Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Saniga Author-Workplace-Name: Technical University, Faculty of Forestry, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Author-Name: J.P. Schütz Author-Workplace-Name: Technical University, Faculty of Forestry, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Title: Relation of dead wood course within the development cycle of selected virgin forests in Slovakia Abstract: Following measurements of dead wood (20 to 40 years) at various developmental stages of the life cycle of selected virgin forests of the 1st to 7th altitudinal zone the relation of its course was derived. The dynamics and course of dead wood in the life cycle of virgin forests were best represented by a polynomial of the third degree. An analysis confirmed that virgin forests consisting of stable tree species with approximately the same physical age (Boky) showed small differences between maximal increase and decrease in necromass during the whole development cycle. Virgin forests at sites rich in nutrients consisting of several tree species with various physical age had high values of necromass during their whole development cycle. Spruce stands at the upper forest boundary also had a relatively high ratio of necromass at the advanced optimum stage. Keywords: dead wood, development cycle, virgin forest, developmental stages Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 513-528 Volume: 48 Issue: 12 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/11920-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/11920-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200212-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:48:y:2002:i:12:id:11920-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Chalupa Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture, Faculty of Forestry, Prague, Czech Republic Title: In vitro propagation of mature trees of Sorbus aucuparia L. and field performance of micropropagated trees Abstract: The influence of tree age, explant source and genotype on micropropagation of mature trees of Sorbus aucuparia has been investigated. Experiments demonstrated the feasibility to use juvenile parts of mature trees for in vitro propagation of selected genotypes. Explants from lower branches and from epicormic shoots of mature trees exhibited high multiplication coefficients of microshoots cultured on modified MS agar nutrient medium supplemented with cytokinin (BA, TDZ) and auxin (IBA). Microshoots produced from juvenile parts of mature trees exhibited good rooting response and produced plants were well adapted to grow in forest soils. The survival of micropropagated trees planted in experimental plots was high and losses during winter were low. Height and diameter increments of micropropagated trees originated from juvenile parts of mature trees were considerable and their dimensions after five years of growth were comparable with the dimensions of trees originated from seeds. Keywords: in vitro propagation, Sorbus aucuparia L., mature tree micropropagation, juvenile parts of trees, field growth of micropropagated trees Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 529-535 Volume: 48 Issue: 12 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/11923-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/11923-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200212-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:48:y:2002:i:12:id:11923-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Kroupová Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Title: Dendroecological study of spruce growth in regions under long-term air pollution load Abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyse increment cores from spruce growing in the Ore Mountains, Jizerské Mountains, and Giant Mountains, to evaluate the relationship between tree growth, climatic factors, and air pollution load. The sites from which sample cores were extracted were localised along an altitudinal gradient. Analytical methods included single pointer year analysis and simple linear regression. An unambiguous relationship between negative pointer years and climatic extremes was detected for growth increments prior to 1977. After 1977, minimum increment values also reflected the gradient of air pollution levels. In the eastern part of the Ore Mountains, an increased sensitivity of spruce to low temperatures and temperature breaks was evident. The dominant role of temperature during the winter period was confirmed by the results of correlation analysis. From this, I have concluded (indirectly) a long-term deleterious impact of sulphur dioxide, resulting in lower frost resistance of the spruce trees. Recent increment development suggested that the stands in the Giant Mountains overcame the critical period at the end of the 1980's, and regenerated well. By contrast, the ecological stability of the Ore Mountain forests was disturbed due to chronic stress, and the existence of the stands is threatened. Keywords: growth increment, spruce, climate, air pollution, Ore Mountains, Giant Mountains, Jizerské Mountains Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 536-548 Volume: 48 Issue: 12 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/11921-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/11921-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200212-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:48:y:2002:i:12:id:11921-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Kodrík Author-Workplace-Name: Technical University, Faculty of Forestry, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Kodrík Author-Workplace-Name: Technical University, Faculty of Forestry, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Title: Root biomass of beech as a factor influencing the wind tree stability Abstract: Beech is, thanks to its root system, in general considered to be a wind-resistant woody plant species. Nevertheless, the research on beech root systems has revealed that it is not possible to mechanically divide the woody plants into deep rooted and shallow rooted, because their root systems are modified according to various stand conditions. The root system shape, growth and development are mostly influenced by soil conditions and groundwater level. In the case of a high groundwater level beech root systems do not form tap roots and the lateral roots are rather thin and weak. Important factor for the tree static stability is number of roots with diameter 3-10 cm. The most important for the tree stability are roots with diameter over 10 cm. Wood-destroying fungi have strong negative impact on tree static stability. There are differences between beech below-ground biomass growing in soils rich in nutrients and poor in nutrients. The total below-ground biomass of the beech stands poor in nutrients is higher. Keywords: European beech, root systems, wind tree stability, belowground biomass Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 549-564 Volume: 48 Issue: 12 Year: 2002 DOI: 10.17221/11922-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/11922-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200212-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:48:y:2002:i:12:id:11922-JFS