Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: W. Keith Moser Author-Workplace-Name: Missouri Department of Conservation, Columbia, U.S.A. Author-Name: Chui Kwan Yu Author-Workplace-Name: Missouri Department of Conservation, Columbia, U.S.A. Title: Effects of overstory structure and fire regime upon diversity and abundance of selected understory species in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests in southeastern Georgia Abstract: We examined the impacts of variation in overstory structure and burning regime on understory vegetation in the longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forest of the Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge in southeastern Georgia, U.S.A. On sandy upland sites surrounding the Okefenokee Swamp and on islands, we established five randomly-located 0.04-ha plots within each of six study areas. The plots varied in overstory density, past management and fire regime. We measured overstory tree size of longleaf pines in the 0.04-ha plots and percent cover of ground cover species in five 1-m2 subplots nested within each 0.04-ha plot. We also calculated diversity indices for the ground cover species. There was no significant relationship between overstory basal area and any diversity measure. Even at the subplot level, there was no significant relationship observed between the diversity measures and distance to the nearest tree, presumably a surrogate for overstory density. The diameter (DBH) of the nearest tree exhibited a slight influence over the Shannon Index, and the nearest tree's height was significantly related to evenness in each subplot. There were varied relationships between individual species and fire regime or nearest tree measurements. There was a definite, but statistically insignificant, trend of decreasing diversity with increasing years since the last burn. Height of the nearest tree positively influen­ced evenness, probably reflecting the influence of stochasticity and amount of needle deposition (influencing fire behavior) over a wide area. Within the generally equal fire-return interval across sites, individual fire-events and site-specific behavior apparently influence understory diversity. It is not surprising that the last burn would affect species richness, even more so than the number of growing-season burns, other studies support this observation. The presence of obligate seeding and (clonal) sprouting as dominants in the ground cover suggests that the fire-return interval is not regular. The cycling of fire-return intervals, even within the manage­ment-prescribed 2- to 4-year range, and the variation by microsite appear to provide sufficient variability of disturbance to create diversity in the ground-level cohort. Site-specific relationships between particular species and the nearest tree suggest that even a narrowly-prescribed fire management regime can provide sufficient diversity. Keywords: longleaf pine, Pinus palustris, fire frequency, season of burn, understory diversity, overstory basal area, Aristida bey­richiana, Gaylussacia dumosa, Gaylussacia frondosa, Ilex glabra, Pteridium aquilinum, Serenoa repens, Vaccinium myrsinites Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 395-402 Volume: 49 Issue: 9 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4787-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4787-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200309-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:49:y:2003:i:9:id:4787-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Jankovský Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Novotný Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Mrkva Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Induced wound response of Norway spruce Picea abies P. Karst. after artificial inoculation by imagoes of Ips typographus Abstract: Inoculation experiments were carried out on a set of trees with imagoes of Ips typographus L. which origin from the Šumava Mts. and the Křtiny Training Enterprise. The objective of back inoculations was to determine whether species found on the surface of Ips typographus imagoes spread after the inoculation also through host tissues. It the vicinity of inoculation by Ips typographus imagoes, marked necrotic zones are evident including symptoms of the penetration of vascular pathogens through phloem and sapwood. The most marked reactions were observed in case of inoculation by an untreated Ips typographus imago. Treatment of Ips typographus imagoes by Ibefungin and Fundazol preparations did not demonstrate expected effects in full scale. The spores of several ophiostomoid fungi like Ceratocystis polonica (Siem.) C. Moreau were observed on the surface of bark beetles and at the same time were re-isolated from wounds inoculated by Ips typographus imagoes. The other fungi like Ophiostoma bicolor Davidson & Wells, Leptographium cf. lundbergii Lagerberg & Melin., Pezicula eucrita Karst., Phomopsis sp. and other were found in wounds with the imagoes artificial infection. Keywords: ophiostomoid fungi, pathogens, vascular tissues, Ceratocystis polonica, Ophiostoma bicolor, wound reaction, vascular mycosis, Ips typographus Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 403-411 Volume: 49 Issue: 9 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4713-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4713-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200309-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:49:y:2003:i:9:id:4713-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Horáček Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Šlezingerová Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Gandelová Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Analysis of cambial activity and formation of wood in Quercus robur L. under conditions of a floodplain forest Abstract: The analyses of the activity of cambium and the study of the increment of wood during one growing season of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) under conditions of a floodplain forest is provided. The following parameters were studied: the beginning and end of the cambial activity, differentiation of wood fibres (libriform) and vessels and analysis of the total increment of wood during vegetation in dominant (D), co-dominant (CD) and subdominant (SD) trees in relation to ecological factors of the environment. The course of wood formation corresponds to typical growth curves which are modified by factors of the environment (mean daily temperature, precipitation, soil water supply). The rate of growth is limited by factors of the environment and under the lack of some of them it is reduced resulting in the decrease in the total production of cells. Oak is a species sensitively responding to the period of drought which is particularly manifested in wood increment in subdominant trees. Sufficient supplies of water during spring months accelerate the formation of early wood including differentiation of spring vessels as corroborated by the results. The total formation of wood is dependent not only on the characteristics of the respective growing season but particularly on the social position of trees in the stand. Keywords: wood formation, effect of environment, cell differentiation, radial growth, Quercus robur L Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 412-418 Volume: 49 Issue: 9 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4714-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4714-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200309-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:49:y:2003:i:9:id:4714-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Fabrika Author-Workplace-Name: Technical University, Faculty of Forestry, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Title: Virtual forest stand as a component of sophisticated forestry educational systems Abstract: The paper presents the methodology of virtual stand generation. Virtual stand serves for forestry e-learning as a tool for training of forest tending and demonstration of stand structure and some forest mensuration practices. The model can be connected with growth simulator and geographical information system, or integrated into the Internet environment. In the first part of the paper, the methodology of individual tree visualisation, total stand visualisation, terrain and stand environment visualisation and the principle of user's interaction with virtual forest are proposed. The Virtual Reality Model Language (VRML 97) was used for these goals. In the second part of the paper, an example of model usage for the training of forest tending is presented. Keywords: forest visualisation, forest modelling, e-learning, VRML 97, thinning training tool Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 419-428 Volume: 49 Issue: 9 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4715-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4715-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200309-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:49:y:2003:i:9:id:4715-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Tewari Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Kulhavý Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: B.N. Rock Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Hadaš Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Remote monitoring of forest response to changed soil moisture regime due to river regulation Abstract: Floodplain forest response to changed soil moisture regime and nutrient availability due to river regulation was studied using remote sensing (ETM) data. Images of May and October 2001 were used to prepare NDVI, SAVI, 5/4-ratio images and ETM band 7. Comparisons of the LAI, NDVI, 5/4-ratios and ETM band 7 mean values were done to find out the differences between the flooded and non-flooded sites. Unsupervised clustering of images was done using single transformed channels, i.e. NDVI, SAVI, 5/4-ratio and ETM band 7 to find seasonal variations in the values of these indices. The results were found to be in agreement with ground research. Keywords: floodplain forest, flood elimination, soil moisture regime, LANDSAT ETM, LAI, NDVI, SAVI Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 429-438 Volume: 49 Issue: 9 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4716-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4716-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200309-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:49:y:2003:i:9:id:4716-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Hrůza Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Optimisation of forest road network under principles of functionally integrated forest management Abstract: A traditional approach to problems of the opening-up of forests has been based primarily on technical and economic aspects. It results particularly from the ground configuration and calculations of minimum costs for logging and transport operations. Optimum density of main forest roads is determined by a minimum value of the summary curve of costs of forest road construction and timber skidding. A new conception from the aspect of integrated forest management taking into account forest functions is based on a standard approach when technical and economic aspects are complemented by the particular functions of the forest. Thus, the technical and economic approach is changed to a technical-economic-environmental conception that will contribute to a reduction in negative effects of the construction of forest road network on the environment. Keywords: forest road network, optimisation, forest functions, gravitational area, road network density, opening-up effectiveness, skidding distance, main forest road Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 439-443 Volume: 49 Issue: 9 Year: 2003 DOI: 10.17221/4717-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4717-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200309-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:49:y:2003:i:9:id:4717-JFS