Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Niek Hias Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biosystems, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Author-Name: Leen Leus Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Sciences Unit, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Melle, Belgium Author-Name: Mark W. Davey Author-Workplace-Name: Bayer Crop Science, Gent, Belgium Author-Name: Stijn Vanderzande Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, USA Author-Name: Johan Van Huylenbroeck Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Sciences Unit, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Melle, Belgium Author-Name: Johan Keulemans Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biosystems, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Title: Effect of polyploidization on morphology in two apple (Malus × domestica) genotypes Abstract: Because polyploidy often results in enhancement of desirable properties, artificial genome doubling is commonly used in agri- and horticultural crop breeding programs. In this study genome doubling was induced in two apple genotypes. The effect on vegetative morphological and physiological traits of the plants was then comprehensively determined by comparing the obtained tetraploid apple plants with their diploid counterparts. Out of 17 different physio- and morphological characteristics, 15 were significantly affected in one or both genotypes. The response of these 15 characteristics also appeared to have been caused by two effects; 10 of the 15 characteristics exhibited a common response to ploidy change over both genotypes while five traits showed a genotype-specific response to polyploidization. Tetraploid leaves also exhibited a darker leaf colour, which could be correlated to a higher pigment concentration. Furthermore, the results also show a decreased elongation rate and leaf size in tetraploids, which is suggested to be due to the observed lower cell density in the polyploid apple plants. Keywords: chromosome doubling, diploid, growth, leaf parameters, tetraploid Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 55-63 Volume: 44 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/7/2016-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/7/2016-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201702-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:44:y:2017:i:2:id:7-2016-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valentina Usenik Author-Workplace-Name: Chair for Fruit, Wine and Vegetable Growing, Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Author-Name: Franci Stampar Author-Workplace-Name: Chair for Fruit, Wine and Vegetable Growing, Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia Author-Name: Damijana Kastelec Author-Workplace-Name: Chair for Genetics, Biotechnology, Statistics and Plant Breeding, Department of Agronomy, University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia Author-Name: Mojca Virscek Marn Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Protection Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia Title: How does sharka affect the phenolics of plum fruit (Prunus domestica L.)? Abstract: Plum pox virus (PPV), the causal agent of the sharka disease, is the most important viral disease in plums. To understand plant defense response against PPV-infection, changes in the composition of phenolics were studied in plum fruit (Prunus domestica L.). The phenolics were determined in visually undeformed and necrotic tissue during the last three ripening stages. The results indicated a significantly modified composition of anthocyanins, flavonols and hydroxycinnamic acids, in necrotic tissue the most. The phenolics differed significantly also between developmental stages and give insight into the phenolic profile of fallen unripe fruit. This study shows how PPV infection induces the biosynthesis of flavonoids in plum fruit. Keywords: Plum pox virus, anthocyanins, flavonols, hydroxycinnamic acids, necrosis Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 64-72 Volume: 44 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/196/2015-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/196/2015-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201702-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:44:y:2017:i:2:id:196-2015-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ahmed Ezzat Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Horticulture, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, Egypt Author-Name: Amin Ammar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, Egypt Author-Name: Zoltán Szabó Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Horticulture, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary Author-Name: Imre J. Holb Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Horticulture, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary Title: Salicylic acid treatment saves quality and enhances antioxidant properties of apricot fruit Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of three salicylic acid (SA) concentrations (0.5, 1 and 2 mmol/l) on 7 fruit quality attributes of three apricot cultivars ('Flavor Cot', 'Jumbo Cot' and 'Bergeron') during cold storage (at 1°C for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days). Applications of 1 or 2 mmol/l SA significantly reduced chilling injury and fruit decay of apricot fruit as well as membrane electrolyte leakage and ascorbic acid content. Fruits treated with SA resulted in high total polyphenolic content, antioxidant capacity and carotenoids content while these parameters significantly decreased in non-treated control fruits. Overall, our results showed that SA prolonged the storability of fruits of three different apricot cultivars during cold storage. Keywords: postharvest quality, physico-chemical parameters, antioxidant activity, carotenoids, chilling injury, fruit decay Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 73-81 Volume: 44 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/177/2015-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/177/2015-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201702-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:44:y:2017:i:2:id:177-2015-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Astrit Balliu Author-Name: Glenda Sallaku Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania Title: Exogenous auxin improves root morphology and restores growth of grafted cucumber seedlings Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenously applied auxin over the rootstock cuttings on root morphology parameters and stand establishment rate of salt-stressed cutting grafted cucumber seedlings. For that purpose, before grafting, the cut ends of the rootstocks were soaked for few seconds into auxin solution (indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or indole-3- butyric acid (IBA))at different concentrations and afterwards were grafted by the root pruned splice grafting (RPSG) method. Ten days after grafting, the grafted seedlings were transplanted into individual pots where two different levels of salt-stress (0 and 50 mM) were established. Root morphology parameters, as well as dry matter of the root system and the whole plants were successively analysed to randomly selected plants. Exogenous auxins improved root morphology parameters and restored root growth under salinity conditions. The best results were obtained through the application of IBA, which promoted a better rootstock - scion relationship, presumably due to faster development of phloem and xylem tubes, and the promotion of a vigorous root system which increases plant's absorbing capabilities for water and nutrients under adverse soil conditions. Keywords: root length, root surface area, root volume, relative growth rate, salinity Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 82-90 Volume: 44 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/53/2016-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/53/2016-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201702-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:44:y:2017:i:2:id:53-2016-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carmine Amalfitano Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici (Naples), Italy Author-Name: Laura Del Vacchio Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici (Naples), Italy Author-Name: Silvano Somma Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici (Naples), Italy Author-Name: Antonio Cuciniello Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici (Naples), Italy Author-Name: Gianluca Caruso Title: Effects of cultural cycle and nutrient solution electrical conductivity on plant growth, yield and fruit quality of 'Friariello' pepper grown in hydroponics Abstract: 'Friariello' pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) was grown with nutrient film technique (NFT) in order to evaluate the effects of four nutritive solutions, at electrical conductivities (EC) of 3.5, 3.8, 4.1, 4.4 mS/cm, in two cultural cycles (winter-summer versus spring-autumn) on growth, yield and fruit quality. In the winter-summer cycle, fruit yield was significantly higher than in the spring-autumn one. The 3.8 mS/m EC resulted in the highest yield in the winter-summer crops, whereas the 4.1 mS/m EC was the most effective under the spring-autumn cycle. Water consumption was 34% higher in winter-summer than in spring-autumn season. The 3.8 mS/m EC caused the highest water consumption, whereas a 25% reduction was recorded under 4.4 mS/cm. The macronutrients absorption was the highest with 3.8-4.1 mS/cm EC and the lowest with 3.5 mS/cm. Fruits harvested in late summer and berries obtained under 4.4 mS/cm EC mostly showed the best quality. The fruit ascorbic acid and α-carotene content was higher in late summer than in late spring and all fruit antioxidants attained the highest values with 4.4 mS/cm EC. Keywords: Capsicum annuum L., fruit production, sugars, antioxidants, mineral composition Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 91-98 Volume: 44 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/172/2015-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/172/2015-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201702-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:44:y:2017:i:2:id:172-2015-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oksana Belous Author-Workplace-Name: All-Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical, Sochi, Russia Author-Workplace-Name: Sochi institute of Design, Business and Law, Sochi, Russia Author-Name: Kristina Klemeshova Author-Workplace-Name: All-Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical, Sochi, Russia Author-Name: Olga Pashchenko Author-Workplace-Name: All-Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical, Sochi, Russia Title: Comparative analysis of photosynthetic indicators in freesia hybrids on the Black sea coast of Krasnodar region Abstract: The paper discusses some features in Freesia refracta pigment system and possible use of this option as a plant diagnostic characteristic on the resistance in limiting environments. The study included freesia cultivars and hybrid forms selected in the Russian Research Institute of Horticulture and Subtropical Crops, which had different flowering terms. A detailed analysis was provided on any changes in the photosynthetic pigments content during the growing process. There are parameters of slow chlorophyll fluorescence induction (vitality index, ratio of photosynthetic activity and estimated coefficient of photosynthetic activity) in the leaves of different cultivars and hybrid forms. In order to determine the dependences between photosynthetic pigments content and parameters of slow chlorophyll fluorescence induction in freesia cultivars and hybrid forms pair correlation coefficient; it was calculated between these features among all hybrids and cultivars in general. The relationship recorded between optical indicators, and structural features of the pigment system will allow us to develop a method of rapid diagnosis of photosynthetic activity in freesia on the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar region. Keywords: freesia, photosynthetic apparatus, plastid pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence, correlation Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 99-104 Volume: 44 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/189/2015-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/189/2015-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201702-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:44:y:2017:i:2:id:189-2015-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ji Hee Kim Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Horticulture, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea Author-Name: Kyung Ok Kim Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Horticulture, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea Author-Name: Ae Kyung Lee Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Horticulture, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea Author-Name: Mark S. Roh Author-Workplace-Name: US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, Beltsville, USA Author-Name: Jeung Keun Suh Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Horticulture, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea Title: Germination of Corylopsis seeds evaluated by X-ray imaging and cold stratification Abstract: Effects of immersing seeds in water and X-ray imagining on germination of Corylopsis seed were investigated. Seeds that sank or floated were collected after immersing in water for 5 min, 4 h or 16 h, and germinated with or without 5°C cold stratification (CS). In C. coreana and C. sinensis var. calvescens, 52% and 89%, respectively, of seeds that sank immediately developed embryos and cotyledons germinated. Germination of C. sinensis var. calvescens seeds that sank after 16 h increased to 45% after the first CS treatment, as compared to 12% without CS. Immersing seeds in water for 16 h to collect full and mostly full seeds is recommended. X-ray imaging coupled with immersion is effective technique to select viable seeds. Dormancy could be partially released by immersing seeds in water for 16 h; however, germination was improved after CS. Keywords: Corylopsis coreana, Corylopsis sinensis var. calvescens, full seeds, seed dormancy, viable seed Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 105-111 Volume: 44 Issue: 2 Year: 2017 DOI: 10.17221/194/2015-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/194/2015-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201702-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:44:y:2017:i:2:id:194-2015-HORTSCI