Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Waldemar Treder Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Plant Irrigation, The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Krzysztof Klamkowski Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Plant Irrigation, The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Lidia Sas-Paszt Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology and Rhizosphere, The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Katarzyna Wójcik Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Plant Irrigation, The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Anna Tryngiel-Gać Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Plant Irrigation, The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Mateusz Frąc Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology and Rhizosphere, The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Anna Lisek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology and Rhizosphere, The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Krzysztof Górnik Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology and Rhizosphere, The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Edyta Derkowska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology and Rhizosphere, The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Augustyn Mika Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology and Rhizosphere, The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Title: The influence of biofertilization on the vegetative growth, yielding and nutritional status of 'Sampion' apple trees in first years after planting Abstract: The effects of biofertilizers on the growth, yielding, and nutritional status of apple trees (in comparison with the standard mineral fertilization) was evaluated in 3-years experiment (2018-2020). The experiment included the following treatments: (i) Super Fos Dar, (ii) Polifoska 6, (iii) Super Fos Dar + fungi (Aspergillus niger, Purpureocillium lilacinum), (iv) Urea enriched with fungi, (v) Urea dose reduced to 60% enriched with fungi, (vi) Super Fos Dar + bacteria applied on their own to the soil (Bacillus sp., Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Paenibacillus polymyxa), (vii) Super Fos Dar enriched with bacteria, (viii) Super Fos Dar 60% enriched with bacteria, (ix) Polifoska 6 enriched with bacteria, (x) Polifoska 6 60% enriched with bacteria. The application of mineral fertilizers (even in reduced doses) enriched with beneficial microorganisms enhanced the growth of apple trees. The most abundant flowering was recorded when fertilization (with Super Fos Dar) was supplemented with beneficial microorganisms applied to the soil. No significant differences in plant yielding were noted (due to damages caused by spring frosts), but the highest fruit weight was recorded in the case of the trees fertilized with microbiologically enriched Super Fos Dar. Keywords: beneficial microorganisms, tree vigour, Malus domestica, fruit quality Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 91-100 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/101/2021-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/101/2021-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-202302-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:50:y:2023:i:2:id:101-2021-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nayelli Azucena Sigala Aguilar Author-Workplace-Name: Departament of Horticulture, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo, Coahuila, México Author-Name: Jose Antonio Gonzales Fuentes Author-Name: Luis Alonso Valdez Aguilar Author-Workplace-Name: Departament of Horticulture, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo, Coahuila, México Author-Name: Mercedes Guadalupe López Pérez Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the IPN-Irapuato Unit (CINVESTAV), Irapuato, México Author-Name: Julia Medrano Macias Medrano Macias Author-Workplace-Name: Departament of Horticulture, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo, Coahuila, México Author-Name: Adalberto Benavides-Mendoza Benavides Mendoza Author-Workplace-Name: Departament of Horticulture, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo, Coahuila, México Author-Name: Susana González Morales Author-Workplace-Name: CONACYT - Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo, Coahuila, México Title: Effect of elicitors and biostimulants on the content of bioactive compounds in raspberry fruits Abstract: Raspberry has acquired great interest in human health due to its content of bioactive compounds that provide protection against diseases caused by non-communicable diseases. Bioactive compounds are mainly represented by secondary metabolites such as phenols, anthocyanins, and flavonoids. Biostimulants and elicitors are substances or microorganisms that provide protection and defence to the physiological processes of plants. The present study evaluated the effect of two elicitors (hydrogen peroxide, salicylic acid) and three biostimulants (humic and fulvic acids, glutamic acid, seaweed extracts) on the content of bioactive compounds in raspberry fruits, agronomic and fruit yield parameters in plants. Hydrogen peroxide increased the content of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, anthocyanins, omega 3 and oleic acid. Salicylic acid increased the content of flavonoids, anthocyanins, and citric acid in raspberry fruits; the number of fruit loaders and fruits per plant was also increased. Humic and fulvic acids, glutamic acid, and glutamic acid combined with seaweed extracts increased the content of flavonoids and anthocyanins, without affecting growth parameters and fruit yield. Glutamic acid and seaweed extracts were the only treatments that increased the content of palmitic acid, while seaweed extracts increased °Brix content in fruits. Keywords: fulvic acids, humic acids, seaweed extracts, hydrogen peroxide, salicylic acid, oxidative stress Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 101-111 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/98/2021-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/98/2021-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-202302-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:50:y:2023:i:2:id:98-2021-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lidia Sas Paszt Author-Workplace-Name: The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Beata Sumorok Author-Workplace-Name: The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Krzysztof Górnik Author-Workplace-Name: The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Zygmunt S. Grzyb Author-Workplace-Name: The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Anna Lisek Author-Workplace-Name: The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Sławomir Głuszek Author-Workplace-Name: The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Paweł Trzciński Author-Workplace-Name: The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Edyta Derkowska Author-Workplace-Name: The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Mateusz Frąc Author-Workplace-Name: The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Waldemar Treder Author-Workplace-Name: The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Bożena Podlaska Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Fundamental Technological Research PAS, Warszawa, Poland Title: Influence of beneficial soil microorganisms and mineral fertilizers enriched with them on the flowering, fruiting, and physical and chemical parameters of the fruit of three-year-old strawberry plants in field cultivation Abstract: The excessive use of chemicals in plant production, including mineral fertilizers has a harmful effect on the morpho- and physiological state of strawberry plants, their yielding, and the physicochemical properties of the fruit and soil. Increasing the effectiveness of beneficial microorganisms, i.e. filamentous fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and bacteria, is an essential method of reducing the amount of fertilizers used to fertilize the soil. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of beneficial soil microorganisms (filamentous fungi and bacteria) applied alone or together with mineral fertilizers on the morpho- and physiological state of 'Marmolada' strawberry plants, their yielding, and the physico-chemical properties of the fruit. The experiment included the application of fungi (Aspergillus niger and Purpureocillium lilacinum), bacteria (Bacillus sp., Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Paenibacillus polymyxa) alone or together with mineral fertilizers (Polifoska 6, Urea, Super Fos Dar 40). The study investigated the number of inflorescences and flowers, the intensity of the green colour of leaves, fruit yield and weight (g and %), pH, extract (°Brix), titratable acidity (g/100 g), fruit firmness (N), as well as the concentrations of macro-and microelements in the leaves of the plants. The obtained results depend on the type of fertilizer and its concentration. Strains of filamentous fungi or bacterial strains only (without fertilizer), increase the fruit yield by 60 and 35%, respectively. Reduced to 60% doses of Polifoska 6, Urea, and Super Fos Dar 40 combined with beneficial soil microorganisms influence the strawberry fruit yield more beneficially than the fertilizers applied in standard doses (100%). The mineral fertilizers enriched with soil beneficial fungi and bacteria increase the mean fruit weight by 25-30%. Both Super Fos Dar 40 enriched with bacterial strains and Polifoska 6 at 100% positively affect the physical and chemical properties of strawberry fruits. The application of reduced to 60% doses of Fos Dar 40 and Polifoska 6 enriched with beneficial bacterial strains increase the nitrogen and potassium contents in the leaves, respectively. Urea and Super Fos Dar 40 at 100% enriched with beneficial bacteria positively affect magnesium content in the leaves. Application of Polifoska 6 and NPK enriched with bacteria beneficially influences the iron content in the leaves. The calcium content in strawberry leaves decreases due to fertilization. Keywords: fertilization, beneficial microorganisms, fruit yield, fruit quality, Fragaria × ananassa Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 112-126 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/90/2021-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/90/2021-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-202302-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:50:y:2023:i:2:id:90-2021-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Farhad Behtash Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran Author-Name: Hanifeh Seyed Hajizadeh Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran Author-Name: Bagher Tarighi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran Title: Modulation of nutritional and biochemical status of hydroponically grown Cucurbita pepo L. by Calcium Nitrate under saline conditions Abstract: Salinity is one of the critical environmental factors that decreases the water availability and induces nutritional imbalance in crops. In order to study the effect of calcium nitrate [(Ca(NO3)2] in the nutrient solution under salinity conditions, an experiment was designed with different salinity (0, 50, and 100 mM) and Ca(NO3)2 (2, 3, and 4 mM) levels on Cucurbita pepo (zucchini). Based on the results, an increase in the salinity from 0 to 100 mM caused a decrease in the leaf potassium and calcium concentration, whereas the iron, magnesium and zinc concentrations increased. The most effective Ca(NO3)2 level in increasing the nutritional quality and yield of zucchini was 3 and 4 mM. Salinity at 50 and 100 mM significantly increased the leaf sodium concentration and leaf area as well as the leaf number per plant, while the application of both Ca(NO3)2 levels modulated the harmful effects of salinity. The amount of malondialdehyde (MDA), proline and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as well as the catalase (CAT) activity increased under the severe salinity conditions, whereas the application of 4 mM Ca(NO3)2 had the potential of removing the negative effects of severe salinity. The catalase activity increased along with the increase in the Ca(NO3)2 concentration, which was independent from the salinity level. However, the amount of proline, MDA and H2O2 decreased in plants fed with 3 and 4 mM Ca(NO3)2 compared to the control in the presence of salinity. These findings suggest that both the 3 and 4 mM concentrations of Ca(NO3)2 under 50 mM salinity could be used to improve the zucchini performance by maintaining the ion homeostasis and inducing the antioxidant defence system. Keywords: nutritional balance, zucchini, antioxidant enzyme, NaCl, Ca(NO3)2, leaf area index Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 127-141 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/105/2021-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/105/2021-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-202302-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:50:y:2023:i:2:id:105-2021-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anamika Chandel Author-Name: Akhilesh Sharma Author-Name: Parveen Sharma Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Vegetable Science & Floriculture, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India Author-Name: Surinder Singh Rana Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India Author-Name: Ranbir Singh Rana Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Geo Informatics Research and Training, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India Author-Name: Shilpa Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Vegetable Science & Floriculture, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India Title: Seed yield, nutrient absorption and soil health as influenced by sowing time, nutrient levels and genotypes of garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Abstract: The choice of variety, sowing time and optimum nutrition are important management options to optimise the seed yield. Accordingly, an experiment comprising of 18 treatments was conducted during the winter 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 in a factorial randomized block design, replicated three times to assess the response of pea genotypes (DPP-SP-6, Him Palam Matar-1 and Pb-89) to the seeding time (26th October and 10th November) and nutrient levels (0, 100 and 125% of the recommended NPK). The individual treatment effects revealed that early sowing, application of 125% NPK and DPP-SP-6 were significantly superior for the seed yield and related traits. The interaction effects indicated a significant response of the 125% NPK on the early sown crop for the seed yield, harvest index and NPK uptake. Significantly highest soil available NPK were obtained at 125% NPK with a respective increase of 41.54, 5.90 and 30.82 kg/ha, respectively, over the initial status. Early sowing of DPP-SP-6 with an application of 125% NPK is a better preposition for enhancing the productivity of peas. Keywords: fertility, interaction effects, NPK uptake, productivity, soil nutrients Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 142-151 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/138/2022-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/138/2022-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-202302-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:50:y:2023:i:2:id:138-2022-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sevtap Doksöz Boncukçu Author-Name: Naif Geboloğlu Author-Workplace-Name: Horticulture Department, Agricultural Faculty, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Türkiye Author-Name: Funda Şahin Author-Workplace-Name: Plant Protection Department, Agricultural Faculty, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Türkiye Title: Determination of Verticillium and Fusarium wilt resistance levels of different interspecific hybrid eggplant lines Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the resistance of 4 wild eggplant species (Solanum aethiopium group Aculeatum, S. incanum, S. macrocarpon, S. linnaeanum), 3 cultivated eggplant varieties ('Anamur F1', 'Pala', 'Yamula'), 1 eggplant rootstock (Köksal F1) and 34 interspecific hybrids to Verticillium dahliae Kleb. and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melongenae. Disease resistance of eggplant genotypes was determined by the pathogenicity test. The disease severity values varied between 0-80% for Verticillium and between 0-100% for Fusarium. Among the 42 genotypes, 18 genotypes were found to be moderately resistant and 1 genotype was found to be highly resistant to Verticillium. At the same time, 2 of the 42 genotypes were found to be moderately resistant and 22 of the 42 genotypes were found to be highly resistant to Fusarium. All hybrids with S. integrifollium, Solanum aethiopicum group Gilo as father were found to be highly resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melongenae. Solanum linnaeanum did not exhibit any disease symptoms and was found to be highly resistant to both disease agents. Present interspecific hybrid eggplant genotypes with known resistance to Verticillium and Fusarium wilt are expected to have significant contributions in developing new eggplant rootstocks and hybrid eggplant cultivars in the future. Keywords: hybrid line, soil-borne pathogen, symptoms, resistant, wild eggplant Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 152-158 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/62/2022-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/62/2022-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-202302-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:50:y:2023:i:2:id:62-2022-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yuanda Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China Author-Name: Zaiqiang Yang Author-Name: Peijuan Wang Author-Name: Chao Xu Author-Workplace-Name: Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China Title: Long-term high temperature stress decreases the photosynthetic capacity and induces irreversible damage in chrysanthemum seedlings Abstract: To study the effects of long-term and short-term high temperature stress and recovery on the physiological functions and appearance quality of chrysanthemums, a controlled experiment with chrysanthemums was conducted. The treatments were 25 °C for 3 days (T1D3), 25 °C for 9 days (T1D9), 41 °C for 3 days (T2D3) and 41°C for 9 days (T2D9). The results indicated that there is no significant difference between the T1D3 and T1D9 groups. Conversely, the total chlorophyll content (Chl), net photosynthetic rate (PN), and maximum quantum yield of Photosystem II (PSII) (FV/FM) under T2D3 and T2D9 decreased by 27.07%, 43.30%, 5.62%, and 44.85%, 68.22%, 8.29%, respectively. The JIP-test results showed that the T2D9-stressed plants had a lower efficiency and functional antenna size, and a higher activity of the reaction centre than T2D3. The contents of malondialdehyde, soluble protein and proline increased by 3.67 nmol/g FM, 298.75 μg/g, and 192.99 μg/g, and the antioxidant enzymes activities were inhibited significantly under T2D9. After the stress was relieved, Chl, PN, and FV/FM under T2D3 recovered to the same level as T1D3, while T2D9 did not. Furthermore, the diameter of the flowers in T2D3 showed no significant difference with the chrysanthemums under T1D3. However, the plants in T2D9 recovered poorly. Both the diameter of the flowers and the anthocyanin under T2D9 reduced significantly comparing with T1D9, indicating that the damage in the chrysanthemum seedlings caused by long-term high temperature was irreversible. Keywords: Antioxidant enzymes, chlorophyll fluorescence, heat stress, photosynthesis, reactive oxygen species Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 159-173 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/28/2022-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/28/2022-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-202302-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:50:y:2023:i:2:id:28-2022-HORTSCI