Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V.V. Podrázský Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture, Faculty of Forestry, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Remeš Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture, Faculty of Forestry, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Ulbrichová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture, Faculty of Forestry, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Biological and chemical amelioration effects on the localities degraded by bulldozer site preparation in the Ore Mts. - Czech Republic Abstract: Biological and chemical (fertilising, liming) amelioration are among the principal tools used to restore degraded sites. These techniques were also used on the Ore Mts. plateau on plots prepared by bulldozing. We evaluated the impact of these amelioration techniques by measuring tree species primary production and humus form restoration. Begun in 1983-1985, this project studied growth reaction of forest stands by measuring height and diameter increment, for the following species (blue spruce Picea pungens Engelm., European larch Larix decidua Mill., lodgepole pine Pinus contorta Dougl., Eastern white pine Pinus strobus L., alder Alnus incana Moench., European beech Fagus sylvatica L.) during the period 1994-2000. The growth potential by species decreases in the following order: larch, alder, lodgepole pine, white pine, blue spruce. Beech was almost exterminated by red deer browsing and the harsh climate; pines suffered heavily from browsing and bark stripping. Holorganic horizons were measured and basic soil chemical and mechanical characteristics were determined - pH, soil adsorption complex characteristics (using Kappen's methodology), content of the humus and total nitrogen, exchangeable acidity and plant available macronutrients, granulometric composition of mineral soil horizons. Our results confirmed the relatively long-lasting effects of soil amendments, as well as the amelioration effects of alder, and the relatively inhibiting effects of larch and blue spruce. Keywords: Ore Mts., preparatory stands, tree species growth, site preparation, fertilisation, liming, humus forms, site restoration Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 141-147 Volume: 49 Issue: 4 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4689-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4689-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200304-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:49:y:2003:i:4:id:4689-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Kula Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Tyrner Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Hymenoptera (Aculeata) in birch stands of the air-polluted area of Northern Bohemia Abstract: The Hymenoptera (Aculeata) fauna was studied in birch stands (Betula pendula Roth) of colder areas of Northern Bohemia using the method of Moericke's yellow traps. Altogether 159 species were trapped; the most important were Andrena lappona, Vespula vulgaris, Halictus sp., Trypoxylon minus and Vespula rufa. Only 12.7% of the species are widely spread in this ecosystem type. In 1990-1994 and in 1995-1999 we compared the abundance of the fauna and discovered that many species of the families Apidae and Sphecidae receded from the birch stands due to changing site conditions (light, weed infestation). Keywords: Hymenoptera, Aculeata, Betula pendula, Moericke's yellow traps, Northern Bohemia Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 148-158 Volume: 49 Issue: 4 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4690-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4690-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200304-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:49:y:2003:i:4:id:4690-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Urban Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Bionomics and harmfulness of Tetraneura ulmi (L.) (Aphidinea, Pemphigidae) in elms Abstract: The paper deals with the bionomics and harmfulness of a common cecidogenous aphid Tetraneura ulmi L. (Pemphigidae) which showed outbreak in elms in Moravia in 2002. The majority of examinations was conducted in Ulmus minor in a riparian and accompanying stand of the Svitava river, Bílovice nad Svitavou near Brno. The aphid was most abundant in U. minor, much less in U. glabra and never occurred in U. laevis. In one leaf, about 2.5 (max. 16) galls were found there (at Čejkovice near Znojmo, as much as 21 galls). Fundatrices hatched from 15 April to 7 May. Through the areal sucking on the abaxial face of leaves, they damaged on average 1.4 cm2 (about 6%) of the leaf blade, in leaves with 10 and more galls often the whole blade. Within 3-4 weeks from hatching (from mid-May), fundatrices matured and during 1-3 weeks they produced on average 35.2 fundatrigeniae. At the beginning of June, galls reached 10.8 mm in length and 6.2 mm in width. Fundatrigeniae developed about 18 days and from 10 to 30 June they formed migrantes alatae. Aphids left 73.3% galls. In 10.4% galls, fundatrices were killed by insect and other predators in the 1st instar (in the initial stage of the gall formation). In 7.0% galls, immature fundatrices died in later stages of development due to the effect of a protective activity of plant tissues. The mortality of fundatrigeniae including migrantes alatae was caused to a very small extent only by e.g. Anthocoris confusus Reut., larvae of Syrphidae, caterpillars of Pyralidae and birds. Effects of mortality factors on the shape and size differentiation of galls are documented in the paper. Keywords: elm, Tetraneura (= Byrsocrypta) ulmi, occurrence, development, mortality factors, gall differentiation Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 159-181 Volume: 49 Issue: 4 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4691-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4691-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200304-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:49:y:2003:i:4:id:4691-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Formánek Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Vranová Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Brno, Czech Republic Title: A contribution to the effect of liming on forest soils: review of literature Abstract: Extensive forest areas were ameliorated by large-scale liming in the last years in order to prevent proceeding acidification and degradation of forest soils. The hitherto knowledge of liming effects on the function of forest soils still appears insufficient for an unambiguous evaluation. Sorption properties of soils and acidity are favourably affected by liming and the favourable effect is usually manifested in the layer of forest floor humus and in mineral soil within ten years. Reduction of soil acidity stimulates development of a bacterial component of microflora, soil edaphon, and good prerequisites are formed for a release of nutrients from soil organic matter. Improvement of some physical parameters of soils and negative effect of liming on the depth of rooting in spruce, availability of nutrients at some sites and in connection with mechanical soil preparation were also described. A key point of liming effect on forest soils is nitrogen dynamics. Mineralization of nitrogen is stimulated at nitrogen-rich sites with C/N < 30. Nitrogen-limited sites show nitrogen mineralization inhibited by liming with signs of pronounced deficiency in spruce nutrition. A positive effect of liming on nutrition with bases is generally accompanied by an adverse influence on N dynamics in acidic soils under spruce monocultures. Therefore it is possible to state that liming induces relatively marked changes in the soil but the actual growth response of woody species cannot be derived only from these changes. Keywords: Keywords: liming and properties of forest soils Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 182-190 Volume: 49 Issue: 4 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4692-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4692-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200304-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:49:y:2003:i:4:id:4692-JFS