Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Vavříček Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Samec Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Šimková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Soil properties as a component of predisposition factors of Norway spruce forest decline in the Hanušovická highland mountain zone Abstract: Mature Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) stands affected by decline symptoms were selected in the northern part of the Hanušovická highland (Czech Republic) at Jeřáb Mt. foot and summit (1,003 m a.s.l.). Spruce stand (SS) 1 (700 m a.s.l.) was situated in conditions of the fir-beech forest altitudinal zone (FAZ). SS 2 (880-900 m a.s l.) was situated in conditions of the spruce-beech FAZ. Research plots (RPs) of the area 400 m2 were selected in the stands according to the different level of damage and stand diversity. On the basis of the complex soil analysis it was proved that the soil environment could be a part of stress factors, influencing the predisposition of non-natural Norway spruce monocultures at mountain locations of the Krkonoše Mts.-Jeseníky Mts. elevation. High Al3+ concentrations in soil mineral horizons were determined in a direct correlation with decline of stand enclaves on the selected RPs. The concentrations of Al3+ and limiting content Mg2+ make root systems exist mainly in H-horizons or Ae/Ep-horizons. This causes stand predisposition to climatic drought and drought episodes. Keywords: forest decline, drought episode, stress, Hanušovická highland, Norway spruce stand Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 527-538 Volume: 51 Issue: 12 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/4585-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4585-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200512-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:51:y:2005:i:12:id:4585-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Wilczyński Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Protection and Forest Climatology, Faculty of Forestry, Agricultural University, Cracow, Poland Author-Name: E. Feliksik Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Protection and Forest Climatology, Faculty of Forestry, Agricultural University, Cracow, Poland Title: Disturbances in variation of the annual ring width of Norway spruce in the Polish Western Beskids Mountains Abstract: Changes in radial increment of Norway spruce in 25 stands more than 100 years old were analysed. Stands were growing on sites of different exposure situated at 450-1,200 m above sea level in the Polish Western Beskids Mountains. In the mid-1990s a considerable increase in annual ring width was observed. The greatest increase occurred in trees growing at the highest altitudes. This phenomenon occurred after a long period of increment decrease at the turn of the 1970s. After 1990 as the annual ring width was increasing, the variation and amplitude of ring width also increased. The cause of a long-term increase in radial increment was the improvement of thermal and pluvial conditions during late winter and early spring having a substantial effect on Norway spruce growth. In the 1990s the period of rapid changes in thermal and pluvial conditions of summer began. After moist and cold summers there were hot and dry summers. This resulted in increased variations and amplitude of the growth responses of Norway spruce and contributed to the weakening of trees above 100 years of age. The increasing break-up of Norway spruce stands growing in the lower mountain zone of the Polish Western Beskids Mountains, observed in recent years, is the final effect of this process. Keywords: tree-ring, ring width variation, Norway spruce, Polish Beskids Mountains Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 539-547 Volume: 51 Issue: 12 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/4586-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4586-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200512-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:51:y:2005:i:12:id:4586-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Bártová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: O. Mauer Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: The effect of auxinoid application on the planting stock root system Abstract: The goal of the study was to verify the effect of growth substances from the group of auxinoids on the root system of European beech and Scots pine planting stock. The effect of growth substance application date (spring, summer dipping), the type of growth substance used (IBA, NAA), and the exposition to the growth substance (1, 2, 5 hours) were studied. The tests showed that the application of NAA and IBA did not stimulate the root system growth in Scots pine at any exposition of root systems to the growth substances. European beech exhibited a favourable effect of the 5-hour IBA exposition in the spring dipping. The summer dipping of European beech did not show a complex beneficial effect on the root system development at any of the expositions. Keywords: root system, auxinoids, European beech, Scots pine, NAA, IBA Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 548-558 Volume: 51 Issue: 12 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/4587-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4587-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200512-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:51:y:2005:i:12:id:4587-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Cicák Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Forest Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Author-Name: I. Mihál Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Forest Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Title: Can artificial wounding of beech stems induce necroses? Abstract: The paper presents data on the induction of necroses after small injuries to beech stems caused by electrodes during measuring cambium electric resistance. Altogether 121 beech stems of tree class 1-3 (according to Kraft) were evaluated. Among 2,904 mechanical injuries in 121 stems evaluated (24 per stem), 155 injuries induced necroses, hence each 19th injury induced necrosis. Most stems (33.06%) showed one necrosis, few stems (4.96%) showed even four necroses. 28.93% of stems did not show any necrosis. In order to prevent the infection of wounds and subsequent induction of necroses the authors recommend to treat any wounds with a suitable fungicide after using an equipment causing even negligible wounds of stems. Keywords: Fagus sylvatica L., mechanical wounds of stems, induction of necroses, Central Slovakia Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 559-563 Volume: 51 Issue: 12 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/4588-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4588-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200512-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:51:y:2005:i:12:id:4588-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Feuereisel Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Practical verification of food supply to game in conditions of large-scale shelterwood system Abstract: In the hunting district Hády (897 ha), which is operated by the Křtiny Training Forest Enterprise, 383 samples of biomass utilizable as wildlife forage were collected and analysed; they were also quantified on the basis of surface coverage of grass and woody undergrowth. Grass and herbaceous biomass production in forest stands was 180,740 kg (average 0.02 kg/m2), on road shoulders and other areas it amounted to 25,213 kg (average 0.150 kg/m2). The greatest diversity of plant species (72) was detected on the other areas. In total, forest and other areas provide 205,953 kg of utilizable grass and herbaceous biomass available during the vegetation period. Production of woody biomass, i.e. buds and shoots, amounted to 307,243 kg (average 0.035 kg/m2). The woody component of food in this locality was represented mainly by the species of beech, hornbeam, maple, and ash. Evaluation of sample plots revealed that the area covered by herbs and grasses in the studied forest unit was reduced due to a large-scale shelterwood system. On the other hand, a markedly increased supply of food from woody biomass was found to be available in the form of buds, leaves and shoots. The number of individuals in the advance regeneration of woody species in undergrowth ranged between 270 and 380,000 pcs/ha. Average values used for the calculation of utilizable energy in biomass were obtained from a laboratory measurement of biomass samples and complemented with data from literature. Average values of forest herbs and grasses = 0.60 MJ; buds, leaves and shoots in the growing season = 0.75 MJ. Average daily food consumption was converted to net digestible energy in MJ. In order to estimate food sufficiency with respect to quality energy requirements were calculated on the basis of the metabolic size of roe deer and hare bodies. In the quantitative assessment of available food supply, the standardized game stock would utilize 51% of grass and herbaceous forage and 7.5% of food from woody biomass. In the qualitative assessment of available food supply it was demonstrated that energy requirements of roe deer and hare were fully covered by their daily quantitative consumption of herbaceous, grass and woody biomass. Keywords: game management, carrying capacity, biomass production, energy requirement Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 564-571 Volume: 51 Issue: 12 Year: 2005 DOI: 10.17221/4589-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4589-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200512-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:51:y:2005:i:12:id:4589-JFS