Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Klimo Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Materna Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Lochman Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Kulhavý Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Forest soil acidification in the Czech Republic Abstract: Damage to forest stands and their decline in the Czech Republic evoked a necessity to elucidate the function of soil in these processes. Main factors affecting acidification of forest soils are assessed in the paper. On the one hand, it refers to natural factors such as properties of soil-forming substrates and species composition of forest stands, on the other hand, to the effects of anthropogenic character such as influences of man-made spruce monocultures and effects of acid depositions. Special attention is paid to the development of forest soils in the Krušné hory Mts., where the effects of acid depositions are highest. Keywords: forest soil acidification, natural and anthropogenic effects Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: S14-S22 Volume: 52 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/10155-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10155-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200620-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:52:y:2006:i:SpecialIssue:id:10155-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Pichler Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Author-Name: E. Bublinec Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Forest Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Author-Name: J. Gregor Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Title: Acidification of forest soils in Slovakia - causes and consequences Abstract: In Slovakia, soil acidification remains an environmental and forestry related issue despite a sharp decrease in the S02. Recent monitoring of critical acid loads of Slovak forests show that around one third of Slovak forests are directly affected by acidification. In this situation, an increased biomass extraction from forests for energy generation purposes, considered by some decision-makers, poses a serious threat to geobiochemical cycles and may further aggravate the effect of the emissions on soils. In other parts of the country however, the drop in pH value means a soil degradation in sense of soil forming processes rather than in reference to forest production. This fact is also confirmed with the values of growing stock in Slovak forests, continually increasing since 1920. Keywords: soil acidification, forest ecosystem, critical stress, utilization biomass Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: S23-S27 Volume: 52 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/10156-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10156-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200620-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:52:y:2006:i:SpecialIssue:id:10156-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. V. Podrázský Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Effect of controlled liming on the soil chemistry on the immission clear-cut Abstract: Results obtained during 14 years of the experiment are presented. Extreme site conditions are determined by: 8th vegetation altitudinal zone, podzolic soil and hard climate - average annual temperature 4°C, average annual precipitation around 1,200 mm. Effects of surface experimental liming were studied on immission clear-cuts in long time period, study area is located on the Velká Deštná locality on the main Orlické hory Mts. range. Research plots were established and the basic survey was done in spring of 1988, studies of liming effects were performed in the period 1987-2002. On particular plots, 0, 1,308, 2,826, 3,924 and 8,478 kg/ha of fine limestone (grain size under 1 mm) was distributed by hands on the soil surface, as an application of 3 and 9 t/ha of "fine" and "coarse" material (together 5 variants including the control one). Results are available for the forestry practice, research has to continue in the future - potential of negative liming impacts is topical here, consisting in humus mineralization and nutrients losses. Maximum effects on the soil reaction were observed in 8-10 years after limestone application at the soil surface (F - horizon) and in the period 10-15 years lower (H, A - horizons). Base saturation dynamics shows the time delay 2-4 years following pH values. For the site protection, efficient forest stands are vitally important of pioneer as well as climax species. Keywords: immission areas, liming, soil chemistry, soil reaction, sorption complex Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: S28-S34 Volume: 52 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/10157-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10157-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200620-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:52:y:2006:i:SpecialIssue:id:10157-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. E. Fenn Author-Workplace-Name: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Riverside, California, USA Author-Name: T. G. Huntington Author-Workplace-Name: U.S. Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine, USA Author-Name: S. B. Mclaughlin Author-Workplace-Name: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Division of Environmental Sciences, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA Author-Name: C. Eagar Author-Workplace-Name: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Durham, New Hampshire, USA Author-Name: A. Gomez Author-Workplace-Name: Colegio de Postgraduados, Programa Forestal, Montecillo-Chapingo, Edo. de México, México Author-Name: R. B. Cook Author-Workplace-Name: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Division of Environmental Sciences, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA Title: Status of soil acidification in North America Abstract: Forest soil acidification and depletion of nutrient cations have been reported for several forested regions in North America, predominantly in the eastern United States, including the northeast and in the central Appalachians, but also in parts of southeastern Canada and the southern U.S. Continuing regional inputs of nitrogen and sulfur are of concern because of leaching of base cations, increased availability of soil Al, and the accumulation and ultimate transmission of acidity from forest soils to streams. Losses of calcium from forest soils and forested watersheds have now been documented as a sensitive early indicator and a functionally significant response to acid deposition for a wide range of forest soils in North America. For red spruce, a clear link has been established between acidic deposition, alterations in calcium and aluminum supplies and increased sensitivity to winter injury. Cation depletion appears to contribute to sugar maple decline on some soils, specifically the high mortality rates observed in northern Pennsylvania over the last decade. While responses to liming have not been systematically examined in North America, in a study in Pennsylvania, restoring basic cations through liming increased basal area growth of sugar maple and levels of calcium and magnesium in soil and foliage. In the San Bernardino Mountains in southern California near the west coast, the pH of the A horizon has declined by at least 2 pH units (to pH 4.0-4.3) over the past 30 years, with no detrimental effects on bole growth; presumably, because of the Mediterranean climate, base cation pools are still high and not limiting for plant growth. Keywords: calcium depletion, acidic deposition, base cations, red spruce, sugar maple, liming, winter injury, forest health Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: S3-S13 Volume: 52 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/10152-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10152-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200620-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:52:y:2006:i:SpecialIssue:id:10152-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: W. Schaaf Author-Workplace-Name: Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus, Germany Author-Name: R. F. Hüttl Author-Workplace-Name: Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus, Germany Title: Experiences with liming in European countries - results of long-term experiments Abstract: Liming was and still is carried out in many European forests since the beginning of the 1980s. Main objectives of compensation liming is to neutralize actual acidic deposition in order to prevent further soil acidification, to increase base saturation and acid buffering capacity of the soil. This paper evaluates results from long-term liming experiments throughout Europe using different amounts and forms of liming materials. Differences in forest ecosystem reaction to liming can be caused by amount, form and frequency of the application, and by the solubility, reaction kinetics, contents and composition of the material used. Furthermore, other factors like climate, site history, management, environmental conditions (e.g. actual and historical deposition rates), humus form, C/N ratio, nitrogen stores, and the soil chemical properties (e.g. pH, base saturation, CEC) may strongly influence the effects of liming treatments. Element budgets of forested ecosystems on a plot or watershed scale provide a very useful tool to integrate the various effects of additional Mg inputs via liming/fertilization. Keywords: acid deposition, soil acidification, element budget, lime, dolomite, fertilization, soil pH, base saturation, buffer capacity, site history Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: S35-S44 Volume: 52 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/10158-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10158-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200620-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:52:y:2006:i:SpecialIssue:id:10158-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Šrámek Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Materna Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Novotný Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Fadrhonsová Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Title: Effect of forest liming in the Western Krušné hory Mts. Abstract: In May 31, 2000, the Government of the Czech Republic, has adopted the Decision No. 532, assigning the minister of agriculture to realize liming and fertilizing in the Krušné hory Mts. and Orlické hory Mts. Based on the decision, in 2000-2003, liming of forest stands was done, at the area of 34,000 ha. Changes of soil and leaf chemistry two years after liming were studied in the Western Krušné hory Mts., Forest administration Horní Blatná. Slight pH increase layer was stated both in the humus layer, and in upper horizons of mineral soil. Increased contents of calcium and magnesium, same as nitrogen and potassium were also recorded. Content of basic cations, mainly of magnesium and calcium, in the sorption complex was increased, aluminium content was decreased. C/N ratio in the humus layer did not change, ratio of basic cations and aluminium in the humus layer was increased significantly. Analyses of the assimilation organs of spruce have proved increase of magnesium and calcium content. The increase was higher in the stands of originally lower values of these elements. While before liming, in about a half of the samples of second needle year class, magnesium was under the deficiency level, two years after liming no deficient values were recorded. Keywords: acidification, spruce yellowing, liming, forest soils, chemical properties, base saturation Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: S45-S51 Volume: 52 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/10159-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10159-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200620-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:52:y:2006:i:SpecialIssue:id:10159-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. J. Erstad Author-Workplace-Name: Lutelandet, Korssund, Norway Title: Fertilizing and liming in a heather area of Norway Abstract: In a 6 years' field experiment in a podzolized heather area in Norway the effects of liming and P and Cu fertilization were tested versus changes in vegetation and soil chemistry. The vegetation altered slowly, particularly the woody species, but pronounced over years. Liming had a positive effect on all species except Deschampsia flexuosa and Vaccinium myrtillus, P tended to favour all except V. myrtillus, and Cu promoted all except Nardus stricta, V. oliginosum and V. myrtillus. Surface spreading of liming material and fertilizers caused distinct lime, phosphorus and copper effects and interactions in the soil litter layer. Liming markedly increased pH and Ca level and stimulated microbial activity, whilst the fertilizers increased P and Cu availability in soil. Cu fertilization counteracted a feared Cu deficiency when liming marginal soils. Gradually the changes penetrated into deeper soil layers. This strong chemical influence led the podzol into a cambisol cycle, characterized by retention of humus in the E layer, accompanied by a slight increase in pH, elevated levels of Kjeldahl-N, AL dissolved and exchangeable Ca, and in CEC and BS. Keywords: heather, liming, fertilization, phosphorus, copper, vegetation, podzol, soil chemistry Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: S52-S57 Volume: 52 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/10160-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10160-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200620-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:52:y:2006:i:SpecialIssue:id:10160-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. V. Podrázský Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Fertilization as an ameliorative measure - examples of the research at the Faculty of Forestry and Environment CUA in Prague Abstract: Fertilization represents a measure, used as exceptional treatment managing forest stands and ecosystems as a whole. It is used since the beginning of the 20th century worldwide, starting in the Central Europe. The beginnings were on empirical basis, later on, the scientific background was developed profoundly. Several forms and methods, as well as aims are topical at present: - Since the beginning, restoration of degraded sites and amelioration of primarily extreme soils was the aim. In the poorest regions, e.g. in the NE Germany, different means were used to increase site productivity and stability. Also in the Czech countries, amelioration played important role restoring degraded and devastated localities. - To increase site productivity, commercial fertilization was used worldwide, as well as it was applied in all continents with intense forestry practices. It became a part of the "silviculture" sensu stricto in the commercial, industrial forestry. - Supporting the growth and prosperity of forest plantations, on sites of different characters, was a broadly intended target of fertilizers application. - Since the air pollution calamity, fertilization is one of the main counter-treatments for improvement of the situation, lowering and preventing the soil acidification and nutritional degradation. Both direct as well as indirect methods are used. At the direct fertilization, nutrients in the fertilizers increase and improve the nutrient cycles over the degraded or natural level. This causes an increase in the forest ecosystem production as the main aim of such a treatment. In the indirect way, the amelioration material accelerates the bio-cycles by improving biological activities of the soil - liming is the best example of these activities. Nutrients are mobilized by enhanced activity of the soil biota, increasing organic matter mineralization and decay. This also represents the main ecological risk of these activities: the enormous and non-natural organic matter decay. Different types of fertilizer can be used: liquid, firm, powdered, pelletized, based on natural substances such as carbonates or silicate nutrient-rich (basic) rocks. In all cases, the uses of all these treatments have to be based on the detailed ecological analysis of the locality, of the site and of the forest stand. Only in this case, fertilizer effects can be optimized and the risks minimized. Keywords: forest soils, degradation, amelioration, fertilization Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: S58-S64 Volume: 52 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/10161-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10161-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200620-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:52:y:2006:i:SpecialIssue:id:10161-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Lomský Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Šrámek Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Maxa Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Title: Fertilizing measures to decrease Norway spruce yellowing Abstract: At the end of nineties, within the mountain forests of the Krušné hory Mts., in connection with an increased acid deposition, the symptoms (yellowing) started to be visible, characterizing magnesium deficiency in the assimilation organs, when Mg contents were laying under 300 mg/kg. In mineral soil the Mg content is mostly less than 10 mg/kg. Contents of other basic elements (Ca, K) were also very low. During four years yellowing symptoms of the spruce stands have developed in an extent area of more that 10,000 ha. Since 1999, preventive measures have been adopted to improve the nutrition status of the forest stands. Liquid magnesium fertilizers as MgNsol, Lamag Mg, MgSsol were applied during the period of 1999-2002. Since 2001, in semi-operational experiment, powder Mg fertilizer - Silvamix F4 - of higher Mg content (63.3% MgO) was applied. Application of liquid fertilizer MgNsol has helped to compensate the nitrogen deficiency in the stands of insufficient nutrition in this element. Comparing of different types of liquid fertilizers has confirmed, that the highest increase of magnesium in assimilation organs was find in combined application of MgNsol and MgSsol fertilizers. Application of 300 kg/ha Silvamix F4 has increased the magnesium content in the first needle year class in 73% in average, potassium in 33%, calcium in 16%, and phosphorus in 85%. Besides increased nutrient content in needles also improvement of the health and phosphorus in 85%. Besides increased nutrient content in needles also improvement of the health state, i.e. revitalization of the stands affected can be observed. Keywords: Krušné hory Mts., spruce stands, yellowing, Mg deficiency, Mg fertilizers, revitalization Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: S65-S72 Volume: 52 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/10162-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10162-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200620-0009.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:52:y:2006:i:SpecialIssue:id:10162-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Remeš Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. V. Podrázský Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Fertilization of spruce monocultures in the territory of Training Forest Enterprise in Kostelec nad Černými lesy Abstract: Long-term fertilization effects were evaluated including NPK, Ca and N applications at the lower altitudes. The studied localities are in the territory of Training Forest Enterprise in Kostelec nad Černými lesy, at an altitude of 300-500 m a.s.l., sites of beech-oak-fir types. Fertilizers were used in 1965-1967, the evaluation of soil condition was done in 1967 (before fertilization) and 2002. After 25-35 years, only low effects of fertilization are detectable in the humus forms and complex soil profile - surface humus accumulation, soil chemistry, as well as nutrient contents. Complex fertilization was reflected in higher site fertility in general, N-fertilization only in the progress of acidification. During the period 1967-2002, a strong general trend of acidification is obvious caused by both acid deposition and Norway spruce monoculture-based forestry. Keywords: fertilization, Norway spruce, forest soils, humus forms, acidification, amelioration Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: S73-S78 Volume: 52 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/10163-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10163-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200620-0010.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:52:y:2006:i:SpecialIssue:id:10163-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Ozolincius Author-Workplace-Name: Ecology Department, Lithuanian Forest Research Institute, Kaunas distr., Lithuania Author-Name: K. Armolaitis Author-Workplace-Name: Ecology Department, Lithuanian Forest Research Institute, Kaunas distr., Lithuania Author-Name: A. Raguotis Author-Workplace-Name: Ecology Department, Lithuanian Forest Research Institute, Kaunas distr., Lithuania Author-Name: I. Varnagiryte Author-Workplace-Name: Ecology Department, Lithuanian Forest Research Institute, Kaunas distr., Lithuania Author-Name: J. Zenkovaite Author-Workplace-Name: Ecology Department, Lithuanian Forest Research Institute, Kaunas distr., Lithuania Title: Influence of wood ash recycling on chemical and biological condition of forest Arenosols Abstract: The investigations were conducted in the frame of EU Research project Wood for Energy - a Contribution to the Development of Sustainable Forest Management (2001-2005). The integrated wood ash experiment was set up in a 38-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stand on Arenosols in SW part of Lithuania. Raw (not hardened) wood ash and nitrogen fertilizers were applied in 6 variants: 1.25 t ash/ha; 2.5 t ash/ha; 5.0 t ash/ha; 180 kg N/ha; 2.5 t ash + 180 kg N/ha and control (no treatment). The changes of soil pH, the content of some nutrients, heavy metals in Arenosols and soil solution, the abundance of ammonifiers, nitrifiers and denitrifiers in forest floor and mineral topsoil after the application of wood ash are presented and discussed in this paper. Keywords: wood ash, scots pine stand, Arenosols, chemical properties, biological activity Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: S79-S86 Volume: 52 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/10164-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10164-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200620-0011.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:52:y:2006:i:SpecialIssue:id:10164-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Mládková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Borůvka Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: O. Drábek Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Vašát Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Factors influencing distribution of different Al forms in forest soils of the Jizerské hory Mts. Abstract: Soil acidification processes are the main factor influencing the distribution of different Al forms in forest soils. The intensity of these processes is given by different stand conditions and anthropic activity. This paper describes the influence of four selected stand factors on the distribution of basic soil characteristics and two Al forms in forest soils of the Jizerské hory Mts. Altitude, liming, soil type and forest cover type are studied as selected factors. Distribution of most soil characteristics in the organic horizon, including organically bound Al, is influenced by the altitude. Distribution of mobile Al form is mainly influenced by liming. In the mineral horizon, no decisive factor affecting the distribution of variables was found. Cartograms of spatial distribution of pH, mobile Al form and total Ca content documenting their spatial relationships are shown. Keywords: aluminium forms, forest soils, acidification Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: S87-S92 Volume: 52 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/10165-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10165-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200620-0012.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:52:y:2006:i:SpecialIssue:id:10165-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Świercz Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Geography, Pedagogical Academy, Kielce, Poland Title: Suitability of pine bark to evaluate pollution caused by cement-lime dust Abstract: The aim of this paper is to show the application of pine bark to indicate the level of air contamination by cement-lime dust and to determine the impact range of cement plants. The pine bark was analyzed in the forested formed around three cement plants in the Świętokrzyski administrative district (South of Poland). The test results were compared with the results gained from the controlled forested areas, free from alkali contamination. The strongly alkali areas show high pHH2O of bark in the range of 7.2-8.5 and low coefficient of change v% = 2.2. The pine bark values of pHH2O in the alkali areas are on average 2.5 times as high as those achieved in the controlled area (natural pH of bark shows the range of 2.8-3.5). On the basis of the measurements of pHH2O there are five alkali-forested spheres determined. The existence of the forest spheres confirms the variable mineral composition of the bark, and first of all the variable content of calcium, magnesium, potassium, aluminium, manganese, zinc and iron as a function of the distance from the emitter and real dust fall. Keywords: alkali dust, pine bark, pH Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: S93-S98 Volume: 52 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2006 DOI: 10.17221/10166-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10166-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200620-0013.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:52:y:2006:i:SpecialIssue:id:10166-JFS