Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Remeš Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Šíša Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Biological activity of anthropogenic soils after spoil-bank forest reclamation Abstract: The paper presents the results of relatively long-term research focused on spoil bank revitalization pro-cesses in the North Bohemian Brown Coal Basin after the first three years of observations. The biological activity of soil (namely catalase and phosphatase activity), indicators of basal and potential soil respiration, ammonification and growth, development and nutrition status of forest plantations were selected as indicators of this revitalization process. These parameters were determined in five localities of different age of reclamation where different technological approaches and tree species compositions were used. The results confirm the distinct time dependence of revitalization processes. From the aspect of biological activity older reclamations are close to natural forest soil. The enrichment of top soil layer with organic matter before the plantation (by ploughing in cellulose fibres and peat addition) increased some parameters of soil biological activity. The positive amelioration effect of black alder (Alnus glutinosa) was also confirmed. Keywords: afforestation, forest stands, respiration, ammonification, enzyme activities, amelioration Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 299-307 Volume: 53 Issue: 7 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2075-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2075-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200707-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:53:y:2007:i:7:id:2075-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Pająk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry, Agricultural University of Cracow, Cracow, Poland Author-Name: W. Krzaklewski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry, Agricultural University of Cracow, Cracow, Poland Title: Selected physical properties of initial soils on the outside spoil bank of the Belchatow brown coal mine Abstract: The purpose of the study was to assess, in respect of selected physical properties, the reclamation of the northern slope of the outside spoil bank of the Belchatów brown coal mine by reforestation carried out 20 years ago. Investigations were carried out on 55 permanent research plots. This study confirmed the efficiency of reclamation of strip-mine spoils, and its results allowed to point out the properties of initial soils as the most useful characteristics for the assessment of land reclamation by reforestation. Keywords: forest reclamation, spoil bank, initial soils Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 308-313 Volume: 53 Issue: 7 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2077-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2077-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200707-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:53:y:2007:i:7:id:2077-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Naghdi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, The University of Guilan, Sowmehsara, Iran Author-Name: I. Bagheri Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, The University of Guilan, Sowmehsara, Iran Author-Name: M. Akef Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, The University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Author-Name: A. Mahdavi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilam, Ilam, Iran Title: Soil compaction caused by 450C Timber Jack wheeled skidder (Shefarood forest, northern Iran) Abstract: In forest harvesting operations usually after using skidding machinery (skidders), traces of soil damage in the form of soil compaction and wheel and logs ruts can be seen in the forest soil. Soil bulk density, which represents soil compaction, decreases soil porosity, infiltration rate and aeration and these in turn increase runoff and water erosion in the harvested area. On the other hand, a decrease in soil aeration prevents root growth and decreases the vegetative cover. In this study the changes in soil bulk density and relative soil compaction due to a different number of wheeled skidder passes from stump to landing for two soil types (clay soil with high and low liquid limits, CH, CL) are analyzed. The results showed that the effect of skidder traffic on an increase in soil bulk density at sample locations was significant (α = 0.05). The range of soil bulk density increases in sample pits due to a different number of machinery passes was from 15.8% to 62.6% compared to the control area. The findings of this research showed that the interaction effect of skidder traffic and soil type on soil bulk density changes was not significant. Also the highest significant increase in soil bulk density occurred at the first 11 passes in skidding trails and from this number of passes onwards there was no significant difference in the soil bulk density increase in sample locations. Keywords: soil compaction, forest soil, wheeled skidder, Iran Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 314-319 Volume: 53 Issue: 7 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2026-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2026-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200707-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:53:y:2007:i:7:id:2026-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Cancino Author-Workplace-Name: Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile Author-Name: J. Saborowski Author-Workplace-Name: Fakultät für Forstwissenschaften und Waldökologie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany Title: Improving RBS estimates - effects of the auxiliary variable, stratification of the crown, and deletion of segments on the precision of estimates Abstract: Randomized Branch Sampling (RBS) is a multistage sampling procedure using natural branching in order to select samples for the estimation of tree characteristics. The existing variants of the RBS method use unequal selection probabilities based on an appropriate auxiliary variable, and selection with or without replacement. In the present study, the effects of the choice of the auxiliary variable, of the deletion of segments, and of the stratification of the tree crown on the sampling error were analyzed. In the analysis, trees of three species with complete crown data were used: Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.), European mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia L.) and Monterey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don). The results clearly indicate that the choice of the auxiliary variable affects both the precision of the estimate and the distribution of the samples within the crown. The smallest variances were achieved with the diameter of the segments to the power of 2.0 (Norway spruce) up to 2.55 (European mountain ash) as an auxiliary variable. Deletion of great sized segments yielded higher precision in almost all cases. Stratification of the crown was not generally successful in terms of a reduction of sampling errors. Only in combination with deletion of stem segments, a clear improvement in the precision of the estimate could be observed, depending on species, tree, target variable, and definition and number of strata on the tree. For the trees divided into two strata, the decrease in the coefficient of variation of the estimate lies between 10% (European mountain ash) and 80% (old pine) compared with that for unstratified trees. For three strata, the decrease varied between 50% (European mountain ash) and 85% (old pine). Keywords: randomized branch sampling, multistage sampling, unequal selection probabilities, auxiliary variables, pps-sampling Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 320-333 Volume: 53 Issue: 7 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2078-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2078-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200707-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:53:y:2007:i:7:id:2078-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Foit Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: The fauna of cambioxylophagous insects on Scots pine trees declined after spells of drought in 2003 Abstract: The paper deals with cambioxylophagous insects on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees. Research was conducted in forest stands growing on steep slopes on the left bank of the Otava River about 1 km north of Písek. These are nearly unmanaged stands of a special-purpose function with the natural occurrence of Scots pine. In total, twenty standing trees at 60 to 160 years of age that died after the spell of drought in 2003 were analysed. The composition of the community of cambioxylophagous insects was recorded in detail. The frequencies of occurrence of particular insect species were determined. In total, 34 species of cambioxylophagous insects were recorded. The order Coleoptera was quite a dominant group and within the order bark beetles (Scolytidae) and longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) prevailed. The median of the species developing on one tree was 11. Tomicus piniperda (L.) was markedly the most frequent species with the frequency of occurrence 90%. Based on the composition of the communities of cambioxylophagous insects the potential importance of the insect in the decline of the analysed Scots pine trees was evaluated. Cambioxylophagous insects probably played a secondary role there. Keywords: community, cambioxylophagous insects, Scots pine, drought spell Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 334-339 Volume: 53 Issue: 7 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2079-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2079-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200707-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:53:y:2007:i:7:id:2079-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Suchomel Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Contribution to the knowledge of Clethrionomys glareolus populations in forests of managed landscape in Southern Moravia (Czech Republic) Abstract: In intensively managed landscape, the dynamics of the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus, Cg) populations was studied in three types of forest complexes which differed in food supply. The first type was an old semi-natural forest with dominance of oak (HL), the second was a production broad-leaved forest with dominant oak and black locust (HA), and the third was a pheasantry with a variable mixture of forest stands of various woody species and age with a permanent supply of food for pheasants and roe deer (RB). The population fluctuations in four years of research were influenced by the seed year (2003, oak mast harvest), so higher population densities remained for the next two years. The influence of mast crop on the weight of individuals was statistically significant (α = 0.05, P = 0.0484). Probable niche vacation (Apodemus flavicollis, Af densities lowered) was the reason for another high abundance year (2005). There were no significant differences in abundance between the localities as the Cg population was influenced comparably by the seed crop. There was only a tendency to prefer the most variable biotope in RB. There was a strong impact on the forest regeneration in tree plantings during the winter 2004/2005. The importance of abundance prediction by abundance monitoring was stressed as needed for impact prevention. Keywords: bank vole, forests in managed landscape, population dynamic, food supply Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 340-344 Volume: 53 Issue: 7 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2076-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2076-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200707-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:53:y:2007:i:7:id:2076-JFS