Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Mészáros Author-Name: Luděk Laňar Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd., Holovousy, Czech Republic Author-Name: Josef Kosina Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd., Holovousy, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jan Náměstek Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd., Holovousy, Czech Republic Title: Aspects influencing the rootstock - scion performance during long term evaluation in pear orchard Abstract: During 1999-2016, the performance of 'Red Bartlett', 'Conference' and 'Beurré Alexander Lucas' grafted on four pear (Pyrus) rootstocks OH × F 69, OH × F 87, OH × F 230, OH × F 333 and on quince (Cydonia) rootstock BA 29 was evaluated at the RBIP Holovousy Ltd. For each combination, trunk cross-section area, cumulative yield, yield efficiency and mean fruit weight were assessed. The growth vigour of the scion cultivars on OH × F rootstocks was similar or slightly higher comparing to the growth on BA 29. Throughout the years, the growth vigor and productivity of the rootstock combinations may change. Less vigorous combinations of rootstock/scion were linked with higher yields in young trees, but usually with just moderate yields in later seasons. By contrast, combinations with higher growth vigour had usually higher yields in the later seasons. This balance is genotype specific, where aside of rootstock an important role is played by the scion cultivar vigour. The bearing precocity may be influenced by the cultivar as well. The results can vary with different climatic conditions and orchard management. Keywords: Pyrus, Cydonia, growth, yield, bearing precocity Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 1-8 Volume: 46 Issue: 1 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/55/2017-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/55/2017-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201901-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:46:y:2019:i:1:id:55-2017-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elida Contreras Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fruticulture and Oenology, Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Santiago, Chile Author-Name: Javiera Grez Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fruticulture and Oenology, Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Santiago, Chile Author-Name: José A. Alcalde Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fruticulture and Oenology, Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Santiago, Chile Author-Name: Davide Neri Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy Author-Name: Marina Gambardella Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fruticulture and Oenology, Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Santiago, Chile Title: Effect of low temperature in the first development stage for five red raspberry genotypes Abstract: In raspberry, the expression of the primocane fruiting trait is influenced by the environment. Although there are several factors that influence the expression of this character, it is well known that low temperatures that occur during the growth season of the primocane, are important and affect the flowering. In this study, plants in their early stages of development were exposed to low temperatures (2°C) for one month, in a dark cold chamber. The following genotypes primocane and floricane were used: 'UC103', 'Autumn Bliss', 'Heritage', 'Meeker' and 'Tulameen'. Flowering and growth were recorded until the end of the season and the morphology of the meristem was characterized in this moment. Interaction between cold and genotype was detected in all parameters studied. In 'Heritage', a slight primocane, growth and flowering were favoured by exposure to cold. Thereby, low temperature affects flowering, but this effect depends on primocane fruiting degree of each genotype, slight primocane the cold favored flowering and growth. However, strongly primocane the cold had no effect on flowering and growth. Keywords: flowering, induction, primocane fruiting, vernalization Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 9-16 Volume: 46 Issue: 1 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/9/2018-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/9/2018-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201901-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:46:y:2019:i:1:id:9-2018-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zhenchao Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Vegetables, Zhenjiang Agricultural Research Institute. Jurong, Jiangsu Province, China Author-Name: Chunqing Sun Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Vegetables, Zhenjiang Agricultural Research Institute. Jurong, Jiangsu Province, China Author-Name: Yuemei Yao Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Vegetables, Zhenjiang Agricultural Research Institute. Jurong, Jiangsu Province, China Author-Name: Zhongliang Mao Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Vegetables, Zhenjiang Agricultural Research Institute. Jurong, Jiangsu Province, China Author-Name: Guosheng Sun Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Vegetables, Zhenjiang Agricultural Research Institute. Jurong, Jiangsu Province, China Author-Name: Zhongliang Dai Title: Red anthocyanins contents and the relationships with phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity, soluble sugar and chlorophyll contents in carmine radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Abstract: Red anthocyanins from Carmine radish is rich both in root flesh and peel and it is relatively simple and efficient to extract these compounds. The accumulation, distribution and content of anthocyanins in root are related to phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity, soluble sugar and chlorophyll contents. The results showed that anthocyanins were synthesized at the first day of seed germination and were most abundant in the top of hypocotyls. The content of anthocyanins was higher in the root peel than in flesh and root apex, and in aboveground parts compared with underground sections. The anthocyanins contents in cotyledon grown under light and dark and hypocotyls grown in the dark increased initially and then reduced, and in roots grown under light was higher than in those grown in the dark. Chlorophyll content in leaves fluctuated but increased overall, whereas it was almost unchanged in the petioles. The correlations between anthocyanins content and PAL activity, soluble sugar and chlorophyll contents in different treatments showed positive by Day 4 then negative. These results are helpful to understand the mechanism of anthocyanins biosynthesis in carmine radish. Keywords: carmine radish, anthocyanins, PAL, soluble sugar, relationship Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 17-25 Volume: 46 Issue: 1 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/202/2017-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/202/2017-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201901-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:46:y:2019:i:1:id:202-2017-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lijuan Xie Author-Workplace-Name: School of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, China Author-Name: Hua Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: School of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, China Author-Name: Deying Li Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA Title: Physiological responses of garden roses to hot and humid conditions Abstract: Garden roses do not grow well under hot and humid conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate the physiological responses of 'Marie Curie' and 'Lapjau' to high temperatures and relative humidity. The study included temperatures of 25/18°C (day/night) and 35/28°C (day/night), and relative humidity of 70% and 100%. 'Marie Curie' was more tolerant to heat stress than 'Lapjau' based on relative electrolyte leakage (REL), malondialdehyde (MDA), and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD). The heat tolerance of cultivars also was confirmed by the levels of chlorophyll content and the net photosynthesis rate. Both cultivars were more stressed under more water vapour deficit than saturated vapour at 35/28°C (day/night), while at 25/18°C (day/night) the cultivars were more stressed under saturated humidity condition than at 70% relative humidity. In conclusion, combined hot and saturated humidity does not necessarily result in increased stress over separated heat or humidity elevations to the garden roses. Rose growers can use this information in regions where hot and humid conditions concur. Keywords: abiotic stress, heat, Rosa, water vapour Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 26-33 Volume: 46 Issue: 1 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/200/2017-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/200/2017-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201901-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:46:y:2019:i:1:id:200-2017-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Dubský Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Breeding and Growing Technologies, Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Průhonice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Šárka Chaloupková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Breeding and Growing Technologies, Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Průhonice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Lukáš Kaplan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Stanislava Vondráčková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavel Tlustoš Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Use of solid phase of digestate for production of growing horticultural substrates Abstract: Solid phase of digestate (SD) of agricultural biogas plants, containing undecomposed fibrous fractions of organic matter, is usable as a constituent of growing substrates. The content of soluble salts and available nutrients is limiting for SD addition into growing substrates. For addition of SD with initial 80% moisture its content of ammonium nitrogen and available potassium is limiting. The SD with natural moistness can be used in peat based substrates up to 10% volume. The content of ammonium nitrogen during the drying of SD with the use of waste heat from biogas plants is decreased. Optimal proportion of dry SD (dSD) in peat based substrates ranged from 20 to 40% volume. Peat based substrates with 20% volume of dSD had suitable physical and chemical (e.g. content of available potassium < 300 mg/l) properties. These dSD-peat growing substrates have been successfully tested in greenhouse experiments with pot plants (Petunia, Impatiens, and Pelargonium). The addition of dSD to peat based substrates increased air capacity and decreased easily available water content. However, the basic fertilization of the dSD-peat growing substrates is necessary to optimize the content of nutrients. Keywords: biogas plant, ornamental gardening, plant nutrition, pot plants Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 34-42 Volume: 46 Issue: 1 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/221/2016-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/221/2016-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201901-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:46:y:2019:i:1:id:221-2016-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniel El Chami Author-Workplace-Name: Timac Agro Italia, Ripalta Arpina, Italy Author-Name: Jerry W. Knox Author-Workplace-Name: Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK Author-Name: André Daccache Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, California, USA Author-Name: Edward Keith Weatherhead Author-Workplace-Name: Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK Title: Assessing the financial and environmental impacts of precision irrigation in a humid climate Abstract: Precision agriculture is increasingly used where in-field spatial variability exists; however, the benefits of its use in humid climates are less apparent. This paper reports on a cost-benefit assessment of precision irrigation with variable rate technique (VRI) versus conventional irrigation, both compared to rainfed production, using a travelling hose-reel irrigator fitted with a boom on onions in eastern England. Selected environmental outcomes including water savings and CO2e emissions are evaluated. The modelled precision irrigation system, which responds to soil variability, generates better environmental outcomes than the conventional system in terms of water savings and reduced CO2e emissions (22.6% and 23.0% lower, respectively). There is also an increase in the 'added value' of the irrigation water used (£3.02/m3 versus £2.36/m3). Although precision irrigation leads to significant financial benefits from water and energy savings, these alone do not justify the additional equipment investment costs. However, any changes in yield or quality benefits, equipment costs or greater soil variability than on this site would make investment in precision irrigation more viable. Keywords: variable rate irrigation, spatial soil variability, environmental impact, cost-benefit analysis Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 43-52 Volume: 46 Issue: 1 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/116/2017-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/116/2017-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201901-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:46:y:2019:i:1:id:116-2017-HORTSCI