Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C. Contessa Author-Workplace-Name: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy Author-Name: R. Botta Author-Workplace-Name: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy Title: Comparison of physicochemical traits of red-fleshed, commercial and ancient apple cultivars Abstract: Cultivation of apples is currently based on a limited number of commercial cultivars; as a consequence, ancient and local varieties have almost completely disappeared. Red-fleshed, ancient and commercial cultivars were analysed for flesh firmness, soluble solid content, pH, titratable acidity, total phenolics and anthocyanin contents, total antioxidant capacity, sugars and organic acids composition, to evaluate their nutraceutical value. The ancient cultivars, in particular cv. Magnana, were generally higher in organic acids, sugars content and total phenolics content in the flesh than the commercial cultivars considered. The red-fleshed cultivar was distinct from the ancient and commercial apples and resulted in an excellent source of antioxidants, with values of anthocyanins content and antioxidant capacity five times higher than the other cultivars; these values were comparable to those of berry species. In addition, the red-fleshed apple was rich in malic acid, citric acid, fructose and glucose. The breeding of red flesh apples is still in progress and should consider the use of ancient cultivars for their positive physicochemical characteristics to improve flavour and storage aptitude. Keywords: Malus domestica, organic acids, sugars, antioxidant capacity, total phenolics content, anthocyanins Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 159-166 Volume: 43 Issue: 4 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/132/2015-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/132/2015-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201604-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:43:y:2016:i:4:id:132-2015-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Blažek Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd., Holovousy, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Zelený Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd., Holovousy, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Křelinová Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd., Holovousy, Czech Republic Title: Precocity and a long-term cropping in apple progenies grown on M 9 rootstock Abstract: The fruiting of 23 apple progenies, in total 756 genotypes grafted on M 9 rootstock, was evaluated for 11 years (2005-2015). The most precocious was the progeny obtained by the crossing of genotype HL1737 and Pink Lady cultivar, seedlings of which achieved fruiting stage just between the first and second year after planting. The least precocious was the progeny Freedom × Antonovka o.p., in which seedlings started fruiting on average just in the 5th and 6th year after planting. The most productive in the study was the progeny HL782 × Topaz, having a mean rating of 5.33 points on a 1-9 scale. Behind this leader, in decreasing order, were the progenies HL782 × HL665, Resista × Pink Lady, Resista × HL2219 and HL665 × HL782. The progenies Resista × Benet and Idleless × HL665 were distinguished with the highest level of biennial bearing (above 81%). The most valuable for utilisation in breeding is the progeny HL665 × HL782. Other noteworthy donors to be considered for distinctly more regular cropping are the cultivars Pink Lady, Discovery and HL2219. Keywords: Malus × domestica, cropping, progeny segregation, apple breeding Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 167-174 Volume: 43 Issue: 4 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/268/2015-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/268/2015-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201604-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:43:y:2016:i:4:id:268-2015-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Sotiropoulos Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Deciduous Fruit Tree Growing in Naoussa, Institute of Plant Breeding and Phytogenetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization 'Demeter', Naoussa, Greece Author-Name: A. Petridis Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece Author-Name: M. Koukourikou-Petridou Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece Author-Name: S. Koundouras Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Viticulture, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece Title: Evaluation of 'Sun Protect' in protecting apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.) against sunburn Abstract: Sunburn is a major type of solar radiation injury that leads to significant economic losses in several fruits, including apples. Here, the efficiency of a new product, called 'Sun Protect', in protecting apples (cv. Granny Smith) against sunburn was tested. The effect of 'Sun Protect' application was further examined on fruit quality characteristics, including soluble solids, acidity, flesh firmness, total phenol content and antioxidant activity, at harvest and after a 4-month period of storage. Spraying apple trees with 'Sun Protect' resulted in better fruit coloration and no visual symptoms of sunburn. On the other hand, fruit quality characteristics were not affected by the treatment. After storage for four months, apples sprayed with 'Sun Protect' retained their intense green colour in relation to the green-yellowish appearance of the untreated ones. Results on photosynthetic parameters revealed that there was no negative effect of the treatments on gas exchange of the leaves; moreover, sprayed trees showed a higher water use efficiency in comparison to the control. Our results provide evidence that 'Sun Protect' protects apples from sunburn injury and increases their marketability. Keywords: antioxidant activity, firmness, fruit colour, photosynthesis, sunburn Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 175-180 Volume: 43 Issue: 4 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/200/2015-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/200/2015-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201604-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:43:y:2016:i:4:id:200-2015-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Horsáková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fruit Growing, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic Author-Name: B. Krška Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fruit Growing, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic Title: Evaluation of dormancy break in some selected peach (Prunus persica) cultivars Abstract: The evaluation of dormancy break based on the number of flower buds in bloom was performed in years 2011-2013 (January-April) for 15 peach cultivars compared to the control cv. Redhaven. Based on the date of endogenous dormancy break the evaluated peach cultivars could be classified into three groups consisting of: (1) cultivars with an early break of dormancy, (2) cultivars with a medium-early break of dormancy and (3) cultivars with a late break of dormancy. For individual cultivars, the duration of the dormancy period was influenced by meteorological conditions existing in a given year. Keywords: Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, endogenous dormancy, length of dormancy, flower buds Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 181-187 Volume: 43 Issue: 4 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/154/2014-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/154/2014-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201604-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:43:y:2016:i:4:id:154-2014-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Grossi Author-Workplace-Name: Università degli Studi di Milano, DISAA - Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Milano, Italy Author-Name: L. Rustioni Author-Workplace-Name: Università degli Studi di Milano, DISAA - Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Milano, Italy Author-Name: G. Simone Di Lorenzo Author-Workplace-Name: Università degli Studi di Milano, DISAA - Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Milano, Italy Author-Name: O. Failla Author-Workplace-Name: Università degli Studi di Milano, DISAA - Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Milano, Italy Author-Name: L. Brancadoro Author-Workplace-Name: Università degli Studi di Milano, DISAA - Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Milano, Italy Title: Water deficit effects on grapevine woody tissue pigmentations Abstract: Water availability is an important environmental factor in viticulture. In a climate change context, vineyard management should be adapted to the new conditions. Drought-resistant rootstocks need to be selected. In this paper, reflectance spectroscopy is proposed as a new method to characterize the water stress effects on woody section pigmentations. Cabernet Sauvignon grafted on 4 different rootstocks (140Ru, 420A, M2 and M3) represented the plant material. Greenhouse controlled conditions allowed the comparison of well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS) plants. The physiological responses were characterized concerning daily water consumption, stem water potential, gas exchange, and plant growth. The water use efficiency was calculated and discussed as well. Spectroscopy analyses of woody sections indicated a major absorption band probably related to phenolic derivatives. Water stress produced characteristic spectrum modifications both in the Cabernet Sauvignon stem and in the rootstock xylem. These preliminary results encourage further studies addressed at the evaluation of drought-resistant genotypes, to distinguish their stress responses and to characterize the compositional aspects linked to drought tolerance. Keywords: Cabernet Sauvignon, Vitis, reflectance spectroscopy, rootstock, water stress Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 188-194 Volume: 43 Issue: 4 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/186/2015-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/186/2015-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201604-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:43:y:2016:i:4:id:186-2015-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Kučová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Vegetable Growing and Floriculture, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Záhora Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Pokluda Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Vegetable Growing and Floriculture, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic Title: Effect of mycorrhizal inoculation of leek Allium porrum L. on mineral nitrogen leaching Abstract: This study evaluated the influence of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation of leek (Allium porrum L.) on the leaching of ammonia and nitrate nitrogen from the experimental pots filled with either sterile or non-sterile soil mix, consisting equally of the arable soil and horticultural substrate. Leek plants were inoculated by Funneliformis mosseae, Claroideoglomus claroideum, Rhizophagus intraradices and by their combinations. Based on the obtained data, it can be concluded that: (a) the influence of AMF on nitrate leaching does not follow some simple rules, (b) the amounts of percolating nitrates can be affected also by sterilization and by the combination of AMF inocula, (c) AMF can, in general, reduce the nitrate leaching from soil even though mycorrhizal colonization of roots did not achieve extremely high rates. These conclusions may be useful in the horticultural practice and ecological sustainability of the soil quality. Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, nitrate leaching, soil, root colonization Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 195-202 Volume: 43 Issue: 4 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/182/2015-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/182/2015-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201604-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:43:y:2016:i:4:id:182-2015-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Augustinová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Doležalová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Matiska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Wimmerová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Kodetová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Testing the winter hardiness of selected chrysanthemum cultivars of Multiflora type Abstract: Over the course of 2007-2013, 19 selected cultivars of Chrysanthemum × grandiflorum were tested. Testing was conducted during two seasons under field conditions and on potted plants in the freezing chamber at temperatures -8, -10 and -12°C. It was found that frost hardiness of chrysanthemums of Multiflora type can be reliably determined at a temperature intervention of -8°C. The field trials and tests in freezing chamber revealed that cv. Vlasta did not overwinter. In field trials, the most winter hardy cultivars were Zina, Berta, Mína, Dorota, Estela, Tereza and clone 912, which are possible to grow as short-lived perennials. Cvs Marika and Tereza showed the best frost resistance in the freezing chamber and the best survival results after simulating spring frost. Keywords: Chrysanthemum × grandiflorum, frost hardiness, overwintering, regeneration, flowers Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 203-210 Volume: 43 Issue: 4 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/37/2015-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/37/2015-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201604-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:43:y:2016:i:4:id:37-2015-HORTSCI