Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Souček Author-Workplace-Name: FGMRI, Jílovištì-Strnady, Research Station Opoèno, Czech Republic Title: Conversion of a forest managed under systems involving coupes to a selection forest on an example of the Opuky research area Abstract: This paper evaluates the development of growing stock, number of trees and diameter distribution of the standing volume in the Opuky locality where conversion to a selection forest has been the aim of management over a long period of time. With respect to species composition, the stand is divided into two plots. The initial condition and development of both plots differed. The favourable initial composition of the stand has gradually deteriorated due to delay in natural regeneration and therefore recruitment of young trees over a long period. The total number of trees on both plots has been low for target diameter of 51 cm. On the other hand, the growing stock has exceeded the model condition. The proportion of broadleaved species in the stand gradually increases, reducing the possibility of conversion to a selection forest in future. Keywords: selection forest, conversion, spruce, species composition, target diameter Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 1-7 Volume: 48 Issue: 1 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/11851-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/11851-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200201-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:48:y:2002:i:1:id:11851-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Petráš Author-Workplace-Name: Forest Research Institute, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Title: Age and diameter classes or growth stages as criteria for the implementation of thinningitle not given-- Abstract: Age and diameter classes or growth stages as criteria for the implementation of thinning Keywords: growth stages, thinnings, yield of thinnings Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 8-15 Volume: 48 Issue: 1 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/11852-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/11852-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200201-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:48:y:2002:i:1:id:11852-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Pacala Author-Workplace-Name: Forest Research Institute, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Author-Name: R. Longauer Author-Workplace-Name: Forest Research Institute, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Author-Name: D. Krajmerová Author-Workplace-Name: Forest Research Institute, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Author-Name: D. Gömöry Author-Workplace-Name: Forest Research Institute, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Title: Effect of site altitude on the growth and survival of Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) provenances on the Slovak plots of IUFRO experiment 1972 Abstract: The growth, survival, damage and provenance × environment interactions of 30 provenances of Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) from Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic, were analyzed at the age of 26 years. Significant effects of altitude and site quality but no geographic trends were dectected in the series of 5 provenance plots. Correlation of growth and survival appeared to be insignificant at individual plots and their series. The highest differentiation among provenances was revealed on the plots at the minimum and maximum altitudes (350 and 950 m). Several Slovak (Western-Carpathian) provenances proved to grow significantly better than the average at nearly all plots, and also exhibited insignificant provenance × site interaction. Indigenous provenances from the southern part of the Western Carpathians showed higher adaptability to sites in lower altitudes with longer vegetation but seasonal water deficiency. Keywords: provenance research, Norway spruce, IUFRO experiment 1972, growth, survival, provenance × environment interactions Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 16-26 Volume: 48 Issue: 1 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/11853-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/11853-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200201-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:48:y:2002:i:1:id:11853-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Tužinský Author-Workplace-Name: Technical University, Forestry Faculty, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Title: Soil moisture in mountain spruce stand Abstract: Mountain forests are among the main components of natural environment in Slovakia. They grow mainly in areas with cold climate, on poor soils with unfavorable reaction, often very acidic (pH in H2O < 4.5) and with nutrient deficit. Immissions and acid rain attack forests to a great extent. Global climate changes also represent a new threat. Extremes in air temperatures, excessive amounts of precipitation or on the other hand the lack of water from precipitation, torrential rains or long-lasting drought periods are recorded as a result of a higher amount of heat energy accumulation from the greenhouse effect. Spruce forests are most endangered. Spruce with its root system concentrated in the upper soil layers, where also the highest amount of toxic elements accumulates, suffers more and more from dry and warm periods and it begins to wither due to drought. The occurrence of hydropedological cycles with a low or insufficient supply of available water in the soil is most frequent during summer (July, August). If the soil water potential values approach the value of the wilting point, an expressive decrease in transpiration is observed during the day, whereas its daily course is also suppressed. Gradual soil drying up from the upper layers towards the deepest ones of the physiological profile of soil represents a change in soil moisture stratification, especially after moistening the upper layers of soil with water from atmospheric precipitation. The deeper soil layers need not be re-saturated in such a case. Under drought the whole physiological profile of soil dries up in a relatively short time. Trees are exposed to a strong physiological stress in such conditions and after longlasting drought periods they can get into the state of total exhaustion. Keywords: soil moisture, hydrolimits, physiologically available water, hydropedological cycles Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 27-37 Volume: 48 Issue: 1 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/11854-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/11854-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200201-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:48:y:2002:i:1:id:11854-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Dragoi Author-Workplace-Name: University Stefan cel Mare, Faculty of Forestry, Suceava, Romania Title: Tradable permits in logging operations Abstract: The paper presents a new system of tradable permits combined with ecological bonds that is able to promote environment-friendly logging technologies, supposed to be less harmful to the forest ecosystem. All loggers deposit in advance ecological bonds on to-be-harvested volume basis and a certain number of permits to damage is freely given per each cubic meter, by the public authority. After surveying the damage caused throughout all harvested tracts, the number of permits on the volume basis is recomputed for each logger according to the magnitude and importance of damage caused. The logging company that caused smallest damage and saved most permits is allowed to sell to another competitor the number of permits which makes the difference between the two companies. The main section of the paper presents five simulations based on reliable scenarios that have been developed on some effective data referring to two types of damage produced by seven Romanian logging companies in 1999, in Suceava state county forest. Firstly, the deterministic scenario shows that environment-friendly companies become more competitive due to the new system because they have an additional income from sold permits. Conversely, companies unable to protect the environment are to pay more for being in business and thus their capacity to buy more timber is diminished. Assuming that companies able to get money due to this kind of trade are also able to improve their technology and can afford to buy more timber, it was demonstrated that the technological transfer is encouraged by the new system that might be combined with a regular compensation paid to the landowner as well. The greater the bond, the more advantageous the system for fewer and fewer companies. The lower the bond, the more companies can take advantage of the system but less money is collected from a given market. Keywords: tradable permits, logging operations, revolving bonds Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 38-48 Volume: 48 Issue: 1 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/11855-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/11855-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200201-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:48:y:2002:i:1:id:11855-JFS