Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Gaffrey Author-Workplace-Name: University of Göttingen, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, Institute of Forest Biometry and Informatics, Göttingen, Germany Author-Name: B. Sloboda Author-Workplace-Name: University of Göttingen, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, Institute of Forest Biometry and Informatics, Göttingen, Germany Title: Modifying the elastomechanics of the stem and the crown needle mass distribution to affect the diameter increment distribution: A field experiment on 20-year old Abies grandis trees Abstract: In the spring of 2000, field experiments were begun on three 20-year old grand fir (Abies grandis) to influence the elasto-mechanical behavior of the stem, as well as the distribution of the assimilate crown production. The aim was to analyze, and then describe and model the expected resulting change in stem growth. Three stem sections of one fir were reinforced by rigidly attaching T-shaped steel bars to reduce bending stresses. Preliminary calculations with an elasto-mechanical tree and force model (that had been developed for a different tree, but was adapted by taking the size differences into account) gave first indications for the experimental design in regards to the necessary number of the bars and their dimensions required to guarantee that the stem rigidity would be highly increased. Furthermore, the simulations proposed no increased risk of stem breakage in the non-reinforced stem parts. The stability of the second tree was decreased by hanging sand bags with defined masses on the branches. Directly after loading, a significantly changed swaying behavior could be observed, which should cause correspondingly higher stress in the fibers. As for this load case, the simulated results prognosticate only a negligible increase in stress. The roughly-adapted model used, is seemingly invalid for this tree. In regards to the third tree, the bark at the base of all branches of the eastern half of the crown was removed to prevent any import of assimilates into the stem. The branches were not cut off because the mass distribution and thus, the mechanical behavior, of the tree was to be influenced as little as possible. The experiment will be concluded in the winter of 2003, after a four-year growth period. In addition to detailed stem analyses, the spatial crown structure with its needle and branch mass distribution, as well as the mechanical wood properties of the stem will be measured. Keywords: Abies grandis, elastomechanics, field experiment, stress, strain, diameter increment distribution Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 199-210 Volume: 50 Issue: 5 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4616-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4616-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200405-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:50:y:2004:i:5:id:4616-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Křepela Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Sequens Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Zahradník Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Title: A contribution to the knowledge of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stem shape Abstract: This is a study on the evaluation of stem shape in Scots pine. The experiments were carried out on 430 stems without bark, taken from 30 fully analysed sample trees that grew in 5 different locations in the Czech Republic. Generalized Procrustes analysis was used as the method of study. The stems were described by the use of landmarks. Full Procrustes coordinates were calculated for all stems, and the full Procrustes mean shape was set for individual sample trees, locations and all stems. For Procrustes tangent coordinates, variability was examined using the method of principal components. The two most important principal components were diagrammatized and described. Furthermore, statistical tests of mean shape vectors for individual locations were carried out. Keywords: Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), stem shape, Procrustes analysis, principal components analysis Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 211-218 Volume: 50 Issue: 5 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4617-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4617-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200405-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:50:y:2004:i:5:id:4617-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Saniga Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Saniga Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Title: Influence of forest stand structure on the occurrence of bird community in Skalná Alpa National Nature Reserve in the Veľká Fatra Mts. (West Carpathians) Abstract: The study deals with the influence of the structure, texture and dynamics of a spruce-beech primeval forest on the bird community in Skalná Alpa National Nature Reserve in the Veľká Fatra Mts. (West Carpathians, Slovakia) in the years 1982-2002. The abundance of Norway spruce (Picea excelsa Lam.) was highest both in the optimum and decomposition stage. In the growth stage the number of Norway spruce (Picea excelsa Lam.) trees was quite low. The texture of spruce-beech virgin forest was very variable. Percentage ratios of individual stages on the area of 42.16 ha were as follows: growth stage 38.3%, optimum stage 20.1% and decomposition stage 41.6%. Altogether 46 bird species were represented in the bird community during the spring season. Mean total density was 85.8 ind/10 ha. The bird community consisted of 52 species in the summer season, 45 in the autumn migration season, 34 in the winter season, and of 47 in the spring migration season. The highest density was found in the bird community during the autumn migration season (109.8 ind/10 ha), the lowest in the winter season (24.6 ind/10 ha). During the spring migration season, both the spectrum of bird species and total density of bird community increased by the number of migratory species that came back from winter habitats. Keywords: primeval forest, texture, diameter structure, dead wood, bird community Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 219-234 Volume: 50 Issue: 5 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4618-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4618-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200405-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:50:y:2004:i:5:id:4618-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Jankovský Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Palovčíková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Bednářová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Picea pungens Engelm. - a new host of Dothistroma needle blight Mycosphaerella pini E. Rostrup detected in the Czech Republic Abstract: Dothistroma needle blight Mycosphaerella pini is an important pathogen of pine needles. In addition to different species of pine, M. pini was found in blue spruce Picea pungens in the proximity of infected Pinus nigra in the region of southern Moravia about 20 km SE of Brno. Keywords: Dothistroma needle blight, Mycosphaerella pini, Picea pungens, quarantine pests Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 235-236 Volume: 50 Issue: 5 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4619-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4619-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200405-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:50:y:2004:i:5:id:4619-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Sarvaš Author-Workplace-Name: Forest Research Institute Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Title: Changes in cold hardiness of silver fir and larch bare-rooted seedlings during autumn and spring Abstract: The objective of this study was to obtain information about changes in cold hardiness of larch and silver fir seedlings during autumn and spring by help of measurements of electrolyte leakage from shoots (SEL) and root system (REL). The values of electrolyte leakage from the untreated (control) root system of silver fir decreased during autumn (from 28% on September 25 to 24% on November 27). Minimum values were reached on March 26. A decrease in electrolyte leakage was found for silver fir shoots (SEL) (the maximum was detected on October 2 - 12% and minimum on November 27 - 7%). Contrary to REL, SEL increased in March. The rate of electrolyte leakage from treated (after artificial frost) roots and shoots decreased during autumn (REL and SEL minimum on November 27). The change in the rate of electrolyte leakage from untreated larch roots was similar to that from silver fir roots during autumn. The values continually decreased from 26% (on September 25) to 12% (on November 27). The course of electrolyte leakage from the treated root system was similar for both species. The differences between electrolyte leakage from larch shoots (treated und untreated ones) were statistically significant, but without any clear tendency during autumn. Keywords: cold hardiness, electrolyte leakage, larch and silver fir bare-rooted seedlings Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 237-242 Volume: 50 Issue: 5 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4620-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4620-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200405-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:50:y:2004:i:5:id:4620-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Kašková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Design of forest road network in relation to all-society functions of forests Abstract: The basic condition of forest management development is the accessibility of the forest. A design of the forest road network in relation to all-society functions of forests has been made in the catchment of the Vilčok stream. The catchment is situated in Protected Landscape Area Beskydy. The method Quantification and quantitative evaluation of functions of forests as a basis for their evaluation (Vyskot et al. 2003) was used for the design. This method can be applied to road planning. It can serve as another component in the decision-making process of the planning of forest road construction. Keywords: forest road network, all-society functions of forests, total real potential and effect, design of forest road Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 243-247 Volume: 50 Issue: 5 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4621-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4621-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200405-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:50:y:2004:i:5:id:4621-JFS