Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Md Jebu Mia Author-Workplace-Name: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy Author-Name: Francesca Massetani Author-Workplace-Name: HORT Soc. Coop., Ancona, Italy Author-Name: Giorgio Murri Author-Workplace-Name: Azienda Agraria didattico sperimentale, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy Author-Name: Davide Neri Author-Workplace-Name: Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy Title: Sustainable alternatives to chemicals for weed control in the orchard - a Review Abstract: This review is designed to address various alternative weed-control practices and their possibilities in the fruit orchard in terms of sustainability. Correct weed management and maintenance of adequate orchard biodiversity are crucial for sustainable orchard soil management. The key is to practice an alternative weed-management approach (single or integrated) rather than to use possibly harmful chemicals only. Integration of modern equipment with a shallow tillage system can provide effective weed control in tree rows, including optimised tree performance and soil biodiversity. Living mulch suppresses weeds and enhances orchard biodiversity, while selection of less competitive and less pest-attracting species is crucial. Plastic covers offer long-term weed control, but additional nutrient amendments are required to maintain the balanced fertility of the soil. Wood chip mulch is suggested where the materials are available on or near the farm, and where there is lower incidence of perennial weeds. High pressure water and robotic systems are still in their infancy for fruit orchards, and required more research to confirm their efficiency. Keywords: biodiversity, soil quality, integrated mowing, mulching, precision weed control Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 1-12 Volume: 47 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/29/2019-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/29/2019-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-202001-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:47:y:2020:i:1:id:29-2019-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jitka Blažková Author-Name: Adéla Skřivanová Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy, Holovousy, Czech Republic Author-Name: Pavol Suran Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy, Holovousy, Czech Republic Author-Name: Lubor Zelený Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy, Holovousy, Czech Republic Author-Name: František Paprštein Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy, Holovousy, Czech Republic Title: Long-term evaluation of rootstock effects on cropping and tree parameters of selected sweet cherry cultivars Abstract: The cropping of six sweet cherry cultivars that originated in the Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology at Holovousy, and a standard one, 'Burlat', were evaluated on three rootstocks in the period of 2007-2017. Trees planted in a spacing of 1.5 m × 5.0 m were trained as tall spindle axes utilising their natural tendency to develop a central leader. On the standard rootstock, P-TU-2, 'Tim' was the most productive with a mean total harvest of 47.6 kg per tree. 'Sandra' yielded the most on the PHLC rootstock with 56.2 kg per tree and 'Helga' yielded the most on Gisela 5 with a mean total harvest of 55.9 kg per tree. The mean impact of the rootstock on the tree vigour, measured upon the trunk cross section area, ranged from 148.4 cm2 on the standard rootstock P-TU-2 to 114.1 cm2 on the PHLC and 125.2 cm2 on Gisela 5 . On the standard rootstock P-TU-2, the most vigorous one according to this criterion was 'Jacinta' (178.0 cm2) whereas 'Justyna' (109.7 cm2) was the least vigorous. On the PHLC, the most vigorous was 'Sandra' (147.2 cm2) and the least was 'Amid' (94.0 cm2). The other tree characteristics were mainly dependant on the cultivar and minimally, or not at all, influenced by the rootstock vigour. Keywords: growth habit, length of spurs, tree canopy density, tree size, fruit yield, Prunus avium Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 13-20 Volume: 47 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/39/2018-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/39/2018-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-202001-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:47:y:2020:i:1:id:39-2018-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Orsolya Borsai Author-Workplace-Name: Life Sciences Institute, Research Center for Biotechnology in Agriculture affiliated to Romanian Academy, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Author-Workplace-Name: AgroTransilvania Cluster, Dezmir, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Author-Name: Monica Hârța Author-Workplace-Name: Life Sciences Institute, Research Center for Biotechnology in Agriculture affiliated to Romanian Academy, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Author-Name: Katalin Szabo Author-Workplace-Name: Life Sciences Institute, Research Center for Biotechnology in Agriculture affiliated to Romanian Academy, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Author-Name: Cristina-Daniela Kelemen Author-Workplace-Name: Life Sciences Institute, Research Center for Biotechnology in Agriculture affiliated to Romanian Academy, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Author-Name: Flavia Andreea Andrecan Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Advanced Horticultural Research of Transylvania, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Author-Name: Maria-Maruni Codrea Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Advanced Horticultural Research of Transylvania, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Author-Name: Doina Clapa Author-Workplace-Name: Life Sciences Institute, Research Center for Biotechnology in Agriculture affiliated to Romanian Academy, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Advanced Horticultural Research of Transylvania, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Title: Evaluation of genetic fidelity of in vitro-propagated blackberry plants using RAPD and SRAP molecular markers Abstract: The aim of this research was to evaluate the genetic uniformity of blackberry plants (Rubus fruticosus L. 'Loch Ness' and 'Chester Thornless') obtained by micropropagation. Genetic uniformity was analysed by using RAPD and SRAP markers. For the in vitro multiplication, the slightly modified Murashige and Skoog (1962) basal medium was used, supplemented with 0.5 mg/l 6-Benzyladenine (BA), prepared with tap water and 50 g/l wheat starch as the gelling agent. This culture medium ensured the regeneration of well-developed plantlets, with multiplication rates of more than 42 for both cultivars. The in vitro multiplication was carried out in 30 months including 12 subcultures. The plants obtained from the 3rd and 11th subcultures were compared with the mother plants using 64 SRAP primer combinations (eight forward and eight reverse primers) and 20 RAPD primers to check their genetic fidelity. The amplification products were monomorphic in the micropropagated plants and the mother plant. No polymorphism was detected, thus proving the genetic fidelity and uniformity of the micropropagated plants. Keywords: Rubus, 'Chester', 'Loch Ness', SRAP, RAPD, tissue culture Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 21-27 Volume: 47 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/20/2019-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/20/2019-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-202001-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:47:y:2020:i:1:id:20-2019-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daymara Rodríguez-Alfonso Author-Workplace-Name: Agrarian University of Havana, San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba Author-Name: Miriam Isidrón-Pérez Author-Workplace-Name: Agrarian University of Havana, San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba Author-Name: Odalys Barrios Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Fundamental Research in Tropical Agriculture "Alejandro de Humboldt" (INIFAT), Boyeros, Havana, Cuba Author-Name: Zoila Fundora Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Fundamental Research in Tropical Agriculture "Alejandro de Humboldt" (INIFAT), Boyeros, Havana, Cuba Author-Name: José Ignacio Hormaza Author-Workplace-Name: Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora (IHSM la Mayora-CSIC-UMA), Málaga, Spain Author-Name: María José Grajal-Martín Author-Workplace-Name: Canarian Institute of Agrarian Research, Tenerife, Spain Author-Name: Lisset Herrera-Isidrón Author-Workplace-Name: Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Guanajuato, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIIG-IPN), Silao de la Victoria, Guanajuato, México Title: Minimal morphoagronomic descriptors for Cuban pineapple germplasm characterisation Abstract: A set of minimum descriptors allow for the rapid characterisation of germplasm facilitating the conservation and use of plant material. The objective of this work was to establish a list of minimum descriptors to facilitate the morphological characterisation of the ex situ pineapple collection in Cuba. Therefore, 48 pineapple accessions were characterised according to the morphoagronomic descriptors established by the International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR). The data were processed by Multivariate Analysis, where a Multiple Principal Components Analysis was used for the qualitative and quantitative traits. A list with 14 minimum descriptors was proposed. The leaf's colour, the thickness of the longest leaf, the distribution of the spines, the fruit shape, the fruit colour when ripe, the flesh colour, the weight of fruit flesh, eye form, the fruit height, the fruit diameter, the fruitlet shape, the core diameter, the total soluble solids of the fruit, and the crown weight/fruit weight ratio were selected as the minimum descriptors. Because most of the descriptors refer to the pineapple's genetic improvement or commercialisation aspects, it could be a useful tool for scientists and producers. Keywords: Ananas comosus var. comosus, genetic resources, germplasm evaluation, accessions, descriptors Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 28-35 Volume: 47 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/27/2019-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/27/2019-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-202001-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:47:y:2020:i:1:id:27-2019-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Branimir Urlić Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Split, Croatia Author-Name: Marko Runjić Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Split, Croatia Author-Name: Katja Žanić Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Split, Croatia Author-Name: Marija Mandušić Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Split, Croatia Author-Name: Gabriela Vuletin Selak Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Split, Croatia Author-Name: Igor Pasković Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Poreč, Croatia Author-Name: Gvozden Dumičić Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Split, Croatia Title: Effect of partial root-zone drying on grafted tomato in commercial greenhouse Abstract: For two years, the tomatoes (cv. 'Belle' and 'Clarabella'), ungrafted, self-grafted and grafted onto the 'He-man' rootstock, were grown under two irrigation regimes, i.e., partial-root zone drying (PRD) and fully irrigated (FI), to investigate whether grafting can alleviate drought stress and promote water-use efficiency (WUE). The grafted plants under the FI regime had the highest vegetative growth, which was the result of more leaves and greater leaf area and were only significantly different from the PRD grown ungrafted plants. The grafted plants had the highest yield as a result of the greater number of larger fruits and the yield did not differ between the irrigation treatments. No differences were found in the leaf NPK concentrations, while the Ca and Mg were higher under the PRD regime. The ungrafted plants under the PRD regime had the highest total soluble solids and acidity in the fruit juice. The grafted plants had a significantly higher WUE, more pronounced in the PRD regime. The different types of irrigation did not influence the vegetative growth and the yield in the greenhouse grown grafted tomato. The PRD and rootstock effects should be additionally investigated with deficit irrigation. Keywords: rootstock, vegetative growth, yield, water-use efficiency, fruit quality Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 36-44 Volume: 47 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/130/2018-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/130/2018-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-202001-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:47:y:2020:i:1:id:130-2018-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emina Mladenović Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fruit Science, Viticulture, Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: Sandra Cvejić Author-Workplace-Name: Industrial Crops Department, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: Siniša Jocić Author-Workplace-Name: Industrial Crops Department, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: Nemanja Ćuk Author-Workplace-Name: Industrial Crops Department, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: Jelena Čukanović Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fruit Science, Viticulture, Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: Milan Jocković Author-Workplace-Name: Industrial Crops Department, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia Author-Name: Ana Marjanović Jeromela Author-Workplace-Name: Industrial Crops Department, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia Title: Effect of plant density on stem and flower quality of single-stem ornamental sunflower genotypes Abstract: The aim of this research was to determine the optimum planting density for the production of high-quality cut flowers with desirable characteristics. 25 single-stem ornamental sunflower genotypes were planted at different densities and evaluated for flowering time, flower diameter, and stem circumference and length over a two-year production cycle. Three spacing patterns were used: 25 × 25 cm, 30 × 30 cm, and 70 × 30 cm, which led to the planting densities of 160 000, 90 000, and 60 000 plants/ha, respectively. The plant density had the most important effect on the stem circumference, flower diameter, and stem length (total variation 52, 60, and 58%, AMMI analysis) and a small effect on the flowering time (total variation 1%, AMMI analysis). Based on environment-focused scaling, all high-density environments could be suitable for the production of single-stem sunflower genotypes. The results demonstrated the adaptation of several sunflower genotypes G9, G11, G12, G21, and G22 as the most suitable based on the optimum flower diameter, stem circumference, and stem length. These results may lead to progress in growing ornamental sunflowers as a cut flower. Keywords: ornamental sunflower, plant density, genotype, cut flower Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 45-52 Volume: 47 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/10/2019-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10/2019-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-202001-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:47:y:2020:i:1:id:10-2019-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Md. Raihan Talukder Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh Author-Workplace-Name: United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Koyama-cho, Minami Tottori, Tottori, Japan Author-Name: Md. Asaduzzaman Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan Author-Workplace-Name: Horticulture Research Center, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh Author-Name: Makoto Ueno Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan Author-Name: Hideyuki Tanaka Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan Author-Name: Toshiki Asao Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan Title: Alleviation of allelochemical stress-induced growth inhibition and oxidative damage in lettuce under closed hydroponics through electro-degradation Abstract: Successive lettuce cultivation in closed hydroponics using the same nutrient solution causes the excess production and accumulation of allelochemicals. The accumulated allelochemicals induce oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation in plants leading to growth inhibition. In this study, we investigated the allelochemicals that induced oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation in lettuce grown in a once used non-renewed nutrient solution (1NR) and a twice used non-renewed nutrient solution (2NR) obtained from the successive cultivation and the alleviation of these damages through electro-degradation (ED). The 1NR solution was used for six weeks for a one-time lettuce cultivation while the 2NR solution was used for twelve weeks for a two-times lettuce cultivation. The results showed that the allelochemical stress caused growth inhibition in the lettuce in both the 1NR and 2NR solutions. It was observed that there was a higher generation of H2O2 and O2.- as well as a lower activity of the antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in the roots of the plants grown in both the 1NR and 2NR solutions compared to plants grown in the new nutrient solution. The higher level of lipid peroxidation due to the higher MDA (malondialdehyde) content and higher soluble protein content were also observed in the roots of those plants. It was evident that lettuce root damage occurred due to accumulation of the allelochemicals in the 1NR and 2NR solutions. These damaged roots could not function normally nor uptake water and minerals from the culture solution. As a result, retarded lettuce growth was observed in the 1NR and 2NR solutions. The oxidative damage, soluble protein content, lipid peroxidation and ultimately growth retardation were more pronounced in the plants grown in the 2NR solution compared to the plants grown in the 1NR solution. The application of ED to the 1NR and 2NR solutions maintained the plant growth through less oxidative damage, soluble protein production and lipid peroxidation as was observed in the plants grown with the new nutrient solution. Therefore, the ED of a non-renewed culture solution would alleviate the allelochemical stress in lettuce under recycled hydroponics. Keywords: lettuce, closed hydroponics, enzyme reactions, allelochemical stress, oxidative damage Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 53-68 Volume: 47 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/32/2019-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/32/2019-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-202001-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:47:y:2020:i:1:id:32-2019-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Khethani Give Mhelembe Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Council Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa Author-Name: Johan Hendrik Kriel Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Council Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa Author-Name: Cecilia Bester Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Council Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa Author-Name: Rouvay Roodt-Wilding Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa Author-Name: Esmé Denise Louw Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticultural Science, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa Author-Name: Kenneth Richard Tobutt Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural Research Council Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa Title: Molecular characterisation of apple accessions with respect to aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase gene (ACS1) polymorphism Abstract: The ARC apple gene bank collection was genotyped for the fruit expressed gene ACS1, in which a short-interspersed element (SINE) in the promoter is known, when homozygous, to correlate with the delayed ethylene production. Primers were designed amplifying products less than 500 bp and 224 cultivars of domestic apple were analysed, 169 not previously genotyped. Of these, 82 were aa (homozygous for the high ethylene allele at 202 bp), 73 were ab and 14 bb (homozygous for the low ethylene allele, with the SINE, at 339 bp). The difference between the allele sizes, 137 bp, observed in the current study is consistent with the indel of 138 bp originally described, but differs considerably from the indel of 166 bp reported in literature. In addition, 21 accessions of other Malus species were analysed. Only one, M. 'Golden Hornet', had the b allele, which suggests it may have been introgressed from M. pumila. Keywords: apple, fruit quality, genotyping, storability, Malus sp., marker-assisted selection Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 69-79 Volume: 47 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 DOI: 10.17221/83/2018-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/83/2018-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-202001-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:47:y:2020:i:1:id:83-2018-HORTSCI