Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Jaworski Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural University, Department of Silviculture, Cracow, Poland Author-Name: Zb. Kołodziej Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural University, Department of Silviculture, Cracow, Poland Title: Natural loss of trees, recruitment and increment in stands of primeval character in selected areas of the Bieszczady Mountains National Park (South-Eastern Poland) Abstract: In three investigated stands the highest increment (8.8 m3/ha per year, i.e. 1.5% of the actual stand volume, measured at the end of the control period) was reached by Jawornik I stand in the initial period of the growing up stage, and Tworylczyk stand in the advanced growing up stage (7.4 m3/ha per year, i.e. 1.2% of the actual stand volume). Jawornik II stand, in the optimum stage, the aging phase, had the lowest increment (3.9 m3/ha per year, i.e. 0.7% of the actual stand volume). The process of a natural volume loss was the most intensive in Tworylczyk stand (7.6 m3/ha per year), a little less intensive in Jawornik II stand (7.1 m3/ha per year), and the least intensive in Jawornik I stand (5.8 m3/ ha per year). The analysis of tree loss, recruitment, and increment, and the relations between these processes, can form the basis for a conclusion that stable stands developed in the Carpathian primeval beech forests in the years 1988-1998. Such steady processes can be used for the development of a stable, multifunctional model of the forest managed by the selection system, or the Swiss irregular shelterwood system in the Carpathian beech stands of a similar structure. Keywords: Eastern Carpathians, Abies alba, Fagus sylvatica, developmental stages and phases, selection forest Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 141-149 Volume: 48 Issue: 4 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/11867-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/11867-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200204-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:48:y:2002:i:4:id:11867-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Křepela Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture, Faculty of Forestry, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Point distribution form model for spruce stems (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) Abstract: The paper deals with the construction of a point distribution form model for spruce stems. This model is based on the principal components analysis of variance-covariance matrix formed for the Procrustes residuals. The calculation of full Procrustes co-ordinates, the principal components, is demonstrated on an example of a spruce experimental plot at premature age, and a point distribution model is constructed for the first three components. The parameters of the model are evaluated in relation to Konšel's (Kraft's) tree classes, normality of their classification is tested, maxima and minima are demonstrated on actual trees. The complete stem shape analysis of all four samples is also provided. A special model is constructed for these samples and the course of the parameters of this model is graphically represented. Keywords: Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.), stem shape, Procrustes analysis, principal components analysis, point distribution form model Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 150-155 Volume: 48 Issue: 4 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/11868-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/11868-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200204-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:48:y:2002:i:4:id:11868-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ľ. Šmelková Author-Workplace-Name: Technical University, Faculty of Forestry, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Title: Inventory of plant material in forest nurseries by combining an ocular estimate and sampling measurements Abstract: Two procedures of the plant material inventories in forest nurseries, used until now, are evaluated: ocular estimate and sampling. A new two-phase sampling procedure has been proposed on the basis of a suitable combination of estimation and counting and/or measurement of seedlings and plants. The optimum size of the sampling unit (length of bed segment) has been defined. The necessary number of bed segments on which the ocular estimation should be performed in the first phase (n1), and subsequently a more exact assessment of the number of individuals and/or their other qualitative and quantitative traits should be done in the second phase (n2), to achieve the required precision of results of ± 2 to 10% with reliability of 95%. A theoretical justification of the proposal as well as a detailed procedure of the accomplishment is presented. The frames have been specified where the proposed method is economically twice as beneficial as the classic sampling method. Keywords: forest nurseries, plant material inventory, two-phase sampling method, combination of ocular estimate and exact assessment Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 156-165 Volume: 48 Issue: 4 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/11869-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/11869-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200204-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:48:y:2002:i:4:id:11869-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Matejka Author-Workplace-Name: Geophysical Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: J. Rožnovský Author-Workplace-Name: Geophysical Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: T. Hurtalová Author-Workplace-Name: Geophysical Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Author-Name: D. Janouš Author-Workplace-Name: Geophysical Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic Title: Effect of soil drought on evapotranspiration of a young spruce forest Abstract: Daily courses of the actual transpiration of a forest stand were determined by an experimentally verified mathematical Soil - Vegetation - Atmosphere Transfer model. The results refer to the Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) monoculture situated in the highest locations of the Beskids Mts. Drought-free transpiration was estimated as a model simulation run for nonlimiting soil moisture exceeding the level of decreased availability of water. Drought-induced reduction in transpiration was quantified as a difference between actual transpiration and simulated transpiration for moist soil. The results led to conclusions that dry soil causes a significant reduction in actual evapotranspiration and its components in comparison with moist soil. Simultaneously, the effect of soil desiccation was compensated by extremely high evaporative demands of the atmosphere, so that the daily totals of evapotranspiration and its components remained sufficiently high. The high values of global radiation and saturation deficit in the air favourably influenced the water regime of the analysed forest stand in the dry period. Keywords: evapotranspiration, transpiration, evaporation, soil drought, saturation deficit, Norway spruce Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 166-172 Volume: 48 Issue: 4 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/11871-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/11871-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200204-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:48:y:2002:i:4:id:11871-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Marušák Author-Workplace-Name: Technical University, Faculty of Forestry, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Author-Name: A. Žíhlavník Author-Workplace-Name: Technical University, Faculty of Forestry, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Title: Use of selected allowable cut indicators in near-natural forest management Abstract: The objective of this paper is to evaluate the possibilities of using selected allowable cut indicators in near-natural forest management by supplementing two indicators to present allowable cut indicators. Namely it is 1/30 of forest stand growing stock of the last three age classes and higher and 1/40 of forest stand growing stock of the last four age classes and higher. These indicators are compared with the allowable cut indicator 1/20 of forest stand growing stock of the last two age classes and higher which in relation to the forest law can be used in the present control of cuttings. The evaluations were carried out at selected five forest user's units where near-natural forest management is applied. The results confirmed that it is not possible to use the indicator 1/20 in environmentally sound silvicultural systems. The results demonstrated the continuity of cuttings if the indicator 1/30 was used Keywords: cutting control, allowable cut indicator, forest user's unit Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 173-184 Volume: 48 Issue: 4 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/11872-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/11872-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200204-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:48:y:2002:i:4:id:11872-JFS