Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Muhammad Azeem Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning Province, P.R. China Author-Name: Zongshan Zhou Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning Province, P.R. China Author-Name: Junxiang Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning Province, P.R. China Author-Name: Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Crop Protection, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan Author-Name: Ji Zhi Rui Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning Province, P.R. China Author-Name: Allah Jurio Khaskheli Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Crop Production, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan Author-Name: Safdar Ali Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning Province, P.R. China Title: Pathogenic and biological characterisation of T-DNA insertional mutants of a Colletotrichum gloeosporioides casual organism of apple anthracnose Abstract: Anthracnose leaf spot caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is an important disease of apples, resulting in serious damage to the fruit production. In this paper, the pathogenic and physiological characters of sixteen isolates and the wild isolate "Stj16" were studied. In the current study, we generated C. gloeosporioides strains expressing green fluorescence by introducing a GFP gene via an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT). To confirm the subcellular localisation of the A2799 gene, an A2799gfp fusion expression mutant was constructed. After observation of the fusion expression, the A2799gfp fusion expression protein was located in the peroxisomes of the cell. The pathogenicity results showed that the mutants A4204, M44, A1919, A3638 and A1598 lost the pathogenic capability and virulence, however, the virulence of the mutants A1764, A439, A3885, G1183, A3144, A1649 and A2675 increased significantly to the apple fruits compared to the wild isolate "Stj16". The biological study indicated that a Rose Bengal Agar (RBA) medium decreased the mycelium growth, but it can increase the sporulation for most of the isolates. The mutant A4204 does not grow well at pH 4.0 and pH 8.0, and mutant M44 just has the optimum growth at pH 8.0, and a 12 h light and 12 h dark condition stimulates the sporulation for most of the tested mutants, but the A1764 mutant more sporulated at regular dark conditions. All the mutants and "Stj16" grew vigorously at 25 °C-30 °C, for "Stj16", it produced the highest number of conidia at 30 °C compared with the other temperatures. Based on the biological study, we found the best growing and sporulation conditions for all the tested isolates. The information generated in the present study will facilitate molecular research on this devastating fungus. Keywords: leaf spot, subcellular gene location, virulence, sporulation, optimum conditions Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 51-62 Volume: 48 Issue: 2 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/82/2020-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/82/2020-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-202102-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:48:y:2021:i:2:id:82-2020-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jiangli Shi Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Zhidan Dong Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Chunhui Song Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Beiyang Xie Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Xianbo Zheng Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Shangwei Song Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Jian Jiao Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Miaomiao Wang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China Author-Name: Tuanhui Bai Title: Establishment of an efficient micropropagation system in enhancing rooting efficiency via stem cuttings of apple rootstock M9T337 Abstract: Rootstocks play a vital role in regulating the environmental adaptability and controlling the growth and development of apple trees. M9T337, an excellent apple rootstock widely used in commercial orchards, could confer dwarf tree architectures, early fruiting and suitability for high-density planting. However, the rooting ability of M9T3337 is low when it is vegetatively propagated, and researchers have not yet established an efficient micropropagation system. The present study systematically evaluated the multiplication in adventitious shoots and the in vitro formation of adventitious roots to determine the effects of the culture media and plant growth regulators of M9T337 and a rapid micropropagation system was developed. For the shoot multiplication, the highest multiplication index of 3.93 was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 6-BA, 0.1 mg/L NAA and 0.3 mg/L GA3 from 12 combinations of 6-BA and NAA. Stronger and taller adventitious shoots were grown on MS supplemented with 1.8 mg/L 6-BA and 0.5 mg/L NAA. The optimal media with 100% rooting was obtained using 1/2 MS supplemented with 0.3 mg/L IBA or MS supplemented with 0.6 mg/L IBA for the rooting induction, resulting in mean rooting numbers of 13.00 and 11.33, respectively. Additionally, the effect on rooting of adding 0.3 mg/L IBA or not on the 1/2 MS and MS media was compared; the results suggested that an appropriate IBA concentration was the key to successful rooting. The rooted plantlets were acclimatised in a shaded greenhouse with an 84% survival rate. The established micropropagation system could be used for the rapid propagation of M9T337 for commercial production. Keywords: regeneration, tissue culture, rooting induction, IBA Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 63-72 Volume: 48 Issue: 2 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/106/2020-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/106/2020-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-202102-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:48:y:2021:i:2:id:106-2020-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nikola Saraginovski Author-Name: Marjan Kiprijanovski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fruit Growing, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia Title: The effect of the short pruning on the yield and quality of the fruits at the peach tree Abstract: The aim of our research was to determine the effect of short pruning on the productive and vegetative characteristics of peach trees. The research was conducted on two cultivars, 'Redhaven' and 'Fayette'. Three short pruning treatments were applied, with heading of the bearing branches at 20, 30, and 40 cm in length and a control, without heading. The following characteristics were evaluated: the growth of the TCSA, the number of thinned fruitlets, the number of fruit and yield per tree, the average weight of the fruits and the diameter of the fruits. Based on our research, we made several observations: the pruning method did not affect the growth of the TCSA; the number of thinned fruitlets decreased with a reduction in the length of the bearing branches; the number of fruits and yield per tree decreased with a reduction in the length of the bearing branches. A higher average fruit weight and percentage of fruits with a bigger diameter were calculated from the trees with the short pruning, but with a different share depending on the cultivar. Keywords: Prunus persica L., productivity, tree growth, shoot heading Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 73-79 Volume: 48 Issue: 2 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/158/2019-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/158/2019-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-202102-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:48:y:2021:i:2:id:158-2019-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Armando Hernández Pérez Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Horticultural Department, Saltillo, Coahuila, México Author-Name: Juana Cruz García Santiago Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Horticultural Department, Saltillo, Coahuila, México Author-Name: Valentín Robledo Torres Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Horticultural Department, Saltillo, Coahuila, México Author-Name: Alonso Méndez López Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Botany Department, Saltillo, Coahuila, México Author-Name: Alberto Sandoval Rangel Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Horticultural Department, Saltillo, Coahuila, México Author-Name: Neymar Camposeco Montejo Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Plant Breeding Department, Saltillo, Coahuila, México Title: Nitrate/ammonium ratio effect on the growth, yield and foliar anatomy of grafted tomato plants Abstract: The vigorous behaviour of a rootstock modifies the growth and yield of a plant variety or hybrid, altering the plant nutritional requirements. The purpose of this work was to study four ratios of NO3-/NH4+ (100/0, 92/8, 85/15 and 80/20%) over the growth, leaf anatomy and yield of grafted and ungrafted tomato plants. We used a fully randomised experimental block design with factorial arrangement of 2 × 4 (grafted and ungrafted plants and four ratios of NO3-/NH4+), on eight treatments in total with four replicates each, using Tukey's mean comparison test (P ≤ 0.05). The rootstock was 'Silex' by Fito Seeds, with the 'El Arrojado' graft (variety) by Gene Seeds. The graft produced an increase in growth, dry biomass production, stomatal density, trichome number, epidermal cell density, fruits per plant, average fruit weight, fruit size and total soluble solids, in comparison with the ungrafted tomato plants. In most of the assessed variables, the grafted tomato plants gave their best response at an 85/15% NO3-/NH4+ ratio; while the ungrafted plants performed better at a 92/8% NO3-/NH4+ ratio. The response of the grafted plants to the different NO3-/NH4+ ratios suggests that grafting induces tolerance to NH4+. Keywords: stomatal, Solanum lycopersicum, yield of fruit, trichomes, epidermal cell Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 80-89 Volume: 48 Issue: 2 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/99/2020-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/99/2020-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-202102-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:48:y:2021:i:2:id:99-2020-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xiaoming Zhao Author-Workplace-Name: College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Ning Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture, Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, P.R. China Author-Name: Xin Liu Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Jing Jiang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, P.R. China Title: The effects of K+-deficiency on H2O2 dynamics and sucrose in tomato Abstract: Potassium (K+) deficiency inhibits the transport of photosynthetic products and causes severe crop yield losses. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we used two tomato lines 081018 (K+-deficiency-sensitive) and 081034 (K+-deficiency-tolerant), showing tolerance to K+ deficiency to investigate the relationship between the H2O2 and sucrose in the tomato under K+-deficiency. The H2O2 accumulation was increased by the low K+ condition (0.5 mM) after 8 h in 081018. The enzymes related to the metabolism of H2O2 were decreased, and more malondialdehyde (MDA) was produced. After 24 h, the sucrose content had accumulated significantly in the leaves, however, it was deficient in the roots, and the expression level of the sucrose transporters (SUT1) was inhibited. In 081034, the activity of antioxidant enzymes was increased under K+-deficiency, and then the H2O2 subsequently returned to the control treatment (4 mM) levels and did not produce more MDA. The sucrose content was not significantly different from the control treatment after 24 h. The expression of SUT1 was not suppressed. These results suggested that the H2O2 dynamics played different roles in the two different strains. The transportation of sucrose was suppressed by the H2O2 from the leaf (source) to the root (sink) in 081018, and unrestricted by the advantageous reactive oxygen species dynamics capacity in 081034. Keywords: low K+ stress, oxidation, antioxidant enzyme activity, sucrose transport, SUT1 Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 90-97 Volume: 48 Issue: 2 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/103/2020-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/103/2020-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-202102-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:48:y:2021:i:2:id:103-2020-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alicja Auriga Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland Author-Name: Jacek Wróbel Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland Title: Influence of Tytanit® and EM on biochemical, physiological, and qualitative parameters of common bean Abstract: The role of preparations supporting plant growth is mainly to reduce the harmful effects of various stress factors on plants and to ensure high yields of good quality. This experiment compared the effect of the mineral stimulator Tytanit® and the biological preparation Effective Microorganisms (EM) on the physiological and biochemical activity, as well as the yield of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The photosynthetic pigments, free proline and malondialdehyde were assayed and compared at three phenological phases of the bean: 15 BBCH, 24 BBCH, 65 BBCH. The yield parameters included the average number of pods per plant, as well as their fresh and dry mass. Additionally, the nutrient content in the pods was determined according to the atomic absorption spectrometry method. The study revealed a positive effect of both preparations on increasing the content of chlorophyll a, b, and the carotenoids in the bean leaves. Plants treated with Tytanit® were characterised by the highest content of malondialdehyde and proline, while EM maintained the aldehyde content on a similar level compared to the untreated plants and significantly reduced the proline content. Both preparations significantly decreased the Mn, Mg, P, and Ca content in the pods and did not have a substantial impact on the yield. Keywords: pigments, proline, malondialdehyde, nutrients, yield Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 98-104 Volume: 48 Issue: 2 Year: 2021 DOI: 10.17221/72/2020-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/72/2020-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-202102-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:48:y:2021:i:2:id:72-2020-HORTSCI