Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alois Bilavčík Author-Name: Jiří Zámečník Author-Workplace-Name: Physiology and Cryobiology of Plants Department, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Miloš Faltus Author-Workplace-Name: Physiology and Cryobiology of Plants Department, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Petra Jadrná Author-Workplace-Name: Physiology and Cryobiology of Plants Department, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Analysis of freezable water content by DSC for apple dormant bud cryopreservation Abstract: Dormant bud cryopreservation is a valuable tool for the germplasm of temperate trees preservation. Freezable water content, as an important cryopreservation characteristic, was analysed by DSC. Scions of modern apple tree varieties (Malus domestica) were collected during the winter season from orchards, freeze-dehydrated to 26-32% of water content at -5°C and cryopreserved by the two-step procedure. Samples were rehydrated in moist peat after 4 months of cryopreservation and grafted on rootstocks in a field. Regeneration by sprouting buds on rootstocks was evaluated. The varieties were divided into three groups according to their water content and percentage of crystallized water. The regeneration in the three groups decreased with decreasing bud water content. Regeneration was higher than 80% in most of the varieties and reached 100% in almost 1/3 of the tested varieties. In only one variety, was regeneration lower than 40%, which is still a high regeneration rate for considering apple genotypes as successfully cryopreserved. According to this study, the two-step cryoprotocol was successfully optimized for Central European conditions. Keywords: apple tree, vegetatively propagated species, winter dormancy, conservation, cryopreservation techniques, differential scanning calorimetry Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 163-170 Volume: 46 Issue: 4 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/146/2018-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/146/2018-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201904-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:46:y:2019:i:4:id:146-2018-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luděk Laňar Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd., Holovousy, Czech Republic Author-Name: Martin Mészáros Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd., Holovousy, Czech Republic Author-Name: Klára Kyselová Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd., Holovousy, Czech Republic Author-Name: Josef Sus Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jan Náměstek Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd., Holovousy, Czech Republic Author-Name: Hana Bělíková Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd., Holovousy, Czech Republic Author-Name: Patrik Čonka Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd., Holovousy, Czech Republic Title: Leaf pinching and phytohormones - two important components for the branching induction on sweet cherry Abstract: The promising branching agent cyclanilide [1-(2,4-dichlorophenylaminocarbonyl)-cyclopropane carboxylic acid] is not permitted in the EU and the low vigour rootstocks preferred by growers make the branching of young sweet cherry (Prunus avium) trees difficult in the temperate zone production regions. To increase the number and length of new branches ("feathers") on such trees, chemical (6-benzyladenine [BA], gibberellic acid [GA4/7]), mechanical (leaf pinching, summer notching) and various combined treatments were tested from 2015-2018. The numbers of feathers divided into three different lengths (1-10 cm, 10-30 cm and > 30 cm) were assessed as the main indicator of quality, supplemented with other morphological characteristics. Summer notching induced an insufficient number of feathers and led to some negative effects on the trees. The number of feathers from BA or BA with GA4/7 treatment also was insufficient. The effect of pinching alone was variable. The number of all feathers generally was highest when pinching was combined with BA, regardless of the year or cultivar. Keywords: Prunus avium, notching, sylleptic branching, benzyladenine, surfactant Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 171-179 Volume: 46 Issue: 4 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/12/2019-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/12/2019-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201904-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:46:y:2019:i:4:id:12-2019-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cheng Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China Author-Name: You-Hua Long Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Qiu-Ping Wang Author-Workplace-Name: Guizhou Vocational College of Agriculture, Qingzhen, Guizhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Jiao-Hong Li Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Hua-Ming An Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Xiao-Mao Wu Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Ming Li Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Engineering Technology of Kiwifruit, Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China Title: The effect of preharvest 28.6% chitosan composite film sprays for controlling the soft rot on kiwifruit Abstract: This study evaluated the effects of preharvest plant 28.6% chitosan composite film (CTS-Fh) sprays on the postharvest quality and diseases in kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa cv. 'Guichang'), it was screened and prepared by mixing chitosan, calcium, dextrin, ferulic acid and auxiliaries. 28.6% CTS-Fh solutions at different concentrations were sprayed three times during the fruit growing season. The obtained results show that 28.6% CTS-Fh sprays remarkably promoted the improvement of the yield and quality of the kiwifruit, significantly (P < 0.05) increased the Ca content and firmness, delayed the fruit ripening and softening, and enhanced the storability. Moreover, the kiwifruit soft rot was effectively controlled; the control efficiency was 61.68-88.79%. Additionally, the 28.6% CTS-Fh sprays significantly (P < 0.05) increased the content and activity of some defence-related secondary metabolites and enzymes, and could also increase the cell wall compactness in the kiwifruit. These results suggest that 28.6% CTS-Fh might trigger several defence responses in the kiwifruit against pathogenic infections. The doses of 28.6% CTS-Fh 200-400 dilution times were recommended for the practical application with regards to the production of kiwifruit. Keywords: kiwifruit soft rot, chitosan film, preharvest spray, storage quality Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 180-194 Volume: 46 Issue: 4 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/84/2018-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/84/2018-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201904-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:46:y:2019:i:4:id:84-2018-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michal Skalský Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd., Holovousy, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jana Niedobová Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd., Holovousy, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jan Popelka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of informatics and geoinformtics, Faculty of Environment, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem Title: The efficacy of European fruit lecanium, Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché, 1844) control using natural products Abstract: European fruit lecanium, Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché, 1844) is among the leading worldwide pests of fruits such as plums, currants, jostaberry, grapevine and many others. This study is focused on testing the effectiveness of natural insecticide treatments compared with conventional insecticides on overwintering nymphs of the European fruit lecanium. In February of 2017, two experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions. The tested products were Boundary SW® (plant extract), Konflic® (plant extract), Ekol® (canola oil) and a tank-mix of Ekol® + Reldan 22® (canola oil and chlorpyrifos-methyl) as a chemical standard. The most effective product tested was the chemical standard tank-mix of Ekol® and Reldan 22®, which was 100% effective in all experiments. High efficiency was also achieved with Ekol® (canola oil) in high concentrations. We can summarize, that using canola oil in high concentration has almost the same effect as the chemical standard. Using canola oil against European fruit lecanium meets the principles of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and also the need to design cropping systems that are less dependent on synthetic pesticides. Keywords: pest, orchards, overwintering nymphs, natural insecticides Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 195-200 Volume: 46 Issue: 4 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/215/2017-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/215/2017-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201904-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:46:y:2019:i:4:id:215-2017-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jonas Inderbitzin Author-Workplace-Name: Agroscope, Competence Division, Plants and Plant Products, Waedenswil, Switzerland Author-Name: Simone Schütz Author-Workplace-Name: Agroscope, Research Division, Plant Breeding, Waedenswil, Switzerland Author-Name: Nadine Klein Author-Workplace-Name: Agroscope, Research Division, Plant Breeding, Waedenswil, Switzerland Author-Name: Markus Kellerhals Author-Workplace-Name: Agroscope, Research Division, Plant Breeding, Waedenswil, Switzerland Title: Consumer acceptance of disease tolerant apple cultivars Abstract: The current study was designed to compare the consumer acceptance of the three Rvi6 scab-resistant apple cultivars 'Rustica', 'Ariane' and 'Ladina' with the two standard disease-susceptible cultivars 'Braeburn' and 'Mariella'. A consumer test with 189 participants, using written questionnaires, was carried out alongside a sensory descriptive analysis with a trained panel. For appearance acceptance 'Ariane' reached the highest score. Three distinct groups of consumers with different visual preferences were found using hierarchical cluster analysis. In terms of eating quality 'Mariella' was liked the most. Yet again, three groups were found, with specific preferences regarding textural and taste properties. Participants also responded to questions concerning apple consumption and demographics. Significant effects of these parameters on cultivar likings were found. The study showed that there are scab resistant apples which are well accepted and therefore could be equal or superior alternatives to disease susceptible cultivars from a consumer's point of view. Keywords: apple scab, fire blight, sensory analysis, consumer segmentation Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 201-207 Volume: 46 Issue: 4 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/97/2018-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/97/2018-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201904-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:46:y:2019:i:4:id:97-2018-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alena F. Lukács Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary Author-Name: Gábor M. Kovács Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary Title: Effect of aboveground plant conditioner treatment on arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of tomato and pepper Abstract: We aimed to test the hypothesis that treatment with an aboveground plant conditioner has an effect on important vegetable crops inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and on their colonization by AMF. Potting experiments were set with pepper and tomato plants inoculated with commercial AMF inoculum and plants were treated with an aboveground plant conditioner. After harvesting, the dry weight of shoots and roots were measured, and the AMF colonization of the roots was quantified. We found a significant effect of the treatment on fungal colonization: the AMF colonization, the hyphal colonization rate and the frequency of the arbuscules in the roots of both vegetables were lower when aboveground plant conditioner was applied. Although the two species differed, no significant effect of the treatment on the growth of the plants was detected. Based on our findings we assumed that the lower AMF colonization more greatly influenced the growth of the pepper cultivar studied. We demonstrated that treatment with a commercial aboveground plant conditioner had an antagonistic effect on AMF colonization, which, in addition to many other effects, might influence the growth vegetable crops. The interaction of different practices applied simultaneously should be tested to effectively help the development suitable agriculture systems. Keywords: biopharming, horticulture, inoculation, symbiosis, vegetables Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 208-214 Volume: 46 Issue: 4 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/4/2019-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4/2019-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201904-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:46:y:2019:i:4:id:4-2019-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ilknur Korkutal Author-Workplace-Name: Namik Kemal University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Horticulture, Tekirdag, Turkey Author-Name: Elman Bahar Author-Workplace-Name: Namik Kemal University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Horticulture, Tekirdag, Turkey Author-Name: Alain Carbonneau Author-Workplace-Name: Agro M, Viticulture-Oenologie (retired), Montpellier Cedex, France Title: Early water stress effects on pollen viability, berry set and embryo development in cv. 'Syrah' (Vitis vinifera L.) Abstract: Early water deficit at bloom results in poor berry set and/or a grape yield reduction. The purpose of this work was to determine the effects of early water stress in a berry's development. The experiment was carried out in a SupAgro ECOTRON System in Montpellier, France. Seven year- old 'Syrah' vines were used. The pot's surface was protected from rainfall, and the growing medium was perlite+coarse sand with controlled drainage. The treatments were WS0 (control): 4 l/day, WS1: 3 l/day, WS2: 2 l/day, and WS3: 1 l/day. The water deficit was carried out from the 17th to the 27th Eichhorn-Lorenz (E-L) stages. In order to emphasise details of the embryo development, a paraffin section method and technique was used. With the early water stress, there was no effect on the pollen viability and pollen germination ratios. The berry set ratio was reduced and the berry development were affected negatively by the early water stress. Between the 19th and the 27th E-L stages, an early water stress in 'Syrah' was noted, with decreases in the pre-dawn leaf water potential values below -0.8 MPa. The water deficit affected the berry growth and the development negatively. Keywords: early water deficit, cv. 'Syrah', berry development, grapevine, Vitis vinifera L Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 215-223 Volume: 46 Issue: 4 Year: 2019 DOI: 10.17221/110/2018-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/110/2018-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-201904-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:46:y:2019:i:4:id:110-2018-HORTSCI