Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Vacek Author-Workplace-Name: 2 Author-Name: V.V. Podrázský Author-Workplace-Name: 2 Title: Forest ecosystems of the Šumava Mts. and their management Abstract: The introductory presentation summarizes natural conditions of the area of interest, state of local forest ecosystems and consequent management rules in this National Park and Protected Landscape Area. It describes area delimitation, natural conditions (geology, geomorphology, hydrology and climat, soils, vegetation, forest stands, their dynamics, healthy status). All these syntheses are a basis for forest management and forestry in this region, respecting forest state and forestry aims, as well as the nature protection targets. Keywords: Šumava Mts., National Park, mountain forests, forestry, nature protection Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 291-301 Volume: 49 Issue: 7 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4703-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4703-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200307-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:49:y:2003:i:7:id:4703-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Svoboda Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Agriculture, Faculty of Forestry, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Biological activity, nitrogen dynamics, and chemical characteristics of forest soils in the Šumava national park Abstract: This paper deals with large-scale mountain forest decline in the Šumava National Park. The changes in biotic and abiotic properties of forest sites follow the tree layer disintegration. Changed microclimatic conditions such as intensity of irradiance, moisture and temperature of the top holorganic layers together with altered development of ground vegetation could strongly affect the values of microbiological respiration activity and the rates of nitrogen mineralization and nitrification. Soil substrates, built of organic mater, located on stony locations, are endangered by introskeletal erosion. This paper compares these features in pairs of research plots, consisting of dead or cut forest and of living stand. According to the results of this study, higher rates of organic matter decomposition, transformed dynamics of nitrogen and other nutrients and possible nutrient leaching from soil solutions were demonstrated in the forest floor under declined spruce stands. The extent and seriousness of these adverse processes for forest soils are strongly site dependent. Keywords: Šumava NP, Picea abies, soil chemistry, biological activity, nitrogen dynamics Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 302-312 Volume: 49 Issue: 7 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4704-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4704-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200307-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:49:y:2003:i:7:id:4704-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Vacek Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Research Station Opočno, Czech Republic Author-Name: V.V. Podrázský Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Research Station Opočno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Mikeska Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Research Station Opočno, Czech Republic Author-Name: W.K. Moser Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Research Station Opočno, Czech Republic Title: Introskeletal erosion threat in mountain forests of the Czech Republic Abstract: Summarization of the potential of introskeletal erosion (ISE) was done on the basis of field surveys in the Šumava Mts., Krkonoše Mts. and Jeseníky Mts. areas. The results give a rough estimation of the ISE extent in mountain forests of the Czech Republic. They indicate that in the mountainous areas of the Czech Republic there are 46,535 ha of forest lands endangered by these processes, which represents 10.1% of mountain forests and 1.7% of the total forest area in the country. The worst situation is in the Krkonoše Mts., where the considerable ISE potential is on 30.5% of forest area (in the Jeseníky Mts. 16.6%, in the Novohradské hory Mts. 13.3%, in the Šumava Mts. 8.2%). Because these areas are relevant production and water protection areas, the ISE processes have to be studied carefully and forest lands have to be protected, also using special technologies for forest protection and restoration. Keywords: mountain forests, spruce stands, immissions, bark beetle, introskeletal erosion, protection, reforestation Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 313-320 Volume: 49 Issue: 7 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4705-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4705-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200307-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:49:y:2003:i:7:id:4705-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V.V. Podrázský Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Research Station Opočno, Author-Name: S. Vacek Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Research Station Opočno, Author-Name: I. Ulbrichová Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Research Station Opočno, Title: Effect of fertilisation on Norway spruce needles Abstract: Yellowing of Norway spruce is a relatively common problem in many regions of the Czech Republic. At some places, it is also connected with forest decline. This unfavourable phenomenon is initiated by several ecological as well as anthropogenic processes. One of the most important is the imbalance of forest stand nutrition. Particular reasons lead to nutrient deficiency, especially deficiency of magnesium. Solution to this undesirable trend is a profound ecological analysis and cause-oriented treatments. Besides decreasing air pollution impacts, fertilisation with deficient nutrients represents a successful treatment in the forest stand management in affected areas. In the area of interest, application of relatively small amounts of appropriate fertiliser (SILVAMIX Mg) led to considerable improvement in the defoliation dynamics and yellowing progress since the first year after application. Keywords: air pollution impact, defoliation, spruce yellowing, nutrient deficiency, fertilisation Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 321-326 Volume: 49 Issue: 7 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4706-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4706-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200307-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:49:y:2003:i:7:id:4706-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Kovářová Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Research Station Opočno, Author-Name: S. Vacek Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Research Station Opočno, Title: Mountain Norway spruce forests: Needle supply and its nutrient content Abstract: Soon after bark-beetle attack as well as after clear cutting, grown-up mountain Norway spruce forest cast the following mass of needles: 50-60 kg of dry matter per tree, or 18-20 tons per hectare, containing 8,800-10,000 kg/ha of carbon, 190 to 250 kg/ha of nitrogen, 13-16 kg/ha of phosphorus, 65-91 kg/ha of calcium, 9-13 kg/ha of magnesium and 56-67 kg/ha of potassium. These values were obtained by application of equations assessing needle mass from measured tree and plot parameters, and from chemical analyses of two types of needle material (from living and dead trees). Keywords: Šumava Mts. (Bohemian Forest), Mountain Norway spruce forest, needle mass, nutrient content, bark-beetle attack, forest decline Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 327-332 Volume: 49 Issue: 7 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4707-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4707-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200307-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:49:y:2003:i:7:id:4707-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Vacek Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Research Station Opočno, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Matějka Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Research Station Opočno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Mayová Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Research Station Opočno, Czech Republic Author-Name: V.V. Podrázský Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Research Station Opočno, Czech Republic Title: Dynamics of health status of forest stands on research plots in the Šumava National Park Abstract: The paper summarises an evaluation of the health status dynamics of allochthonous spruce stands in the Modrava Forest District and of natural stands in the Plešný Forest District. Analysis is based on dendroecological reactions of particular tree individuals in the stand structure. The tree damage was evaluated annually (during the period 1997-2002), based especially on defoliation. Natural and semi-natural, especially mixed forest stands with dominant beech in the Plešný Forest District territory were most tolerant, allochthonous secondary spruce stands in the Modrava Forest District area were least tolerant. The damage dynamics was limited by the activity of insect pests (bark beetle - Ips typographus). Damage caused by ozone occurred much more often in 2002 compared to 1999. The most damaged species were sycamore and rowan tree. Keywords: health status, defoliation, air-pollution and ecological stress, Ips typographus, ozone, transition matrix modelling Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 333-347 Volume: 49 Issue: 7 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4708-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4708-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200307-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:49:y:2003:i:7:id:4708-JFS