Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Svoboda Author-Name: V.V. Podrázský Title: Forest decline and pedobiological characteristics of humus forms in the Šumava National Park Abstract: Humus forms dynamics and characteristics of different forest sites were studied in the area of Smrčina Mt. in the Šumava National Park territory. The study was performed in vital Norway spruce forest, dead Norway spruce forest (bark beetle Ips typographus infestation) and on a clear-cut area (site conditions were comparable for all three plots). The amount of surface organic matter was not affected by forest decline or by clear-cut (95.5 t/ha, 73.1 t/ha and 100.2 t/ha, respectively), pH being comparable (between 2.3 and 3.2 pH KCl). A slight favourable effect of grass litter on pH increase was obvious; higher leaching of bases occurred in lower horizons. Nitrogen losses were detected from the L + F horizons, falling from 1.93-1.83% (living stand) to 1.73-1.83% (clear-cut area). Higher ammonia production was documented in substrates (F and H horizons) from the living stand (from 263 and 103 mg/kg before incubation to 610 and 248 mg/kg after incubation - nitrogen content in ammonia form), and higher nitrification rates (nitrogen content in nitrate form) were recorded on the clear-cut area (103 and 80 mg/kg to 153 and 87 mg/kg) and especially in the dead stand (160 and 93 mg/kg to 216 and 139 mg/kg). Respective values for the living stand increased from 52 and 61 mg/kg to 119 and 84 mg/kg. Respiration activity, both potential and basic, was more balanced, indicating more intensive dynamics in the case of dead stand and clear-cut area. Keywords: Šumava National Park, mountain spruce forests, forest decline, bark beetle, microbial activity, respiration activity, nitrogen mineralization, soil chemistry, humus forms Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 141-146 Volume: 51 Issue: 4 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/4552-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4552-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200504-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:51:y:2005:i:4:id:4552-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Cienciala Author-Workplace-Name: IFER - Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research, Jílové u Prahy, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Černý Author-Workplace-Name: IFER - Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research, Jílové u Prahy, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Apltauer Author-Workplace-Name: IFER - Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research, Jílové u Prahy, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Exnerová Author-Workplace-Name: IFER - Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research, Jílové u Prahy, Czech Republic Title: Biomass functions applicable to European beech Abstract: This material describes parameterization of allometric functions applicable to biomass estimation of European beech trees. It is based on field data from destructive measurements of 20 full-grown trees with diameter at breast height (dbh) from 5.7 to 62.1 cm. The parameterization was performed for total tree aboveground biomass (AB; besides stump), stem and branch biomass, respectively. The allometric functions contained two or three parameters and used dbh either as a single independent variable or in combination with tree height (H). These functions explained 97 to 99% of the variability in the measured AB. The most successful equation was that using both dbh and H as independent variables in combination with three fitted parameters. H, as the second independent variable, had rather a small effect on improving the estimation: in the case of AB, H as independent variable improved prediction accuracy by 1-2% whereas in the case of branch biomass by about 5%. The parameterized biomass equations are applicable to tree specimens of European beech grown in typically managed forests. Keywords: allometry, aboveground tree biomass, branch, stem, carbon, wood density Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 147-154 Volume: 51 Issue: 4 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/4553-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4553-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200504-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:51:y:2005:i:4:id:4553-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Gao Author-Workplace-Name: Agricultural University of Hebei, Boading, P.R. China Author-Name: X. Wen Author-Workplace-Name: Hebei Academy of Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China Author-Name: H. Guan Author-Workplace-Name: Hebei Forest Pest Control Centre, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China Author-Name: M. Knížek Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Žďárek Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Distribution and attack behaviour of the red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens, recently introduced to China Abstract: The red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens LeConte (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), was found for the first time in China in Yangcheng and Xinshui counties, Shanxi province in 1998, and in Hebei province in 1999. The beetle mostly attacks the oil pine Pinus tabulaeformis Carriére. By 2003 the beetle was found in 85 counties of three provinces in north China and the area of infested pine forests covered more than 700,000 ha. The elevation above sea level of forests infested is more than 800 m. The beetles most frequently attack trees on hilltops and at the forest edge, fewer attacks occur in the centre of the stand. This correlates with the damage done to the trees by wind or man. Weak and dying trees are more vulnerable to attack than healthy ones. The most attractive breeding sites are fresh stumps. The population density of the beetles is higher in the forests on northern slopes than on southern slopes. Most of the bores in the trunk are less than 0.5 m above ground; the galleries are found also on roots. Keywords: bark beetles, outbreak, Pinus tabulaeformis, forest pest, host location, distribution Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 155-160 Volume: 51 Issue: 4 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/4554-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4554-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200504-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:51:y:2005:i:4:id:4554-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Benetka Author-Workplace-Name: Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Průhonice, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Šálková Author-Workplace-Name: Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Průhonice, Czech Republic Author-Name: F. Vrátný Author-Workplace-Name: Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Průhonice, Czech Republic Title: Selection of clones of Populus nigra L. ssp. nigra for resistance to Melampsora larici-populina Kleb. Rust Abstract: A possibility of selection of clones of the species Populus nigra L. with higher resistance to the rust Melampsora larici-populina Kleb. was tested in a set of 29 clones of P. nigra originating from individuals selected in various localities of the CR. Clones were tested in three localities for four years. Rust infection was evaluated according to a five-point scale. The two most resistant (R1; R2) and two most sensitive (S1; S2) clones were tested in laboratory conditions. The results of this test confirmed to be consistent with those obtained under field conditions. Significant differences between the progenies of resistant (R1 × R2) and sensitive (S1 × S2) parents proved the genetic control of resistance. Intermediate inheritance of resistance was found in the progenies S1 × R2 and R1 × S2. Genetic effect of the paternal component was also expressed. A possibility of selection for resistance to M. larici-populina rust in P. nigra was proved. Keywords: genetic control, resistance, selection, Populus nigra L., Melampsora larici-populina Kleb Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 161-167 Volume: 51 Issue: 4 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/4555-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4555-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200504-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:51:y:2005:i:4:id:4555-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Hladká Author-Workplace-Name: 2 Author-Name: I. Čaňová Title: Morphological and physiological parameters of beech leaves (Fagus sylvatica L.) in research demonstration object Poľana Abstract: Observations of the beech assimilatory apparatus in different levels of a model tree were realised from 1993 to 1999 in a research demonstration plot situated in Poľana. Different observations of the natural ecosystem condition were carried out. A model beech tree was chosen and marked as No. 228 for the above-mentioned analyses. The different ecophysiological and morphological characteristics of beech leaves were analysed in three (or two) tree crown levels. The results confirmed significant differences in these characteristics in dependence on three crown levels of mature beech tree. The differences in the mentioned characteristics were also shown in the course of particular years of research. In this paper we have presented the results of analysed beech leaves, their average maximum length, width, their average area, thickness, chlorophyll fluorescence during the research period. Keywords: beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), morphological characteristics, assimilatory apparatus, tree crown levels, chlorophyll fluorescence Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 168-176 Volume: 51 Issue: 4 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/4556-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4556-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200504-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:51:y:2005:i:4:id:4556-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Michalčík Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: A contribution to creating groups of trees for forest valuation Abstract: During the construction of model logging costs for valuation of forest stands, by accident I found out differences between some species included in the groups of tree species. Differences within the groups of species may cause errors in logging costs of some species, for example with hornbeam, all species of linden, all species of rowans and horse chestnut. With the help of simple calculations it was proved that the differences could be very large, that they were more than forty per cent, it means they were significant. On the basis of my further research it is envisaged to increase the number of groups of trees from 13 to 16. The purpose is to give the most accurate background to make up a model of logging costs. In the second step it is expected that the model can provide the results for more or fewer groups of trees more easily if statistical methods are used. But this problem is not a part of this paper. Keywords: hornbeam, linden, rowan, horse chestnut, logging costs, groups of trees species Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 177-185 Volume: 51 Issue: 4 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/4557-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4557-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200504-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:51:y:2005:i:4:id:4557-JFS