Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V.V. Podrázský Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Ulbrichová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Czech University of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Restoration of forest soils on reforested abandoned agricultural lands Abstract: Restoration of forest soil character after the change of agricultural land use has not been studied yet despite the large areas reforested since the late 40ies of the last century. This process takes place throughout Europe to an increasing extent at present. The reformation of forest soils was studied in the area of Český Rudolec town: Natural Forest Area 16 - Czech-Moravian Uplands, altitude 600-630 m a.s.l., bedrock is built of granites and gneisses, soil type is Cambisol, forest site type 5K1. The process of restoration of a new humus form was analysed in plantations of American red oak (Quercus rubra), Swedish birch (Betula pendula), European larch (Larix europea) and Norway spruce (Picea abies), the site was homogeneous. The particular tree species accumulated 12.81, 13.81, 46.57 and 44.76 t/ha of surface organic matter during the last 30-40 years, these values are typical of forest sites at lower and middle altitudes and corresponding tree species composition. The effect of broadleaved species and conifers was markedly different, in the first case pH in KCl ranged 3.8-3.9 (mineral soil) and 3.5-5.2 (holorganic horizons), being 3.5-3.8 (mineral soil) and 3.1-5.1 (holorganic layers) for the conifers. Visible effects of the particular tree species were also evident in the soil adsorption complex and in the contents of plant available and total nutrients. The results can be summarised and generalised: - the forest soil character is reformed at lower and middle altitudes in a relatively short time from the aspect of surface humus accumulation and basic soil chemistry (30-40 years), - birch exhibited the best revitalisation effect among the studied species, - American red oak and Norway spruce humus accumulation potentials were different although the soil chemistry was comparable, - Norway spruce did not show a remarkable degradation effect until now, - on the contrary, European larch appeared as a site degrading species. Keywords: afforestation, agricultural land, soil restoration, species composition, humus forms, litter formation Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 249-255 Volume: 50 Issue: 6 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4622-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4622-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200406-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:50:y:2004:i:6:id:4622-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Čermák Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Jankovský Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Cudlín Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Risk evaluation of the climatic change impact on secondary Norway spruce stands as exemplified by the Ktiny Training Forest Enterprise Abstract: The paper proposes a method of assessing the potential risks of the future development of stands in relation to a climatic change. To assess risks of the future development of a stand simple point scales have been worked up based on primary properties of a site and a stand according to data of the forest management plan (FMP). In assessing the health condition, the risk of damage to stands by Armillaria sp. in the felling age was evaluated on the basis of a present attack by Armillaria sp. and also defoliation of the crown primary structure assessed during a simple field examination. The evaluation was carried out in the region of the Křtiny Training Forest Enterprise (TFE) Masarykův les, ranger district Proklest, in 2002. The study was conducted in 118 Norway spruce stands aged more than 20 years. The majority of evaluated stands ranked among the category of high and medium risk from the viewpoint of site and stand risks and among the category of high Armillaria sp. attack. Keywords: climatic change, Norway spruce, risk evaluation, health conditions Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 256-262 Volume: 50 Issue: 6 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4623-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4623-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200406-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:50:y:2004:i:6:id:4623-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Lochman Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Mareš Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Fadrhonsová Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Title: Development of air pollutant deposition, soil water chemistry and soil on Šerlich research plots, and water chemistry in a surface water source Abstract: In 1986 (1987) research plots were established in a forest stands on the south-western slope of Šerlich Mt., Orlické hory Mts. (Kristina Colloredo-Mansfeld - Forest Administration Opočno), at the altitude of 950 to 970 m, to study deposition, chemistry of precipitation and soil water and development of soil chemistry. The plots were established on a clear-cut area, in a young stand and a mature stand of spruce, in a mature beech stand, and in an advanced growth of spruce and European mountain ash. The content of solutes in creek water was studied at the same time. Since 1993 the concentration of substances in precipitation water intercepted in the summit part of Šerlich Mt. has been measured. Research on water chemistry in the stands terminated in 1997. Soil analyses were done in 1986 (1987), 1993 and 1999. The load of acid air pollutants in these forest ecosystems was high in the eighties. After 1991 the deposition of H+, S/SO42-, N/NO3- + NH4+, Mn, Zn, Al decreased. Similarly, an increase in pH was observed in soil water, and the concentrations of SO42-, and N, Al compounds decreased. But in 1993 the concentrations of SO42- and Al increased again under the spruce stand for several months. The concentrations of NO3-, Mn, Zn and Al in the stream water also gradually decreased in the nineties. On the contrary, the average values of S-ions increased compared to those of 1987 to 1991. Strongly acid soil reaction developed in deeper layers until 1993. In the second half of the nineties the pH/H2O value somewhat increased again, however the reserve of K, Mg, Ca available cations in the mineral soil constantly decreased. The saturation of sorption complex by basic cations in the lower layer of rhizosphere did not reach even 10% in 1999. The forest ecosystems of Šerlich Mt. were also loaded by a high fall-out of Pb, and increased fall-out of Cu. The lack of balance of N-compound transformations and consumption in the soil and increased leaching of N in the form of nitrates contribute to soil acidification on the investigated plots. Keywords: mountain forest stands, deposition, precipitation water chemistry, soil water chemistry, water chemistry in water sources, soil chemistry Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 263-283 Volume: 50 Issue: 6 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4624-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4624-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200406-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:50:y:2004:i:6:id:4624-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Holuša Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Author-Name: K. Drápela Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Title: Logistic regression approach to the prediction of tree defoliation caused by sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) Abstract: A relationship between the abundance of phytophagous insects assessed from soil samples (in the case of Cephalcia lariciphila) or yellow sticky boards (in the case of T. nigritus) and percentage of defoliated trees was characterised by logistic regression. Keywords: Cephalcia lariciphila, soil samples, Tomostethus nigritus, yellow sticky boards, tree defoliation, logistic regression Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 284-291 Volume: 50 Issue: 6 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4625-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4625-JFS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:50:y:2004:i:6:id:4625-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Sebera Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Assessment of non-wood-producing functions of the forest as forest services to the public Abstract: One of the elementary conditions for a successful incorporation of forest ecosystems into the socio-economic system, which also enables to determine the effectiveness of expenditure on environment conservation, is to define their value with possible subsequent valuation. The issue closely relates to the actual assessment of forest services to the public with respect to the non-wood-producing functions of the forest. A methodology was worked out for the assessment of forest services to the public with respect to the non-wood-producing functions of the forest, which makes it possible to characterize the influence of these forest services in time in the framework of the assessed forest ecosystems. The methodology was verified by a study of some forest ecosystems in the time period of 1993-2003. Keywords: forest ecosystem, natural resource, valuation Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 292-299 Volume: 50 Issue: 6 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4626-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4626-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200406-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:50:y:2004:i:6:id:4626-JFS