Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Nirmala Friyanti Devy
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Horticultural and Estate Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center Jalan Raya Bogor, Cibinong, Indonesia
Author-Name: Siti Subandiyah
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Author-Name: Sri Widyaningsih
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Horticultural and Estate Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center Jalan Raya Bogor, Cibinong, Indonesia
Author-Name: Hardiyanto Hardiyanto
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Horticultural and Estate Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center Jalan Raya Bogor, Cibinong, Indonesia
Author-Name: Farida Yulianti
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Horticultural and Estate Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center Jalan Raya Bogor, Cibinong, Indonesia
Author-Name: Dita Agisimanto
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Horticultural and Estate Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center Jalan Raya Bogor, Cibinong, Indonesia
Author-Name: Agus Sugiyatno
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Horticultural and Estate Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center Jalan Raya Bogor, Cibinong, Indonesia
Author-Name: Mutia Dwiastuti
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Center for Horticultural and Estate Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center Jalan Raya Bogor, Cibinong, Indonesia
Title: The effect of rootstocks on morphological, physiological, and gene expression characters of citrus seedlings grown under drought condition
Abstract: To date, 'Japansche Citroen' (JC) has only been used commercially as a rootstock in Indonesia; however, the use of suitable rootstock remains challenging because of water limits in different places. The morphological, physiological, and gene expression changes of one-and-a-half-year-old mandarin cv. 'Keprok Batu 55'  (KB) and sweet orange cv. 'Manis Pacitan'  (MP) budded onto 'Japansche citroen' (JC), 'Rough Lemon' (RL), 'Salam' (S), 'Volkameriana' (V), and 'Cleopatra Mandarin' (C) rootstocks, subjected to six-week drought-stress conditions, were examined under a shade house. The experiment was conducted in Junrejo Subdistrict ( ± 990 m a.s.l.), Batu City, East Java Province, Indonesia, from January 2022 to May 2023. The experimental design was a factorial randomized block design with two factors: rootstocks as factor I and two citrus species as factor II, with three replications. A low shoot/root (S/R) ratio indicates much more root development than shoots observed in KB/C (0.89) and MP/RL (0.87) plants under drought conditions; the MP/RL plant had the greatest stomatal density (16.0/0.015 mm2) and percentage of stomatal closure (58.8%). In this condition, it had lower leaf relative water content (RWC) than the control, with comparatively high RWC ranging from 45-55% in KB/JC, KB/S, MP/C, and MP/RL. The drought did not affect cell membrane damage, although this did slightly increase the quantity of chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids (P < 0.05). Aside from that, leaf proline and total soluble sugar levels were higher in the dryness than in the control, with the combination of KB/C (331.6 μ mol proline/g fresh weight), MP/JC, and MP/RL plants having the highest (347.9 and 337.1 μmol proline/g fresh weight). Meanwhile, the plants with the greatest quantities of soluble sugar were KB/C (35.9 mg/g dry weight) and MP/V (75.3 mg/g dry weight). Regardless of scion-rootstock interaction, KB enhanced the relative quantity of several genes such as 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase, Chlase, ethylene receptors (ETR1), osmotin, plasma membrane instrinsic proteins (PIP1), and PIP2 allowing it to respond more effectively to drought stress conditions. In contrast, MP only increased Chlase and ETR1 ones. Under drought conditions, the KB/C and MP/RL combinations are assumed to be more adaptable than others.
Keywords: abiotic stress, water deficit, cellular osmolytes, scion species, tolerance, leaf pigments
Journal: Horticultural Science
Pages: 255-269
Volume: 51
Issue: 4
Year: 2024
DOI: 10.17221/136/2023-HORTSCI
File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/136/2023-HORTSCI.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Xiao Wang
Author-Workplace-Name: The Department is Agricultural College, Anshun University, Anshun, P. R. China
Author-Name: Deyan Li
Author-Workplace-Name: The Department is Agricultural College, Anshun University, Anshun, P. R. China
Author-Name: Xiaohui Song
Author-Workplace-Name: The Department is Agricultural College, Anshun University, Anshun, P. R. China
Title: Effects of elevated CO2 and cadmium stress on vegetable quality and cadmium accumulation
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of elevated CO₂ (eCO2) on the quality and cadmium (Cd) accumulation of vegetables grown in soil with a background Cd level or in Cd-contaminated soil. We used four types of vegetable: pak choi (Brassica rapa L.), water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.), cherry radish (Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus (L.) Domin) and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Cd stress significantly reduced vegetable vitamin C and reducing sugar content; however, under eCO2, vitamin C and reducing sugar content levels were significantly higher than they were under ambient CO2 (aCO2) levels. The nitrate content of pak choi, cherry radish and pepper was reduced under eCO2, and the effect was more pronounced among plants grown under Cd stress. The Cd content of cherry radish and pepper roots grown under eCO2 and Cd stress was significantly reduced (29.2% and 18.5%, respectively) compared with plants grown under aCO2 conditions and Cd stress. The Cd transfer coefficient of pak choi and water spinach grown under eCO2 and Cd stress was significantly lower (22.7% and 25.2%, respectively) than under aCO2 conditions. Our data suggest that growing vegetables under eCO2 is beneficial, especially when grown in Cd-contaminated soil, because Cd accumulation is reduced and vegetable quality is improved.
Keywords: elevated CO₂, , abiotic stress, vegetables, abiotic accumulation, heavy metal contamination
Journal: Horticultural Science
Pages: 270-277
Volume: 51
Issue: 4
Year: 2024
DOI: 10.17221/131/2023-HORTSCI
File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/131/2023-HORTSCI.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Linru Wang
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao City, P. R. China
Author-Name: Gengsen Liu
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao City, P. R. China
Author-Name: Lianmei Liu
Author-Workplace-Name: Qixia Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Yantai, P. R. China
Author-Name: Yugang Zhang
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao City, P. R. China
Author-Name: Haiyong Qu
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao City, P. R. China
Title: Comparison of phenylpropanoid metabolism of three physiological disorders in apple and pear
Abstract: Apples and pears are the main temperate fruit tree species, and metabolic disorders may occur during their development and post-harvest storage periods, leading to physiological diseases. In this study, we detected the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme and related metabolites involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism in the pulp of pear with hard-end or cork spot and in the pulp of apple with bitter pit. These three physiological disorders differed in phenylpropanoid metabolism and had similar PAL activity, but their polyphenol, flavonoid, and lignin contents changes were completely. For fruits with the three types of physiological metabolic disorders, the auxin content in the tissues with metabolic disorder symptoms was higher than that in the healthy tissues. In summary, the three physiological disorders showed similar changes in the activities of key enzymes (i.e., PAL) involved in phenylpropane metabolism, but their metabolites significantly differed.
Keywords: auxin, hard-end, cork spot, bitter pit, flavonoid, lignin
Journal: Horticultural Science
Pages: 278-285
Volume: 51
Issue: 4
Year: 2024
DOI: 10.17221/103/2023-HORTSCI
File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/103/2023-HORTSCI.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Limin Wu
Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, P. R. China
Author-Name: Ninghai Lu
Author-Workplace-Name: Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, P. R. China
Title: Yttrium nitrate improves the longevity of campanula cut flowers through strengthening the enzymatic antioxidant system and maintaining water balance
Abstract: We explored the role of yttrium nitrate (Y(NO3)3) in extending the longevity of campanula cut flowers. The results showed that Y(NO3)3 significantly enhanced the enzymatic antioxidant system, including the superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase. In this way, Y(NO3)3 increased the DPPH scavenging activity and decreased the malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage, which implied that Y(NO3)3 strengthened the antioxidant capacity. Meanwhile, Y(NO3)3 significantly improved the production of the soluble sugars, proline, and soluble protein, relative water content, average fresh weight change rate, and average water balance value, which indicated that Y(NO3)3 could maintain the water balance. Besides, Y(NO3)3 dramatically increased the flower diameter and extended the longevity. Our current research demonstrated that Y(NO3)3 improved the longevity by reinforcing the enzymatic antioxidant system and water balance, which added new information and a supportive base for the utilisation of Y(NO3)3 in the preservation of campanula cut flowers.
Keywords: Eustoma grandiflorum, rare-earth element, vase life, enzymatic activity, osmolytes
Journal: Horticultural Science
Pages: 286-296
Volume: 51
Issue: 4
Year: 2024
DOI: 10.17221/171/2023-HORTSCI
File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/171/2023-HORTSCI.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Fatma Uysal
Author-Workplace-Name: West Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Antalya, Türkiye
Author-Name: Muharrem Golukcu
Author-Workplace-Name: West Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Antalya, Türkiye
Author-Name: Murat Alan
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Türkiye
Author-Name: Esra Alim
Author-Workplace-Name: West Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Antalya, Türkiye
Author-Name: Kenan Turgut
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Türkiye
Title: Clonal and seasonal genetic variation of major oil components of Salvia fruticosa Mill.
Abstract: Anatolian sage (Salvia fruticosa Mill.) is widely used in many food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical sectors. This study aimed to determine the differences in essential oil components and seasonal changes in the components of six clonally selected C-clones and one natural population in a randomized block design with three replications. Samples were collected monthly from C-clones for two years, and essential oil rates were determined. Clonal heritability was between 0.00 and 0.78. When the best clone was selected from six clones, the genetic gain changed from 12.4 to 44.8 for the essential oil components. Assessment of all clones revealed that the time of monthly harvests significantly affected essential oil components. The clone and harvest time interaction caused significant differences in essential oil components, and clones reached the highest values in different months. The correlation analysis showed a significant negative association between camphor and "β-pinene and β-caryophyllene" and a positive association between camphor and essential oil. High variation in the components, the differences in harvest times, and high correlations between components indicated that clones developed by selection have a significant production potential.
Keywords: anatolian sage, selection, harvest time, heritability, genetic gain
Journal: Horticultural Science
Pages: 297-304
Volume: 51
Issue: 4
Year: 2024
DOI: 10.17221/134/2023-HORTSCI
File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/134/2023-HORTSCI.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Iulia Mineata
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Breeding, Research Station for Fruit Growing Iasi, Romania
Author-Name: Ionel Perju
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Breeding, Research Station for Fruit Growing Iasi, Romania
Author-Name: Sorina Sîrbu
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Breeding, Research Station for Fruit Growing Iasi, Romania
Author-Name: Iuliana Elena Golache
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Breeding, Research Station for Fruit Growing Iasi, Romania
Author-Name: Ionut Vasile Ungureanu
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Breeding, Research Station for Fruit Growing Iasi, Romania
Author-Name: Stefanica Ostaci
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Science, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Life Sciences, Iasi, Romania
Author-Name: Carmen Doina Jitareanu
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Science, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Life Sciences, Iasi, Romania
Title: Ecophysiological aspects of some sweet cherry cultivars from the North-East of Romania
Abstract: The physiological performance, growth and competitive ability of fruit trees are increasingly affected by the effects of global climate change, very different at a regional level, which mainly causes considerable changes in water availability. The purpose of this study was the evaluation of three sweet cherry cultivars from the Research Station for Fruit Growing (RSFG) Iași, Romania under the climatic conditions of 2022-2023 by performing physiological investigations into the water regime and the transpiration process through the stomatal conductance, the water content of the leaves as well as their dehydration rate after 24 hours. The obtained data were statistically interpreted taking three experimental factors into account: factor A consisted of three distinct phenological stages (full flowering, fruit about 80% of the final size and fruit ripening); factor B constituted by the three cultivars ('Van', 'Andreiaș' and 'Margonia'); and factor C was constituted by the canopy area from the samples (internal and external). The experimental variants statistically interpreted by Duncan's test (P ≤ 0.05) registered significant differences. The Pearson correlation coefficient (R2) between the measured variables obtained positive distinctly significant values of R2 = 0.686 (with the stomatal conductance) and negative distinctly significant values of R2 = -0.874 (with the water content). The obtained results will support the development of predictive models for different irrigation and breeding strategies to improve the sweet cherry production in temperate continental climates.
Keywords: chlorophyll, gas exchange, Prunus avium L., transpiration, water regime
Journal: Horticultural Science
Pages: 305-313
Volume: 51
Issue: 4
Year: 2024
DOI: 10.17221/113/2023-HORTSCI
File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/113/2023-HORTSCI.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Qianjun Song
Author-Workplace-Name: Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Crops, Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
Author-Name: Xiaoshuang Nie
Author-Workplace-Name: Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Crops, Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
Author-Name: Hong Chen
Author-Workplace-Name: Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Crops, Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
Title: Effects of abscisic acid and gibberellin on sugar accumulation in 'Fengtang' Plum (Prunus salicina LindI.)
Abstract: To investigate the regulation mechanism of exogenous plant growth regulators on the sugar accumulation of 'Fengtang' plum fruits, and to provide theoretical support for improving the sugar content of 'Fengtang' plum fruits. The expression of fruit sugar fractions and related genes was determined by spraying different concentrations of exogenous  abscisic acid (ABA) and Gibberellic acid 3 (GA3) during the critical period of sugar accumulation in 'Fengtang' plum. The results showed that exogenous ABA treatment increased fruit soluble solids content, delayed the decline in fruit firmness, increased fruit sucrose and sorbitol content and decreased glucose and fructose content at 90 and 100 days after flowering, while exogenous GA3 treatment decreased fruit sorbitol and sucrose content and increased glucose and fructose content at 110 days after flowering; Exogenous ABA treatment significantly increased the expression of the fruit sugar transporter protein genes PsSWEET4 and PsSTP1 as well as the sucrose phosphate synthase genes PsSUS4 and PsSPS2 at 90 and 100 days after flowering, whereas exogenous GA3 treatment increased the expression of the neutral converting enzyme genes PsNINV1/3/4 at 90, 100, and 110 days after flowering to convert sucrose to fructose and glucose. The conclusion is that ABA increases fruit sugar content by increasing the expression of the fruit sugar transporter protein genes PsSWEET4 and PsSTP1 as well as the sucrose synthase genes PsSUS4 and PsSPS2, whereas GA3 decreases sugar accumulation and delays fruit ripening by decreasing the accumulation of sugar during ripening by increasing the expression of the neutral transforming enzyme genes PsNINV1/3/4 to break down sucrose into fructose and glucose.
Keywords: Fengtang', plum, exogenous plant growth regulator, soluble sugar, abscisic acid, gibberellic acid
Journal: Horticultural Science
Pages: 314-326
Volume: 51
Issue: 4
Year: 2024
DOI: 10.17221/25/2024-HORTSCI
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Edyta Derkowska
Author-Workplace-Name: The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland
Author-Name: Lidia Sas-Paszt
Author-Workplace-Name: The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland
Author-Name: Beata Sumorok
Author-Workplace-Name: The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland
Author-Name: Krzysztof Górnik
Author-Workplace-Name: The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland
Author-Name: Sławomir Głuszek
Author-Workplace-Name: The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland
Author-Name: Waldemar Treder
Author-Workplace-Name: The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Skierniewice, Poland
Title: The influence of bioproducts on mycorrhizal occurrence in the vegetable roots
Abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of the use of biofertilizers on the degree of colonization of cucumber and tomato plant roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the number of AMF spores in the rhizosphere soil. Two experiments were carried out in containers on cucumber and tomato plants under field conditions. The plants were fertilized with standard NPK fertilizer, mineral fertilizers: POLIFOSKA 6, Super FOS DAR 40 and urea in the full recommended dose and reduced by 40%, microbiologically enriched, and only with strains of beneficial microorganisms (Bacillus spp., Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Paenibacillus Polymyxa, Aspergillus niger, Purpureocillium lilacinum). The experimental results showed a beneficial effect of the POLIFOSKA 6 mineral fertilizer enriched with beneficial bacteria of the Bacillus genus on increasing the colonization of the roots of tomato and cucumber plants by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Compared to the control, fertilization with microbiologically enriched urea at doses of 100% and 60% reduced the frequency of mycorrhizas in the roots of tomato and cucumber plants. The use of POLIFOSKA 6 100% and Super FOS DAR 40 at a dose of 60% resulted in an increase in the number of spores in the rhizosphere soil. The experimental results will allow the development of new biofertilizers as alternative methods of fertilizing plants and improving soil quality compared to standard mineral fertilization.
Keywords: mycorrhizal fungi, spores, rhizosphere bacteria, tomato, cucumber, biofertilizers
Journal: Horticultural Science
Pages: 327-340
Volume: 51
Issue: 4
Year: 2024
DOI: 10.17221/69/2023-HORTSCI
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Qian Feng
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Protected Agriculture, Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China
Author-Name: Lu Lu
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
Author-Name: Qingyun Li
Author-Workplace-Name: College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, P. R. China
Author-Name: Liu Wang
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Protected Agriculture, Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China
Author-Name: Qingyu Pei
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Protected Agriculture, Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China
Author-Name: Shoujiang Pan
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Protected Agriculture, Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China
Author-Name: Jing Tian
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Protected Agriculture, Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China
Author-Name: Shaowei Lu
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Protected Agriculture, Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China
Author-Name: Shao Li
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Protected Agriculture, Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China
Title: Effects of natural plant growth regulator iron chlorin on photosynthesis, yield, and quality of watermelons grown in greenhouses
Abstract: Iron chlorin is known to affect plant growth, but its potential applications in watermelon production have rarely been explored. To better understand its effects on the growth, photosynthesis, yield, and quality of watermelon in a greenhouse setting, a series of experiments were conducted using the variety 'Sumeng 6'. At the flowering and early fruit expansion stages, the plants were sprayed with iron chlorin with mass concentrations of 0.001, 0.002, 0.004, and 0.008 μg/L (T1, T2, T3, and T4). Control plants were sprayed with water (CK). The growth index, root activity, photosynthetic pigment content, photosynthetic parameters, yield, and fruit quality of all plants were measured. The results showed: compared with CK, the T3-treated plants showed significant improvements in several aspects: the leaf contents of photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid, increased by 19.51%, 14.29%, and 29.17%, respectively (P < 0.05); the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) increased by 23.60% (P < 0.05); and the soluble solids content, vitamin C content, and yield increased by 7.89%, 34.13%, and 16.27%, respectively (P < 0.05). In summary, it was found that spraying 0.004 μg/L iron chlorin on facility watermelon plants at the flowering and the early fruit expansion stages has a significant effect on the promotion of growth and development, leading to improved quality and yield. This study provides a theoretical reference and technical guide for high-quality and efficient watermelon production.
Keywords: watermelon, iron chlorin, growth, vitamin C, photosynthesis
Journal: Horticultural Science
Pages: 341-347
Volume: 51
Issue: 4
Year: 2024
DOI: 10.17221/132/2023-HORTSCI
File-URL: http://hortsci.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/132/2023-HORTSCI.html
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