Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Walid Fediala Abd El-Gleel Mosa Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Lidia Sas Paszt Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Mateusz Frąc Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Paweł Trzciński Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Michał Przybył Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Waldemar Treder Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Krzysztof Klamkowski Author-Workplace-Name: Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland Title: The influence of biofertilization on the growth, yield and fruit quality of cv. Topaz apple trees Abstract: Maiden apple trees of cv. Topaz were planted in 2011. In the spring of 2014, chemical fertilization (NPK) and various bioproducts: Fertigo, Micosat, Humus UP, Humus Active + Aktywit PM, Aktywit PM, BioFeed Quality, BioFeed Amin, Vinassa, Florovit Natura and Florovit Eko alone or enriched with Pantoea sp., Pseudomonas fluorescens, Klebsiella oxytoca and Rhizobium sp. bacteria species were applied to the apple trees to evaluate their effect on the growth, yield and fruit quality. Our results demonstrated that Yeast + beneficial bacteria gave the highest yield in terms of weight and number of fruits per tree in comparison to control and other treatments. Florovit Natura combined with beneficial bacteria significantly increased tree trunk thickness in July and in November 2014 over control. Photosynthetic rate was higher in July than in August 2014. It was improved by both Florovit Natura and Vinassa supplemented with beneficial bacteria over NPK in July and in August 2014, respectively. Keywords: NPK, humus UP, vinassa, apple, yeast Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 105-111 Volume: 43 Issue: 3 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/154/2015-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/154/2015-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201603-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:43:y:2016:i:3:id:154-2015-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Šafářová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Starý Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Válová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Opatíková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Bílková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Navrátil Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic Title: Impact of insecticides treatment on phytoplasma infection risk in apple orchards Abstract: During 2013-2015, a monitoring study was carried out on the migration, abundance, and infectivity of Cacopsylla picta and C. melanoneura in apple orchards that were under different types of management. The presence of symptomatic and non-symptomatic apple trees infected by 'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali' was studied. It was demonstrated that the infectivity of psyllid vectors is the same without regard to the growth management applied in the orchard. The potential risk of phytoplasma spreading in the orchards under an integrated management was lower due to the side-effects of insecticides on psyllids. Their shorter occurrence, lower abundance and the absence of a new vector generation were observed and compared to the orchard grown under organic management. Keywords: 'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali', monitoring, Cacopsylla picta, Cacopsylla melanoneura Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 112-116 Volume: 43 Issue: 3 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/272/2015-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/272/2015-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201603-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:43:y:2016:i:3:id:272-2015-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Goliáš Author-Name: J. Létal Author-Name: J. Balík Author-Name: J. Kožíšková Title: Effect of controlled atmosphere storage on production of volatiles and ethylene from cv. Zaosuli pears Abstract: Harvest-mature fruits of the pear cv. Zaosuli (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.) were stored at 1.0-1.5°C under two different experimental atmospheres. The controlled atmosphere (CA) had low oxygen (2.0%) and high CO2 (7%), while the regular atmosphere (RA) had 20.9% O2 and 0.1% CO2. Sixty-four volatile compounds were subsequently detected and quantified by solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) including 1 hydrocarbon, 16 alcohols, 15 aldehydes, 4 ketones, 15 esters, 8 terpenes, 2 lactones and 2 fatty acids. The principal component analysis of data was carried out to assess the effects of these post-harvest storage conditions in comparison to fruit stored in air at room temperature for 5 days. Thirteen compounds were found to be sufficient to differentiate the two different pear treatments, which were followed by subsequent warming to 20°C. The observed differences in the production of volatiles between the start of storage and 40 days later (RA), or 40 days later (CA), are principally due to just four compounds, namely n-hexanol, 2-furaldehyde, cis-geraniol and α-damascenone. Ethylene production is also lower in the CA treatment. The higher concentration of CO2 in the CA treatment causes a rise in respiration rates due to anaerobic respiration. Keywords: asian pears, volatiles, ethylene production, respiration rate, PCA Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 117-125 Volume: 43 Issue: 3 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/160/2015-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/160/2015-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201603-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:43:y:2016:i:3:id:160-2015-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Szymajda Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: E. Żurawicz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland Title: Tolerance of peach flower buds to low sub-zero temperatures in winter Abstract: After each of three consecutive winters, 2010/2011, 2011/2012 and 2012/2013, the extent of frost damage to flower buds was studied in 25 genotypes of peach growing in the collection of varieties in the Experimental Orchard in Dąbrowice near Skierniewice (central Poland). The lowest temperatures during those winters were quite similar: -22.3°C (February 22, 2011), -23.3°C (February 3 and 4, 2012), and -21.4°C (March 24, 2013). However, after the winters of 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 the extent of damage to peach flower buds was much larger than after the 2012/2013 winter. This was caused by different weather patterns during those winters. During the 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 winters, before the occurrence of the lowest temperature, there were periods of above-zero temperatures, which resulted in a reduction in tolerance of flower buds to severe winter frosts. During the 2012/2013 winter, sub-zero temperatures persisted for most of the time, which helped the flower buds to maintain high tolerance to low sub-zero temperatures until late March. Keywords: frost damage, winter hardiness, peach breeding, winter dormancy Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 126-133 Volume: 43 Issue: 3 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/206/2015-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/206/2015-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201603-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:43:y:2016:i:3:id:206-2015-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Szalay Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pomology, Faculty of Horticultural Sciences, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary Author-Name: M. Ladányi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biometrics and Agricultural Informatics, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary Author-Name: V. Hajnal Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pomology, Faculty of Horticultural Sciences, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary Author-Name: A. Pedryc Author-Name: M. Tóth Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pomology, Faculty of Horticultural Sciences, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary Title: Changing of the flower bud frost hardiness in three Hungarian apricot cultivars Abstract: Hungary lies near the northern border of the apricot growing area, so frost hardiness is a decisive factor for the reliability of production. Both the development and loss of frost hardiness take place gradually in the overwintering organs, depending on the hereditary traits of the cultivars and the prevailing environmental conditions. Among the overwintering organs the flower buds are the most sensitive to frost. The frost hardiness of the flower buds of three Hungarian cultivars (Ceglédi bíborkajszi, Gönci magyar kajszi and Rózsakajszi C. 1406) was determined using artificial freezing tests during the dormancy period in 11 years. Mathematical models were developed to describe changes in frost hardiness of the flower buds in each cultivar. Ambient temperatures have a significant effect on the hardening and dehardening of flower buds, so it is important to study this trait as many years as possible. Based on the 11 years data characteristic features of frost hardiness of 3 apricot cultivars could be described accurately. Based on the results obtained the hardening process in the flower buds of apricot cultivars can be divided into two distinct phases. Tendencies in the changing of frost hardiness of 3 studied cultivars were similar, but significant differences were detected between them. Keywords: overwintering organs, LT50, apricot, mathematical model Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 134-141 Volume: 43 Issue: 3 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/161/2015-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/161/2015-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201603-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:43:y:2016:i:3:id:161-2015-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: H. Fišerová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Vyhnánek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Staňková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Kozák Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Klemš Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Havel Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Effects of garlic genotype on cloves formation under in vitro conditions Abstract: Prior to the transfer of multiplicated garlic plants from in vitro to ex vitro conditions it is necessary to induce the formation of bulbs and to verify the identity of propagated young individuals with their maternal plant. This study deals with effects of exogenous compounds (i.e. paclobutrazol, abscisic acid and ethylene) on formation of bulbs of four garlic cultivars (Lan, Lukan, Emilie, Japo) and on production of ethylene and carbon dioxide (CO2). In the softneck garlic cv. Emilie, the exogenous application of paclobutrazol increased numbers of daughter cloves and production of both ethylene and CO2. In the softneck cv. Lukan the formation of cloves was higher after the application of ABA than after the application of paclobutrazol (PP 333). An exogenous application of ethylene inhibited the formation of bulbs. Analyses of DNA polymorphism, performed by means of microsatellite markers, verified the identity of bulbs produced under in vitro conditions with their mother plants. The hardneck cv. Lan differed form softneck cvs Lukan, Emilie and Japo. Keywords: paclobutrazol, abscisic acid, 2-chlorethylphosphonic acid, ethylene, microsatellites Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 142-148 Volume: 43 Issue: 3 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/151/2015-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/151/2015-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201603-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:43:y:2016:i:3:id:151-2015-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Sękara Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland Author-Name: R. Bączek-Kwinta Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland Author-Name: M. Gawęda Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland Author-Name: A. Kalisz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland Author-Name: R. Pokluda Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Vegetable Growing and Floriculture, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Jezdinský Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Vegetable Growing and Floriculture, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic Title: Sequential abiotic stress applied to juvenile eggplant modifies the seedlings parameters, plant ontogeny and yield Abstract: The main goal of this study was to evaluate eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) susceptibility to a sequence of stress factors during plant ontogeny based on seedling morphological, biochemical and physiological parameters and the subsequent assessment of yield characteristics. After germination, seedlings at the radical stage were exposed to chilling, heat, osmotic or oxidative stress. Four weeks after development in standard conditions in a greenhouse, the seedlings were again subjected to chilling stress in a growth chamber. A non-chilled Control was implemented. Then, the yield and physiological characteristics were assessed after field cultivation. Generally, stress application after germination resulted in better plant acclimation to chilling at the 4-week-old seedling phase, evaluated on the basis of photosynthetically active pigment contents, chlorophyll fluorescence and some morphological characteristics. The comparable time to reach successive phenological stages by stressed and Control plants in the field suggests that stress pretreatment does not retard eggplant development. These results also confirm the thesis that stress memory can be induced in eggplant by stressor application during the early stages of development. Keywords: chilling, cross-tolerance, Solanum melongena, stress memory, yield Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 149-157 Volume: 43 Issue: 3 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/162/2015-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/162/2015-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201603-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:43:y:2016:i:3:id:162-2015-HORTSCI