Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Podrázský Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Logging and forest decline effects on the surface humus horizons in the Šumava Mts. Abstract: Holorganic layers belong among the key ecosystem components of forest soils at higher altitudes. Increased biological activity of the surface humus is very often observed after forest decline and/or forest cut and removal at these sites. The forest removal or tree layer extinction was studied in the flat, water affected terrain: its effects on the soil chemical characteristics and on the soil respiration, ammonification and nitrification activities. The standard methods of analyses were used. The study proved the increased intensity of nitrification and ammonification in stands with decreased ecological as well as environmental function potentials, further decreased concentrations of magnesium. Due to the concentration effects, the concentrations of some macroelements - nitrogen, calcium - increased in these stands (in the humus form layers), as well as the base content and base saturation. Keywords: Keywords: Bohemian Forest Mts., forest soils, humus forms, biological activity, soil chemistry, forest decline Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 439-445 Volume: 52 Issue: 10 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/4524-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4524-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200610-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:52:y:2006:i:10:id:4524-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Ulbrichová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Remeš Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Zahradník Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Development of the spruce natural regeneration on mountain sites in the Šumava Mts. Abstract: The aim of this study was the evaluation of the spruce natural regeneration growth and development in Modrava and Plechý areas, which represent the first and late bark beetle attack areas. Study was done on 13 permanent research plots, partly with vital tree layer and canopy cover and partly characteristic by open or none canopy, due to bark beetle attack. Actually amount of this regeneration is sufficient (average over 12,000 pcs/ha in the living stands and almost half of this amount in the declined stands) on the both types of plots. Faster growth is usually on the declined plots, with saplings larger amount and height increments, in the higher height classes. Particular interest was aimed to the microhabitat conditions, especially herbal cover influence. There were statistically important differences in the amounts and height growth of the first height class on the different microhabitats. As the most sufficient for the seedlings occurrence appeared to be the dead wood and the least suitable were fern and grasses. For the height growth the least suitable was vital tree foot with litter cover. The results indicate, that declined stands, without vital mature trees and without seed source, will likely develop into more or less even-aged forest. Keywords: Bohemian ForestMts.National Park, mountain spruce forests, forest decline, spruce natural regeneration, management of protected areas Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 446-456 Volume: 52 Issue: 10 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/4526-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4526-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200610-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:52:y:2006:i:10:id:4526-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Vacek Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Podrázský Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Matějka Author-Workplace-Name: IDS, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Dynamics of the health status of forest stands and its prediction on research plots in the Šumava Mts. Abstract: The paper summarises the evaluation of the health status dynamics of allochthonous spruce stands in the Modrava Forest District and of natural stands in the Plešný Forest District. Analysis is based on dendroecological reactions of particular tree individuals in the stand texture. The tree damage was evaluated annually (in the period 1997-2005), based especially on defoliation. The most tolerant were the natural and semi-natural, especially mixed forest stands with dominant beech in the Plešný Forest District territory, the least tolerant were the allochthonous secondary spruce stands in the Modrava Forest District area. The damage dynamics was limited by the insect (bark beetle - Ips typographus) pest activity. Ozone damage appeared much more often in 2002, compared to the year 1999. The most damaged species were sycamore and rowan tree. Keywords: health status, defoliation, air-pollution and ecological stress, bark beetle, ozone, transition matrix modelling Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 457-473 Volume: 52 Issue: 10 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/4527-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4527-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200610-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:52:y:2006:i:10:id:4527-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Vacek Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Podrázský Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Hejcman Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Remeš Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Effect of Mg fertilization on yellowing disease of Norway spruce at higher elevations of the Šumava Mts., Czech Republic Abstract: Norway spruce yellowing and defoliation caused by Mg deficiency was frequently recorded on many sites of the Šumava Mts. (Bohemian Forest Mts.) since 1980's. A forest experiment aimed at investigation response of spruce to Mg application (commercial fertilizer SILVAMIX® Mg NPK) was set up in 1998. Fertilizer was applied manually in a dose of 96.5 kg Mg/ha in spruce (S) and beech-spruce (BS) vegetation altitudinal zones in spring 2000. Immediate decrease of yellowing was revealed in fertilized plots in both vegetation zones and yellowing almost completely disappeared at the end of the investigation in 2005. Further, fertilization resulted in stabile foliation while marked defoliation was reported from control plots in both vegetation zones. Mg deficiency can be effectively eliminated by appropriate fertilizer application. Balanced nutrition contributes to long-term vigour and stability of forest stands. Keywords: Mg deficiency, defoliation, long-term effect, Bohemian Forest Mts., needle yellowing Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 474-481 Volume: 52 Issue: 10 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/4528-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4528-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200610-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:52:y:2006:i:10:id:4528-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Svoboda Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Matějka Author-Workplace-Name: IDS, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Kopáček Author-Workplace-Name: Hydrobiological Institute, Biological Centre AS CR, České Budějovice, Czech Republic Title: Biomass and element pools of selected spruce trees in the catchments of Plešné and Čertovo Lakes in the Šumava Mts. Abstract: This paper presents detailed data on the biomass and element pools of six sample trees in the catchments of Plešné andČertovoLakes. Diameters and heights of the sample trees ranged from 28.0 to 63.7 cm and from 14.1 to 38.7 m. The age of the sample trees ranged from 84 to 177 years. Total biomass of the sample trees was in the range of 239.4 kg to 2,932.3 kg. Variation of total biomass between the sample trees was a consequence of the tree biometric data (height and dbh) and age differences. The proportion of stem wood and bark ranged from 63.5 to 69.5%, and from 4.6 to 7.2%, respectively. The proportion of foliage and fine branches ranged from 4.3 to 8.4%, and from 0.7 to 1.9%, respectively. The proportion of branch wood and bark ranged from 2.2 to 6.5%, and from 0.8 to 2.2%, respectively. Mean concentrations of C in different tree components were quite similar. Except C and compared to the other elements, N had the highest mean concentrations in tree components in all cases. Concentrations of P, Ca, Mg, and K showed similar patterns. Generally the highest concentrations of these elements were found in foliage, fine branches, fine roots and bark of stem and branches. Fe, Na, Al and Mn showed the lowest mean concentrations in tree components for all the analyzed elements. The total element pools per tree were highly variable because of the differences in total biomass between the individual trees. Generally, stem wood and bark, foliage, and roots contained the highest proportion of the elements. But there were differences between individual elements. Concerning the important nutrients, while the highest proportion of Ca and Mg was contained in stem wood and bark, the highest proportion of P was contained in foliage. The foliage contained a relatively high proportion of P and K, but a relatively low proportion of Ca and Mg. Keywords: Norway spruce, biomass, element pools, Bohemian Forest Mts., Čertovo Lake, Plešné Lake Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 482-495 Volume: 52 Issue: 10 Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/4529-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4529-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200610-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:52:y:2006:i:10:id:4529-JFS