Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: I. Mihál
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Forest Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovak Republic
Author-Name: K. Bučinová
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Forest Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovak Republic
Title: Species diversity, abundance and dominance of macromycetes in beech forest stands
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to contribute to the knowledge of dynamics of species diversity, abundance, distribution of fruiting bodies and dominance of macromycetes in mycocoenosis of beech monocultures. The problems were studied in beech monocultures on three permanent research plots with various impacts of air pollutants generated by the aluminium plant in Žiar nad Hronom. Over the research period we determined 121 macromycete species and one species of imperfect fungus. We found relatively balanced values of abundance, fruiting body distribution and species dominance on all the examined plots. The species diversity in groups consisting of the most dominant species was practically the same on each plot. As for the ecotrophic requirements of individual macromycetes, we can conclude that the diversity of tree parasites decreased with decreasing pollutant load. We also found out relatively balanced numbers of lignicolous saprophytes and terrestrial saprophytes on each research plot. Air pollutants also influenced the species spectrum of ectomycorrhizal macromycetes negatively (only 6 species on the plot with highest pollution stress and 21 species on the plot with lowest pollution stress).
Keywords: Fagus sylvatica L., macromycetes, species diversity, abundance, dominance
Journal: Journal of Forest Science
Pages: 187-194
Volume: 51
Issue: 5
Year: 2005
DOI: 10.17221/4558-JFS
File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4558-JFS.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: F. Soukup
Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic
Title: Oak mildew - possibilities of its control
Abstract: New possibilities of oak mildew (Microsphaera alphitoides) control were tested and compared with present methods. The results of three-year experiments in 6 localities (Cikar, Budkov, Planá nad Lužnicí, Vědomice, Voznice, Zadní Bor) clearly showed that the sulphur-based fungicides registered for the control of oak mildew (Sulikol K, Sulka) had a relatively good and stable effectiveness, and that two other newly tested preparations (Systhane 12 EC, Amistar) were even more effective when the percentage of infested plants did not exceed 2% (Systhane 12 EC) or 5% (Amistar) in any experimental locality. Their registration should be extended in this way. The biopreparations with fungicidal or fungistatic effects such as Supresivit, Polyversum and Ibefungin, known and used in forestry, showed that it was not possible to use them for oak mildew control, similar results were received in tentative testing of another preparation (PFR). Testing of preparations Bion 50 WG and Neem Triact 90 EC gave interesting and promising results. Besides their sufficient effectiveness in the control of oak infestation by the mildew, our experiments also indicated their generally positive influence on the health of plants; this could compensate their economic disadvantage compared to classical fungicides.
Keywords: oak mildew (Microsphaera alphitoides), control, fungicides, biopreparations
Journal: Journal of Forest Science
Pages: 195-202
Volume: 51
Issue: 5
Year: 2005
DOI: 10.17221/4590-JFS
File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4590-JFS.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: V. Gryc
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
Author-Name: P. Horáček
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
Title: Effect of the position in a stem on the length of tracheids in spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) with the occurrence of reaction wood
Abstract: The paper was aimed at the determination of variability of tracheid dimensions in spruce wood in relation to the position in a spruce stem. Significant changes in dimensions were found in early-wood and late-wood tracheids along the stem length and radius. There were statistically significant differences (variability along the radius) between particular annual rings. The height of 22 m showed statistically significant differences as compared with other heights (variability along the height). Differences between the length of early-wood and late-wood tracheids were not corroborated in zones CW, OW and SWL. Only in the SWP zone, statistically significant differences were found. Data sets (early-wood and late-wood tracheids) from the CW zone showed statistically significant differences as compared with other zones. On the basis of the results obtained, 3D models were created (for CW, OW, SWL and SWP zones; models for an early-wood and late-wood tracheid) describing changes in tracheid dimensions in spruce in relation to the position in a stem. In the models, the length of tracheids decreases with the height of a stem and on the other hand, with an increasing distance from the stem pith the length of tracheids increases. The importance of the paper consists in the enlargement of findings on the structure of spruce wood. In addition to this, the paper can contribute to the partial explanation of the different behaviour of physical and mechanical properties of wood in particular parts of the spruce stem.
Keywords: spruce, tracheid, length of tracheids, compression wood
Journal: Journal of Forest Science
Pages: 203-212
Volume: 51
Issue: 5
Year: 2005
DOI: 10.17221/4591-JFS
File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4591-JFS.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: F. Tokár
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Forest Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Branch for Woody Plants Biology, Nitra, Slovak Republic
Author-Name: E. Krekulová
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Forest Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Branch for Woody Plants Biology, Nitra, Slovak Republic
Title: Influence of phytotechnology on growth, production and leaf area index of black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) monocultures in Slovakia
Abstract: In the paper we evaluate the influence of crown thinning with positive selection, different intensity (moderate PRP III and heavy PRP IV) and 5-year frequency on development of growth, production, quality and leaf area index of black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) monocultures growing on the series of three permanent research plots (PRP) Sikenica (Levice Forest Enterprise, Levice Forest District) as observed in 1978-2003. The trends of development of mean stem, basal area, standing volume and aboveground dendromass (in dry matter) were mainly influenced by heavy crown thinning. The index of growth was as follows: basal area 169.01%, standing volume 262.12%, aboveground dendromass (in dry matter) 324.48%. At the age of 64 years the black walnut monocultures tended by heavy crown thinning had the following parameters: basal area 31.03 m2/ha, standing volume 463.88 m3/ha and aboveground dendromass 194.98 t/ha. Mean periodic increment reached the values: basal area 0.51 m2/ha/year, standing volume 11.48 m3/ha/year and dendromass 5.39 t/ha/year. The index of increment percent growth was: basal area + 31.75%, growing stock + 30.85% and dendromass + 0.79%, compared to the control. The total production was also significantly influenced by heavy thinning. At the stand age of 64 years the tended stands had the total basal area of 4.92 m2/ha, total volume production of 572.77 m3/ha and total weight production of 246.04 t/ha. The total mean increment of basal area is 0.67 m2/ha/year, of volume 8.95 m3/ha/year and of weight 3.84 t/ha/year, which is by 24.07%, 23.96% and 16.01% more than on the control plot. The leaf area index at the age of 64 years ranges from 6.54 ha/ha (PRP III) to 7.82 ha/ha (PRP V). Dendrochronological analyses revealed minimum widths of annual rings in the years 1952, 1961, 1968, 1971, 1975, 1981, 1983, 1985, 1993, 2000, maximum ones in 1951, 1957, 1959, 1967, 1974, 1979, 1982, 1984, 1989, 1999.
Keywords: black walnut, thinnings, growth, production, dendrochronology, leaf area index
Journal: Journal of Forest Science
Pages: 213-224
Volume: 51
Issue: 5
Year: 2005
DOI: 10.17221/4592-JFS
File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4592-JFS.html
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Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: J. Machava
Author-Workplace-Name: 2
Author-Name: M. Barna
Title: The influence of stand density on Mn and Fe concentrations in beech leaves
Abstract: A shelterwood system is widely used in forest management practice. Favourable ecological conditions for the growth of desired natural seedlings are provided by a successive canopy reduction. The impact of these changed conditions is reflected to the greatest extent in the morphology and structure of beech leaves. Differences in the leaf structure can mainly be seen between sunlit and shaded leaves and are themselves manifested in changes of element contents in leaves according to the respective conditions. The relationships between analysed variables were studied during research (1996-1997) in stands of different initial stand density (0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9), resulting from the shelterwood cut of different intensity (1989). The second criterion was the social status of a tree in stands (dominant, codominant and subdominant) and the third one was the position of leaves in the tree crown (upper, middle and lower part of crown). In the framework of this research the concentrations of Mn and Fe including other macronutrients in beech leaves were evaluated. This paper deals only with manganese and iron due to a limited range of pages. The concentrations of Mn a Fe were studied in beech leaves collected from upper, middle and lower parts of beeches with a different social status. In some cases, statistically significant influences of shelterwood cutting intensity on the analysed variables (metal concentration, dry weight, etc.) were proved at a significance level α = 0.05. It applies to manganese quantity accumulated in leaves of dominant, codominant, and subdominant trees, unit trees, Mn concentration in assimilatory organs, dry mass, iron concentration, etc.
Keywords: Fagus sylvatica L., leaf, concentration, iron, manganese, shelterwood cutting
Journal: Journal of Forest Science
Pages: 225-236
Volume: 51
Issue: 5
Year: 2005
DOI: 10.17221/4593-JFS
File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4593-JFS.html
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