Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Gryc Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: H. Vavrčík Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Horáček Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Variability in swelling of spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) wood with the presence of compression wood Abstract: Wood is a hygroscopic material that is affected by shape changes. The aim of this study was to analyse the variability of wood swelling in the individual anatomic directions. Wood swelling was examined on a sample tree containing compression wood. With regard to the presence of compression wood, the sample tree was divided into the following three zones: the compression wood zone (CW), the opposite wood zone (OW), and two side wood zones (SWL and SWR). The results show that the wood containing compression wood swells less at the transverse plane (in the radial and tangential direction). Conversely, the swelling of compression wood in the longitudinal direction is higher. The same proportion was established in the swelling coefficient that grew proportionally to the increasing wood density in all anatomic directions. The proportion of compression wood manifested its effects in different ways. Transversely (in the radial and tangential direction) the swelling coefficient decreased proportionally to the increasing percentage of compression wood, longitudinally, however, the opposite was the case. Keywords: spruce, swelling, compression wood Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 243-252 Volume: 53 Issue: 6 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2019-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2019-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200706-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:53:y:2007:i:6:id:2019-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Hamerník Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Musil Author-Workplace-Name: Brno, Czech Republic Title: The Pinus mugo complex - its structuring and general overview of the used nomenclature Abstract: The Pinus mugo complex (P. mugo Turra sensu lato, and/or species aggregate or group - P. mugo agg., including its internal as well as external aggregate hybrids) is an important fragment of European dendroflora. For its high variability this complicated group has not been solved in taxonomical terms satisfactorily yet. Most problems are mainly caused by a large amount of taxa of uncertain value described in the past, which often more or less overlap or are based on insufficiently researched and unsuitably interpreted characters. Such facts coincidently cause further problems in applied disciplines. Specialized European literature already contains a large amount of information referring to individual taxa of this complex. Much information is listed under various, often commonly not known or not used scientific names. In order to make the information available and useful, it was necessary to collect the most frequent names used in the past and to assort them in a tabular manner into a convenient synoptic schedule respecting the present concepts of the complex and assign them with the present most commonly used names. Keywords: Pinus mugo agg. (=P. mugo Turra [sensu lato] complex), P. uncinata Ram., P. rotundata Link, P. mugo Turra (sensu stricto), P. × pseudopumilio (Willk.) G. Beck, P. × digenea G. Beck, P. × celakovskiorum A. et Gr., P. rhaetica Brügger Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 253-266 Volume: 53 Issue: 6 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2020-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2020-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200706-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:53:y:2007:i:6:id:2020-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Moravčík Author-Workplace-Name: National Forest Centre - Forest Research Institute, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Title: Derivation of target structure for forests of Norway spruce vegetation zone in Slovakia Abstract: Forests of the Norway spruce altitudinal vegetation zone occur on the upper limit of tree vegetation and they fulfil important ecological and social functions. A great part of these forests are man-made ones with changed age and spatial structure. The basic objective of the care of these forests is improvement or regeneration of their structure so that it will approach the structure of natural and primeval forests. Maximum fulfilment of their basic functions should be ensured in this way. Therefore following the analysis of our own empirical material the target structure of these forests was derived. Outlook target structure was derived so that it would correspond to the state of the most preserved forest ecosystems occurring in the spruce vegetation zone. Achievable target structure was defined for man-made forests with entirely changed structure. Keywords: Norway spruce, target structure, naturalness vlase Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 267-277 Volume: 53 Issue: 6 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2018-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2018-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200706-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:53:y:2007:i:6:id:2018-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Jaworski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, Agricultural University of Cracow, Poland Author-Name: R. Podlaski Author-Workplace-Name: Division of General Biology and Nature Protection, Institute of Biology, University of Kielce, Poland Title: Processes of loss, recruitment, and increment in stands of a primeval character in selected areas of the Pieniny National Park (southern Poland) Abstract: Studies were carried out during 1987-1997 in four stands situated in the lower mountain zone, and representing the association Carici-Fagetum abietetosum (sample plots Facimiech and Walusiówka) and the community of a transitory character between Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum and Carici-Fagetum (sample plots Gródek and Przelecz Sosnów). The greatest volume increment was found in a pure fir (Abies alba) stand of Facimiech (9.4 m3/ha/year, i.e. 1.4% of actual stand volume determined in 1997) being in the optimum stage, phase of aging and regeneration, and the smallest one stand of Gródek (5.3 m3/ha/year, i.e. 0.9% of actual stand volume) being in the growing up stage, phase of selection forest. The stand of Przelcz Sosnów was characterized by the greatest mortality of trees (volume of loss, i.e. 13.5 m3/ha/year). In this stand of a transitory character between the growing up and optimum stages, due to rapid mortality of fir the break up of the stand took place, and in consequence the growing up stage, phase of a little diversified stratified structure was developed. Volume of recruitment was the greatest in the stand of Facimiech, i.e. 0.05 m3/ha/year. In three fir (Abies alba)-beech (Fagus sylvatica) stands the proportions of fir and beech in stand increment differed from their proportions in stand volume. The percentage of fir in volume increment was smaller, and that of beech greater, than their percentages in stand volume. Processes of increment and mortality of fir and beech pointed to a progressive process of changes taking place in stand species composition, expressed by the increase of beech and the decrease of fir. The knowledge about values of loss, recruitment, and increment, expressed by the number of trees and volume units, may be of help in determination of the amount of cut in productive and protective forests managed according to a close-to-nature silviculture. Keywords: forest of a primeval character, developmental stages and phases, fir mortality, Fagus sylvatica, Abies alba Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 278-289 Volume: 53 Issue: 6 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2017-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2017-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200706-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:53:y:2007:i:6:id:2017-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Schmithüsen Author-Workplace-Name: Zurich, Switzerland Title: Multifunctional forestry practices as a land use strategy to meet increasing private and public demands in modern societies Abstract: The present distribution of forests and the degree of their transformation by man are the results of natural factors and cultural development. The limit between forested areas and open spaces, as well as differences between intensively used forests and those showing small or no traces of human intervention, is determined by social needs and values, economic opportunities, and political regulations. Forests are currently perceived by the population as physical and social spaces profoundly influenced by timber use and forest management. Their social and political significance is in full evolution. The multiple demands on forests in a rapidly evolving economic, social, and political environment require maintaining a high level of forest management standards and a flexible adaptation of multiple-use forestry to the complex interactions between the private and public sectors. Keywords: forestry development, multifunctional land use, environmental perception, nontimber benefits, forest policy Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 290-298 Volume: 53 Issue: 6 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2016-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2016-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200706-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:53:y:2007:i:6:id:2016-JFS