Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tomáš Nečas Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fruit Science, Faculty of Horticulture in Lednice, MENDEL University in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Eliška Zezulová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fruit Science, Faculty of Horticulture in Lednice, MENDEL University in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Ivo Ondrášek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fruit Science, Faculty of Horticulture in Lednice, MENDEL University in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Tomáš Kiss Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Fruit Science, Faculty of Horticulture in Lednice, MENDEL University in Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Jan Náměstek Author-Workplace-Name: Fruit Research and Breeding Institute Holovousy, Ltd., Czech Republic Title: Evaluation of plant growth regulators for control of dormancy in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) Abstract: In an environment where fruit production is increasingly affected by unpredictable weather patterns, it is important to look for ways to minimise the impact of climate change on production. Under Central European conditions, a limiting factor for apricot (P. armeniaca L.) and Asian plum (P. salicina Lindley) growing in certain years is the occurrence of late spring frosts. One measure to eliminate their impact is to delay the actual flowering of the trees. This can be done by breeding or just by applying various plant growth regulators (PGRs). In our experiment, the effect of a total of 6 active substances in 16 different concentrations was evaluated. The results show that the application of Ethrel-based mixtures (concentrations of 0.05 and 0.5%) had the greatest influence, delaying flowering by up to 3-5 days, but also had the most destructive effect on tree health. The application of the commercial product Rhodofix (NAA - 0.3%) and the application of a proprietary mixture based on NAA 1.0% did not have a very significant effect, with a delay in flowering of just 2 to 3 days. One interesting finding was that the application of the above products had a statistically significant effect on the ripening date of apricot fruit, with a difference of up to 4 days. Keywords: P. armeniaca, PGRs, phytohormones, flowering, phenological stages Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 175-188 Volume: 50 Issue: 3 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/135/2022-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/135/2022-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:50:y:2023:i:3:id:135-2022-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lidia Sas Paszt Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Urszula Smolińska Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Paweł Trzciński Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Augustyn Mika Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Sławomir Głuszek Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Edyta Derkowska Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Anna Lisek Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Krzysztof Górnik Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Beata Sumorok Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Magdalena Szczech Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Beata Kowalska Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Author-Name: Waldemar Treder Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland Title: Effect of microbiologically enriched fertilizers on soil microorganisms in the rhizosphere of apple trees Abstract: In long-term cultivation of apple trees, replantation disease may occur, caused by a set of biotic and abiotic factors, occurring in the soil, e.g. the accumulation of pathogenic and harmful microorganisms. Beneficial microorganisms can be of great importance in limiting orchard replant disease. In our study, the Urea fertilizer was enriched with Aspergillus niger and Purpureocillium lilacinum fungi, while the Polifoska 6 and Super Fos Dar 40 fertilizers with strains of the bacteria Bacillus spp., Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Paenibacillus polymyxa. The aim of the three-year study was to determine what effects the application of mineral fertilizers enriched with beneficial microorganisms, applied in 100% doses and in doses lower by 40% had on the microorganisms in the rhizosphere of apple trees. The number of bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas in the rhizosphere of apple trees was the highest in the combination with Urea 60% + fungi and Polifoska 60% + bacteria. These values were 2-3 times higher compared with the control. In the combination with Polifoska 60% + bacteria, the number of fluorescent Pseudomonas bacteria was five times higher compared to the control. The highest number of actinomycetes was observed in the third year of the study, in the combination with Polifoska 60% + bacteria. The use of this fertilizer increased the number of these bacteria more than five-fold compared with the control. The beneficial effect of Polifoska 60% + bacteria, Super Fos Dar 100% + bacteria, and Urea 60% + fungi on phosphate-solubilizing bacteria was observed in the third year of cultivation. The additional application of filamentous fungi together with Urea did not have a significant effect on this group of microorganisms. The obtained results show that in many cases the application of the selected fertilizers positively influenced the microorganisms inhabiting the apple-tree rhizosphere. Particularly noteworthy is Polifoska enriched with the selected bacteria, the use of which significantly increased the number of beneficial bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas. Keywords: beneficial microorganisms, biofertilizers, Malus domestica Borkh., soil biodiversity Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 189-198 Volume: 50 Issue: 3 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/97/2021-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/97/2021-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-202303-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:50:y:2023:i:3:id:97-2021-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hui-Jie Li Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Quality Regulation and Controlling of Horticultural Plants, Luoyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Da-Long Guo Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Quality Regulation and Controlling of Horticultural Plants, Luoyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Jia-Bing Jiao Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Quality Regulation and Controlling of Horticultural Plants, Luoyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Yi-Man Fang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Quality Regulation and Controlling of Horticultural Plants, Luoyang, P.R. China Author-Name: Yang-Yang Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang P.R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Quality Regulation and Controlling of Horticultural Plants, Luoyang, P.R. China Title: Postharvest application of boric acid on grapes to improve the shelf-life and maintain the quality Abstract: Boric acid (BA) is commercially acceptable and economically feasible material to enhance the shelf life of pears, oranges and other horticultural plants. Here, we investigated the effect of BA on the shelf life and post-harvest quality of table grapes (cv. 'Kyoho'). The grapes were immersed in a BA solution with different concentrations [0 (as the control), 10, 30, 50 mM] for 10 min and stored at 25 ± 1 °C for 10 days. Compared to the control, the BA treatments maintained higher berry firmness by inhibiting the activity of polygalacturonase (PG) and cellulase. In addition, the BA-treated grapes maintained higher antioxidant enzyme activities, such as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lower metabolic toxic products, like the superoxide anion (O2-) production rate, malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content than the control. The experimental results showed that the post-harvest application of BA effectively delays the senescence of grapes compared with the control, and the 10 mM BA treatment had the most obvious effect. Keywords: Kyoho, boric acid, postharvest, antioxidant enzyme Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 199-207 Volume: 50 Issue: 3 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/73/2022-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/73/2022-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-202303-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:50:y:2023:i:3:id:73-2022-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bing Hua Liu Author-Name: Liang Cheng Author-Name: Ji Xia Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Natural Resources and Planning Bureau of Mengyin County,Linyi, Shandong, P. R. China Author-Name: Lian Jia Yui Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Academy of Forestry, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China Author-Name: Hai Lin Ma Author-Name: Fangchun Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Shandong Academy of Forestry, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China Title: Evaluation of five rootstocks on the growth, gas exchanges and chlorophyll fluorescence of Juglans regia L. cv. 'Xiangling' Abstract: Our study comparative analyzed the morphological and physiological performance of Juglans regia L. cv. 'Xiangling' (JRX) grafted onto five rootstock species originated from China. A wide range of coefficient of variation (CV), 1.155-39.848%, was detected for fourteen indexes among the studied seedlings. CV of plant height, total dry biomass, total leaf area, root/shoot ratio, chlorophyll index, and stomatal conductance was higher than 15.00%, suggesting higher variation. Principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis and subordinate function analysis were used to screen engrafted seedlings for their quality. All three methods produced the same result that seedling quality of 'Xiangling' engrafted with the five rootstock species from high to low were - Juglans regia L. cv. 'Jizhaomian' (JRJ), JRX, Juglans regia L. cv. 'Lvxiang' (JRL), Juglans mandshurica, Maxim., and Juglans hopeiensis Hu.. The evaluation results were highly consistent with the actual growth performance of the engrafted seedlings, it verified the reliability of our results and the evaluation methods. The results demonstrated that JRJ, JRX, and JRL are potential rootstock candidates in the studied walnut planting regions. It would provide important implication for the selection of proper rootstock species for a certain particular walnut variety. Keywords: gas exchange, growth performance, multivariate analysis, walnut rootstock Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 208-218 Volume: 50 Issue: 3 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/152/2022-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/152/2022-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-202303-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:50:y:2023:i:3:id:152-2022-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bardia Bayat Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy and Horticultural Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Author-Name: Mohammad Hossein Ansari Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy, Islamic Azad ‎University, Rasht, Iran Author-Name: Marjan Diyanat Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy and Horticultural Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Author-Name: Ali Mohammadi ‎Torkashvand Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agronomy and Horticultural Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Title: Optimising energy efficiency and ecological ‎footprint of off-season cucumber production agro-ecosystem upon different farm levels (Case of central Iran) Abstract: The present study aimed to use a non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) to estimate the energy efficiency and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in off-season cucumber-producing greenhouses in different farm level management systems in Iran. Data were collected using a questionnaire completed by 83 cucumber producers through face-to-face interviews. The results showed that the energy use rate was 75.1%, 82.6%, and 86.2% in small (0.5-0.9 ha), medium (0.9-2 ha), and large farms (≥ 2 ha), respectively. In all the farm levels, the greatest energy use shares belonged to electricity, chemical fertilisers, and human labour, respectively. The results of the DEA revealed that the technical, pure technical, and scale efficiencies of the large farms were 87.3%, 92.8%, and 97.1%, respectively, which were higher compared to other farm level management systems. The ratio of energy savings was estimated at 5.62% and 2.97% for small and large farms, respectively. The results also showed that electricity, chemical fertilisers, and diesel fuel were the most responsible for the GHG emissions. By optimising the energy use, pollution per one/ha one of off-season cucumbers can be mitigated by 1 614.5 and 1 315.0 kg of CO2/ha in small and large greenhouses; indicating more attention is required in managing the energy inputs in small-sized agro-ecosystems, especially for electricity. Keywords: CO2 consumption/emission, cucumber, energy-saving, envelopment analysis, greenhouse gas Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 219-232 Volume: 50 Issue: 3 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/155/2022-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/155/2022-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-202303-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:50:y:2023:i:3:id:155-2022-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Svetlana Stoyanova Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agriculture and Seed Science Obraztsov chiflik, Agricultural Academy, Sofia Bulgaria Author-Name: Iliyana Petrova Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Cryobiology and Food Technology, Agricultural Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria Author-Name: Galina Dyakova Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agriculture and Seed Science Obraztsov chiflik, Agricultural Academy, Sofia Bulgaria Author-Name: Ralitsa Mincheva Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Agriculture and Seed Science Obraztsov chiflik, Agricultural Academy, Sofia Bulgaria Title: Influence of growth biostimulators used for the production of vine planting material Abstract: Growth biostimulators activate some physiological processes that increase the efficiency of the usage of nourishing substances, stimulate the development of plants and allow reduced fertiliser consummation. Most biostimulators are capable of reacting against the effect of biotic and antibiotic stresses as they increase the crop production of the cultures and represent an opportunity of growing quality and healthy food. The article affects the results of the influence of RadiCifo L24 and Euroradix over the growth and development of grafted cuttings in vine rootings. The study was carried out through the dessert seedlees grapevine variety 'Zornitsa' grafted over the Berlandieri × Riparia (SO4) pad. Before rooting, paraffin is applied to 2/3 of the stratified grafted cutting's length and is then immersed in a 2% solution of RadiCifo L24 (for 20 minutes) and Euroradix (for 5 minutes), after that the cuttings are rooted to 15-17 cm in depth (to the non-paraffined part). According to the biometrics rating (number of developed shoots, number of roots), the variant with the growth stimulator RadiCifo L24 seems to be a more effective method for the production of first-class vines of the 'Zornitsa' variety, thus it can be recommended for the production of vine planting material. Keywords: vine rooting, common increase, root forming, fertilizers Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 233-240 Volume: 50 Issue: 3 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/143/2022-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/143/2022-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-202303-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:50:y:2023:i:3:id:143-2022-HORTSCI Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bowen Chiai Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan China Author-Name: Tian Xiea Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan China Author-Name: Li Liua Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan China Author-Name: Junhui Yan Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan China Author-Name: Zixian Zhao Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan China Author-Name: Minghua Deng Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China Author-Name: Jinfen Wena Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan China Title: LbCu/ZnSOD and LbMnSOD involved in drought stress tolerance induced by strigolactones of cut lily Abstract: In this study, LbCu/ZnSOD, LbFeSOD, and LbMnSOD genes were cloned, the role of strigolactones (SLs), a novel plant hormone that is ubiquitous in plants in modulating plant responses to abiotic stress, on the three superoxide dismutases (SODs) under polyethylene glycol PEG-6000 stress were researched in the petals of cut lily flowers. The results indicated that during the development of the lily bud, the expression levels of LbMnSOD gradually increased and those of LbCu/ZnSOD decreased, while the LbFeSOD expression remained at a very low level. When the cut lily flowers were subjected to 10% PEG-6000 stress, the relative water content (RWC) declined, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and relative electrical conductivity (REC) dramatically increased in the petals. However, when exogenous SLs were employed, the RWC were improved, while the MDA and REC were reduced. Meanwhile, the SLs significantly increased the activities of the total SOD (T-SOD), Cu/ZnSOD and MnSOD, the expression levels of LbCu/ZnSOD and LbMnSOD, especially LbCu/ZnSOD, were markedly up-regulated in the petals. In conclusion, our research indicates that SOD enzymes, especially Cu/ZnSOD and MnSOD, are involved in the drought stress tolerance; the application of strigolactones can enhance the activities of the two SODs, and may increase the expression of LbCu/ZnSOD and LbMnSOD via a positive feedback mechanism in the cut lily petals. Keywords: lily, superoxide dismutase, drought stress, PEG-6000, strigolactones Journal: Horticultural Science Pages: 241-251 Volume: 50 Issue: 3 Year: 2023 DOI: 10.17221/17/2022-HORTSCI File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/17/2022-HORTSCI.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/hor-202303-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlhor:v:50:y:2023:i:3:id:17-2022-HORTSCI