Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Vančura Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry Development Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: S. Vacek Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry Development Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Title: XII. World Forestry Congress Abstract: XII. World Forestry Congress have been held in Quebec, Canada from September 21 to 28, 2003. Forestry issues were discussed on three basic areas: Forests for People, Forests for the Planet, People and Forests in Harmony. The Czech Republic was represented by 9 contributions. Keywords: World Forestry Congess, Canada, Quebec Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 497-499 Volume: 50 Issue: 11 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4645-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4645-JFS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:50:y:2004:i:11:id:4645-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Vančura Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry Development Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Title: National Forestry Programme of the Czech Republic in brief Abstract: The basic principle from which the Czech National Forestry Programme proceeds is the management of forests in a permanently sustainable manner whilst limiting the administrative interference of the state to the unavoidable minimum under the circumstances of the motivating operation of state forestry policy for the support of public interests and whilst increasing the responsibility of forest owners for their property. The National Forestry Programme is supposed to be an interdepartmental and intersectoral programme respecting not only the needs for the branch development of forest management, but also emphasising the place of forests in the environment and landscape creation, non-production functions of forests, the importance of the forest as a renewable source of ecologically advantageous raw material and the significance of the use and processing of wood for the economy of the country and thus for the society as such. The first idea of National Forestry Programme has been presented in 1993. The current version of the Programme has been conceived for the period 2003-2006. In addition to the basic information about the current state of forests and forestry management in the Czech Republic, it contains chapters with themes focussing on forestry problem issues. Keywords: Czech Republic, state forest policy, National Forestry Programme, interdepartmental and intersectoral programme Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 500-504 Volume: 50 Issue: 11 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4646-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4646-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200411-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:50:y:2004:i:11:id:4646-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Vančura Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry Development Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Pacourek Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry Development Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Řezáč Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry Development Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Development of the Czech forest related policy and institutions in the threshold of the 3rd millennium Abstract: This paper gives an overview of Czech forestry policy and legislation since the beginning of changes in the CEEC plus developments and activities of the main forestry institutions. These activities are referred to in the background material given for the political transition period and also related to the Pan-European and global forestry processes. The philosophy of forestry in the Czech Republic is based on the international framework set out by the first Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe and also in conjunction with the preparation of the Czech Republic for accession to the European Union. National and regional forest programmes are aimed at implementing the principles of sustainable forest management and a broad range of stakeholders from the forestry and environment sectors has been involved in its preparation. The current situation and main problems of forestry are given along with basic principles on how to solve such problems and also on how to fulfil obligations to future generations, and international commitments. Keywords: Czech Republic, forest policy, transformation of forestry, forest institutions Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 505-509 Volume: 50 Issue: 11 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4647-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4647-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200411-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:50:y:2004:i:11:id:4647-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Simon Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Management strategies on territories with special status of protection in the Czech Republic Abstract: About 15% of the area of the Czech Republic is classified as territories with special status of protection, most of which is covered with forests. At present, at the time of integration of the country into the European structures, an increase in the area of such territories by approximately 20% is expected. The territories show significant variation of protection objectives, management restrictions, profound differentiation in natural conditions, structure of ownership and different levels of damage, especially that caused by anthropogenic pressure. This situation requires the formulation of long-term management strategies. The problem can be solved in the following successive steps: formulation of variants and alternatives of management strategies based on a retrospective analysis of forest development; prognosis of the forest condition development after application of the individual management strategies on the basis of growth and development simulations; addition of technological and economical bases; selection of optimal variants and alternatives from the viewpoint of the fulfilment of the owner's management goals, in accordance with the principles of forest policy and from the viewpoint of the fulfilment of the protection objective formulated for a specific territory with special status of protection. A set of methods for following the above-mentioned steps is specified in the presented contribution. Keywords: protected areas, forests, management strategies, growth and development simulations Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 510-513 Volume: 50 Issue: 11 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4648-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4648-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200411-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:50:y:2004:i:11:id:4648-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Fabiánek Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Henžlík Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Vančura Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Title: Development of forest stands condition and its monitoring in the Czech Republic Abstract: In 1986, the UN ECE established the International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (hereinafter ICP Forests) to respond on the growing concern about forest damage caused since the beginning of eighties by air pollution load. Pan-European grid of the (ICP Forests) monitoring plots represents one of the most important systems of forest ecosystems assessing and checking. The Czech Republic is unfortunately well known due to this problem and so the country joined ICP Forest Programme since the very beginning. The paper presents general information on Czech forest stand condition that gained through various methods in the past as well as in the frame of ICP Forests. The participation in the International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (ICP Forests) represents a contribution of the EU candidate country to the fulfillment of the Reg. (EEC) No. 3528/86. However it seems that effects and importance of air pollution are decreasing, a lot of new stress situations exists and there is a need for continuing the programme. Keywords: forests ecosystems, monitoring, international cooperation, UN/ECE, forests condition, defoliation, abiotic and biotic factors, air pollution, remote sensing Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 514-519 Volume: 50 Issue: 11 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4649-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4649-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200411-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:50:y:2004:i:11:id:4649-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Kulhavý Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Title: A new concept in sustainable forest management - the need for forest ecosystem and landscape research Abstract: The greatest advance in ecosystem research was made in the last century. The development and acceptance of forest ecology by foresters occurred because it provided a means for recognizing, understanding, classifying and mapping the natural variation of forests. Forest ecology involved studies at the individual, population, community, and ecosystem levels but such studies always needed to involve the ecosystem concept. Today, the new concept of "ecosystem and landscape forestry" integrating ecological and socio-economic research has been developed on the basis of EU COST Action E-25 European Network for a Long-term Forest Ecosystem and Landscape Research Programme. An analysis has been carried out of the present situation in forest research in the Czech Republic. The need for forest ecosystem and landscape research is obvious. Keywords: sustainable forest management, forest ecology, ecosystem research, landscape research Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 520-525 Volume: 50 Issue: 11 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4650-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4650-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200411-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:50:y:2004:i:11:id:4650-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Vacek Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Opočno Research Station, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Balcar Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Opočno Research Station, Czech Republic Title: Sustainable management of mountain forests in the Czech Republic Abstract: Forest management in the Czech Republic (CR) was not shaped in the environment of natural forests but in the territory that was influenced by unregulated felling and animal grazing for a long time. Hence the fear for sustainable and balanced benefits from forests endangered by long-term uncontrolled exploitation was legitimate. Almost after three centuries of application of the sustainability principle, forests are considered not only as a source of renewable wood raw material but also as a tool of the environment formation. Mountain forests are an important landscape component of this country. They are an object of specific importance from the aspect of natural environment conservation, stabilization of natural processes and general landscape homeostasis. In addition, they fulfil a number of production and non-production functions. Cardinal elements of sustainable forest management in the CR conditions are as follows: management of the forest as an ecosystem, i.e. transition from exclusive care of forest tree species and their stands to care of the whole forest ecosystems; restructuring (conversion, reconstruction) of damaged and declining forests; optimum (species, genetic, spatial, age) structure of forest ecosystems differentiated according to site conditions and management targets; differentiated transition from general management to group or individual methods; utilization and support of spontaneous processes such as natural regeneration, competition and other principles of self-regulation. The above cardinal elements of sustainable forest management are applicable to forests of the CR in general, but their importance considerably increases in mountain forests where many species survive on the margin of subsistence. Moreover, mountain forests of CR have been heavily destroyed by anthropogenic factors, especially air-pollution ecological stresses, during the last three or four decades. Keywords: Czech Republic, mountain forest, sustainable management Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 526-532 Volume: 50 Issue: 11 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4651-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4651-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200411-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:50:y:2004:i:11:id:4651-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Lomský Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Šrámek Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Title: Different types of damage in mountain forest stands of the Czech Republic Abstract: Forests in the Czech Republic are highly influenced by the antropogenous factors - those are particularly air pollution, pollutant deposition, soil degradation, change of the natural forest ecosystems, and also global climate changes. Significant damages due to air pollution are visible already 50 years (the Ore Mts. region). Since 1989 the sulphur emission has decreased significantly. By the end of 90ies SO2 emission was reduced in nearly 90%. In the 1990-1995 period, the change of air pollution situation in mountain regions resulted into the spruce stands condition improvement, and good progress of transitory stands (birch, blue spruce, mountain pine, alder etc.). Following development was not that ideal, however. Since 1995, various symptoms of damage have been observed, caused by the complex of factors. During the winter 1995/1996, within the whole region of the Czech Republic, reddening of the last needle year class of spruce was observed in the altitude over 700 m. These symptoms were the most visible in the eastern part of the Ore Mts., where 3-4 needle year classes were affected, or even tree decay observed. An acute damage was caused by direct impact of the high SO2 concentrations. The average defoliation was over 60% in stands assessed. About 12,578 ha of spruce stands were damaged, 1,300 ha of them has completely died. The rest have regenerated successfully in following period. After following winter, in spring 1997, the damage of transitory birch stands was observed in all the northern mountain regions. In the Ore Mts. ridge birch did not flush at all, the leaf lost was observed in a vast area with variable intensity in altitudes over 800 m above sea level during the springtime. In total 3,400 ha of birch stands was damaged, in 1998 it was nearly 5,428 ha. Birch completely died at about 2,550 ha, in following period the damage development stagnated. Similar damage of smaller extent has been observed also in other parts of the country, in higher elevations, situated above the inversion layer during the spring months. After winter 1999, vast damage of the spruce stands, manifested in yellowing of older needle year classes, and gradual needle drying and fall, affecting the stand of all age categories, was observed in the western part of the Ore Mts. but also in other regions. Yellowing was observed on 2,000 ha in 1999, next year it was 6,500 ha, and in 2001 about 9,000 ha was damaged within the Ore Mts. A new type of damage has been observed in the Orlické hory Mts. ridge caused again by the stressing factors complex after the winter 2001/2002. Nitrogen deposition seems to be one of major problem. The damage presented shows that in spite of significant lowering of air pollution load the forest stands health state in air polluted regions is not stabilized. Keywords: health status, antropogenous factors, new damage, spruce, mountains Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 533-537 Volume: 50 Issue: 11 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4652-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4652-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200411-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:50:y:2004:i:11:id:4652-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Bíba Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Jiřík Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Vančura Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Title: Forestry, mountain catchments and floods in the Czech Republic Abstract: A short introduction of historical overview and current situation refer to forestry problems of the country. Local climate is characterized and impacts of natural phenomena are described, as well as the impacts of human beings. The influence of forest management is mentioned and discussed in relation to latest catastrophic floods. The territory of the Czech Republic is damaged especially by a high intensity of atmospheric precipitation abnormal values which lead to a local or regional damage. In the catchment areas of torrents, damage leads to faster soil erosion, development of ravines, landslides, moving of soil sediments and their deposition, devastation of watercourse beds and properties, flooding while the flooding rates of flow represent a danger for the life of inhabitants. Important elements and results of respective research are described in brief. E.g. research of precipitation and its relation to the runoffs in the small mountain catchment areas with the forest stands restoration, as well as the forestry-hydrologic monitoring of forest environment, which has been taking place since 1928, and tradition of the service for torrent control. Forestry-hydrologic research gradually documents that a favorable flood-control performance of forest is limited. However, this is not a reason for not taking care of flood-control measures in the mountain afforested areas. These measures and importance of forest for the protection of land are historically verified and justified. In closing the mankind behavior to the landscape is underlined as a question mark. Keywords: forestry, erosion, precipitation, floods, hydrology Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 538-541 Volume: 50 Issue: 11 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4653-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4653-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200411-0009.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:50:y:2004:i:11:id:4653-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Skoupý Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Biologically degradable oils at working with power saws Abstract: Power saws require a relatively large amount of oil for their operation the reason being idle lubrication of the cutting chain. Oil leakages in the environment can result in soil and water contamination and are known to impact both flora and fauna. Many countries in Europe struggle to minimize the damage by imposing the use of biologically degradable oils for these purposes. The work presents an assessment of these biologically degradable oils from the viewpoint of their possible occurrence in environment and from the viewpoint of their technical characteristics which affect reliability and economy of working with power saws. Oil dispersion is evaluated especially from the viewpoint of the concentration of its occurrence on the soil surface after cutting with the power saw. Technical properties evaluated include heat-oxidation stability and pumping properties of oils at low temperatures. There are original methods of measurement developed for these purposes, which facilitate high repeatability of results. The effort aims at oils with core technical parameters at least comparable with mineral oils used so far, which would represent a lesser burden on natural environment. Keywords: forest technology, biodegradable oils, dispersion of oils, methods of oils evaluation Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 542-547 Volume: 50 Issue: 11 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4654-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4654-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200411-0010.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:50:y:2004:i:11:id:4654-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Vančura Author-Name: S. Vacek Title: XII. World Forestry Congress and its conclusions Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 548-552 Volume: 50 Issue: 11 Year: 2004 DOI: 10.17221/4655-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4655-JFS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:50:y:2004:i:11:id:4655-JFS