y:2015:i:3:id:320-2014-HORTSCI