Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Podlaski Author-Workplace-Name: Świętokrzyski National Park, Scientific and Research Laboratory, Bodzentyn, Poland Title: A development cycle of the forest with fir (Abies alba Mill.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in its species composition in the Świętokrzyski National Park Abstract: The objectives of this study are to determine the progress of the development cycle of the forest taking into account untypical development periods caused by fir decline and recovery, and to compare the per cent participation of individual phases and periods of forest development in the Święta Katarzyna and Święty Krzyż Forest Ranges of the Świętokrzyski National Park. The development stages, phases, and periods was determined in P6 fields of the SINUS System of Information on Natural Environment. Tree age distribution, stand structure, volume increment tendency (an increasing or decreasing one), and also the radial increment of fir and beech, and the age of the stand upper story or upper layer were taken as criteria. Fir until about 1960 was characterized by more or less even growth while during 1960-1985 a strong increment collapse occurred, followed by its recovery since 1986. On the other hand, beech during the whole analysed period (1890-1994) did not exhibit any significant decrease in its radial increment. After taking into account the progress of diameter increment of fir and beech the hypothetical series of successive changes of stand phases, mainly caused by decline and then recovery of fir, were developed. Seven new development phases taking place during the periods of decline, recovery and transformation, and not occurring in typical KORPEĽ's (1982) development cycle, are described. New phases were found in 140 P6 fields out of 206 analysed fields. It was proved on the basis of the fraction equality chi-squared test that there was no reason to reject a null hypothesis according to which the per cent participation of phases during the recovery period in the Święta Katarzyna Forest Range is the same as in the Święty Krzyż Forest Range (2 = 2.756; df = 3; p = 0.4308). The absence of significant difference between these two forest ranges indicates, among others, an extensive and strong process of fir decline in the analysed part of the Świętokrzyski National Park (in the Łysogóry Mountain Range). In order to improve the description of the development phases of the forest during the periods of decline, recovery and transformation these studies should be continued, especially on permanent research plots. Keywords: forest development cycle, periods of decline, recovery and transformation, SINUS System, Abies alba, Fagus sylvatica, Świętokrzyski National Park Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 55-66 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4601-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4601-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200402-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:50:y:2004:i:2:id:4601-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Vejpustková Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Zahradník Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Šrámek Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Fadrhonsová Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Title: Growth trends of spruce in the Orlické hory Mts. Abstract: In 2002, height and diameter growth of spruce was investigated in the Orlické hory Mts. (the Czech Republic). The aim was to confirm and to quantify a growth increase in stands of different age, and to reveal the relation between growth and climate, and level of nitrogen deposition. Stem analyses of ten sample trees of mature spruce stand (average age 163 years) confirmed a significant increase in height and diameter growth since the mid-eighties of the 20th century. Nearly 75% of radial increment variability could be explained by climatic factors. Growth in the last 10 years corresponded well to weather conditions. Analysis of the growth - nitrogen deposition relationship showed negative correlations, but the results were not statistically significant. Comparison of the height growth curves of young stands (11-47 years) proved that the younger the stand, the steeper the growth curve. The height of the youngest stands was on average the double of the height of older stands at the same age. The values of the height growth of young stands significantly overreached the yield table values in all the age classes analyzed. Keywords: growth trends, increment, spruce, nitrogen deposition, climate, Orlické hory Mts Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 67-77 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4602-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4602-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200402-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:50:y:2004:i:2:id:4602-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Šišák Author-Workplace-Name: 2 Author-Name: M. Chytrý Author-Workplace-Name: 2 Title: Analysis of forestry financing in the Czech Republic in the period of transition to market economy Abstract: The article is devoted to problems of forestry financing in the Czech Republic in the period of transition to market economy (1991-1999). The policy of forestry financing is aimed above all at the provision and improvement of quality of sustainable non-market forest goods and services. Thirty programmes and 46 sub-programmes were analysed in the CR in 1991-1999. The level of financial support ranged from 909.4 mil. CZK to 1,501.7 CZK with the exception of 2,540.1 mil. CZK in 1991 (all in stable 1999 prices). On average, the support amounted to about 10% of the GDP created by the forestry sector in the given period. Keywords: financing of forestry, financial support to forestry, analysis, transition to market economy, Czech Republic Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 78-85 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4603-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4603-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200402-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:50:y:2004:i:2:id:4603-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Král Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Hrázský Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Assessing the effect of a coating system on the rate of plywood moistening and changes in dimensions in relation to the change in relative air humidity Abstract: The paper summarizes results of an institutional research aimed at the evaluation of the effect of a coating system on the rate of plywood moistening and changes in dimensions in relation to changes in relative air humidity. Coefficients of dimensional changes were determined in relation to relative air humidity and effects were studied of the coating system on the rate of plywood moistening. All measurements were carried out in water-resistant combined plywood with surface coating and thickness of 8, 10, 12, 15 and 18 mm and in all-beech plywood 10, 12, 15 and 18 mm in thickness. Based on the results obtained it is possible to state that bending strength and modulus of elasticity are decisively affected by the construction of a sheet. Therefore, it is suitable to select the sheet structure according to requirements of a customer. It is known that surface layers transfer the greatest stress and that the stress of layers decreases towards the axis of symmetry. The fact can be used in designing the sheet structure, e.g. using veneers manufactured from cheaper species for central layers. Thus, the price and even density of plywood can be substantially reduced maintaining the required strength. By means of coats it is possible to reduce substantially penetration of moisture across the plywood edge. Comparisons between polyurethane coat U 2070 and acrylate coat AQUACOL V 2080 are demonstrated in a figure. Changes in the length and width of combined plywood and all-beech plywood amount to on average 0.020-0.025% per 1% change in moisture. Under upper values of the moisture range the changes are generally substantially lower. In practice, a suitable clearance for changes in the length and width of plywood amounts to 2 mm/m. Changes in thickness reach on average 0.4-0.5% per 1% changes in the moisture content. Keywords: plywood, moisture, hygroscopicity, polyurethane coat, acrylate coat, dimensional changes Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 86-100 Volume: 50 Issue: 2 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4604-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4604-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200402-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:50:y:2004:i:2:id:4604-JFS