Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: O. Mauer Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Palátová Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Brno, Czech Republic Title: The role of root system in silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) dieback in the air-polluted area of Krušné hory Mts Abstract: 120 root systems and trunks of 20 years old birch trees and 60 root systems and trunks of 15 years old birch trees affected by defoliation and with no visual symptoms of damage were analyzed in the air-polluted area of Krušné hory Mts. In the given area, birch develops a superficial or anchoring root system of circular shape. A greater effect of defoliation was recorded in trees with the superficial root system. The defoliation was in correlation with the extent of bole rot, root system rot and rooting depth. The proportion of root system branches infested by rot increased with increasing defoliation. Dominating fungi on roots were Armillaria gallica and Armillaria ostoyae. The degree of defoliation was directly proportional to the extent of bole rot induced by Trametes confragosa and Armillaria gallica, infecting frost ribs in the trunks. Extensive defoliation was recorded if more than 25% of peripheral tissues of the trunk and over 15% of root system branches were infected by rot. The defoliated trees showed a marked loss of fine roots, impaired longevity of fine roots and a change of ectomycorrhiza into ectendomycorrhiza. Keywords: Betula pendula Roth, root system, air pollution, bole rot, root rot, mycorrhiza Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 191-199 Volume: 49 Issue: 5 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4693-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4693-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200305-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:49:y:2003:i:5:id:4693-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Kula Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Tyrner Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Hymenoptera (Aculeata) of spruce stands in the air-pollution region of Northern Bohemia Abstract: Using Moericke's yellow dishes we studied the Hymenoptera (Aculeata) fauna (with the exception of Formicoidea) in spruce (Picea abies) stands of the colder region of Northern Bohemia. We collected 103 species and the most important species in this spectrum were Vespula vulgaris (56.4%), Vespula rufa (4.7%), Dolichovespula norvegica (3.1%), Dolichovespula saxonica (4%), Nysson spinosus (1.8%), Andrena lappona (1.9%), Cleptes semiauratus (5.9%), Halictus sp. (6.7%) and Trypoxylon minus (2.2%). Comparisons made in 1990-1994 and 1995-1999 indicated a recession of species of the genus Halictus, of Andrena nitida (Apidae), Pemphredon lugubris, Trypoxylon clavicerum and T. minus (Sphecidae), and an increased abundance of Cleptes semiauratus (Cleptidae), Nysson spinosus (Sphecidae), Vespula vulgaris and V. rufa (Vespidae). Compared to closed stands, open spruce stands had a greater species diversity and lower number of captured specimens. Keywords: Hymenoptera, Aculeata, Picea abies, yellow dishes, Northern Bohemia Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 200-207 Volume: 49 Issue: 5 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4694-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4694-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200305-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:49:y:2003:i:5:id:4694-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Mückstein Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Author-Name: O. Holuša Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Title: Composition of psocid taxocenoses (Insecta: Psocoptera) in dependence on the level of naturalness of forest ecosystems in the Žďárské vrchy hills Abstract: In 1999-2000 in the Protected Landscape Area (PLA) Žďárské vrchy hills the occurrence of psocids (Psocoptera) was studied in different types of biotopes: natural forest ecosystems (stands of Fagus sylvatica with individual admixture of Abies alba, Acer pseudoplatanus, Picea abies), changed forest ecosystems (monoculture of Picea abies), young plantations in forest stands, disperse forest vegetation (solitary trees), and also non-forest ecosystems - agrocenoses, meadows and grazing lands. A total of 10,560 adults in 20 species were found. Three groups of biotopes with specific psocid taxocenosis were found out by computed cluster analysis - l. natural forest stands with dominance of Fagus sylvatica, 2. disperse tree vegetation and solitary trees in cultural landscape, and 3. forest stands remote to nature (monoculture of Picea abies). Occurrence of psocids was observed from the beginning of May to mid- November. Maximum of abundance was found in September. Keywords: Psocoptera, types of forest ecosystems, Protected Landscape Area Žďárské vrchy, Žďárský biogeographical region, Czech Republic Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 208-219 Volume: 49 Issue: 5 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4695-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4695-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200305-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:49:y:2003:i:5:id:4695-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Kuneš Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture, Faculty of Forestry, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Prosperity of spruce plantation after application of dolomitic limestone powder Abstract: The subject of this paper was to assess the effects of pulverised dolomitic limestone applications on prosperity of Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) plantation and on the soil in extreme ecological conditions of the Jizerské hory Mts. The characteristics such as plant mortality, annual height increment, diameter of root collar (stem base diameter), crown diameter, nutrient analyses and some data from soil analyses are evaluated in this paper. An eleven-year period of observations is summarised. According to the observations and measurements carried out until now, the effect of limestone applications (1 kg per tree) on the spruce plantation prosperity seems to be positive without any serious negative impacts on the soil. Keywords: Norway spruce, Jizerské hory Mts., liming, forest soils, soil properties, chemical amelioration Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 220-228 Volume: 49 Issue: 5 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4696-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4696-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200305-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:49:y:2003:i:5:id:4696-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Saniga Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Staré Hory Research Station, Slovak Republic Title: Ecology of the capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) and forest management in relation to its protection in the West Carpathians Abstract: Ecology of capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) was studied in the mountains of Central Slovakia (West Carpathians) in 1981-2003. In the studied area, the capercaillie population inhabited especially old natural forests (100-250 years old) in the spruce-beech-fir (850-1,270 m a.s.l.) and spruce (1,250-1,530 m a.s.l.) vegetation zones. The overstorey stand age ranged between 80 and 250 years with the mean of 128 years. The understorey stand age ranged from 10 to 60 years. The overstorey tree density ranged between 200 and 1,050 stems per ha (mean 725). The understorey tree density ranged from 5 to 650 trees per ha (mean 290). Both males and females preferred old forests throughout the year. The results demonstrate a marked decrease (> 50%) in the numbers of cocks and hens on twelve monitored leks (28%) and a slight decrease (< 50%) on ten display grounds (24%). During the study period, capercaillie cocks became extinct on seven (16%) leks and in their surroundings. More or less constant numbers were found on twelve leks only (28%) and a slight increase occurred on two leks only (4%). A statistically highly significant correlation was found between the area of old-growth forest and the number of cocks attending a lek. In addition to forest deterioration predation appeared to be of major importance in limiting the numbers of capercaillies. Key points for forest management in relation to capercaillie protection are suggested. Keywords: capercaillie, Tetrao urogallus, ecology, predator, forest, management Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 229-239 Volume: 49 Issue: 5 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4697-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4697-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200305-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:49:y:2003:i:5:id:4697-JFS