Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C. Kühne Author-Workplace-Name: Department I: Silviculture of Temperate Zones and Forest Ecology, Institute of Silviculture, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany Author-Name: N. Bartsch Author-Workplace-Name: Department I: Silviculture of Temperate Zones and Forest Ecology, Institute of Silviculture, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany Title: Germination of acorns and development of oak seedlings (Quercus robur L.) following flooding Abstract: Seeds and seedlings of Quercus robur, a characteristic tree species of the hardwood floodplain forests along the Rhine River, demonstrated high resistance to complete inundation under controlled conditions. In both experimental trials no significant difference between the different flooding periods (8, 10, and 12 weeks) could be established either for shoot emergence or for the measured morphological growth parameters. Flooding delayed the germination of submerged acorns till the end of inundation. However, seeds of the flooding treatments had significantly higher germination rates than the non-flooded acorns of the control. Likewise, dry weights of seedlings from the flooded seeds were significantly higher than those of seedlings from seeds not flooded. Aboveground growth in the 24-week growth period following flooding was reduced in favour of root development in either trial of the experiment. Restricted leaf development and reduced shoot elongation stalled the growth of young oaks in the seedling trial. The results confirm knowledge from earlier experiments about the flood tolerance of Quercus robur seed and seedlings. They also serve to explain why oak seedlings are widespread on the Rhine floodplain after mast years, but gradually disappear in successive years. Keywords: inundation, experiment, mortality, morphology, recovery, pedunculate oak Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 391-399 Volume: 53 Issue: 9 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2144-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2144-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200709-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:53:y:2007:i:9:id:2144-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Tomášková Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Plants Ecological Physiology, Institute of Systems Biology and Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Pokorný Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Plants Ecological Physiology, Institute of Systems Biology and Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. V. Marek Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Plants Ecological Physiology, Institute of Systems Biology and Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Influence of stand density, thinning and elevated CO2 on stem wood density of spruce Abstract: Stem wood density (SWD) of young Norway spruce trees (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) growing at ambient (A variant, 350 µmol(CO2)/mol) and elevated (E variant, A + 350 µmol(CO2)/mol) atmospheric CO2 concentration inside of the glass domes with adjustable windows was estimated after six and eight years of the cultivation. Stand density of two subvariants (s - sparse with ca 5,000 trees/ha and d - dense with ca 10,000 trees/ha) and thinning impact (intensity of 27%) on SWD and its variation along the stem vertical profile were investigated. After six years of CO2 fumigation, stems of sparse subvariant had about 10% lower values of SWD comparing to dense ones, although the difference was not statistically significant. In 2004 (two years after thinning), the SWD values were higher in all subvariants along the whole stem vertical profile. This increase was more obvious in E variant (about 6% in d subvariant and only 3% in s subvariant). The highest increase of SWD values was found in Ed subvariant, particularly in the middle stem part (about 8%, statistically significant increase). Keywords: elevated CO2, Picea abies, stand density, stem wood density, thinning Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 400-405 Volume: 53 Issue: 9 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2142-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2142-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200709-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:53:y:2007:i:9:id:2142-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Malík Author-Workplace-Name: School Forest Enterprise at Kostelec nad Černými lesy, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Karnet Author-Workplace-Name: School Forest Enterprise at Kostelec nad Černými lesy, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Game damage to forest trees Abstract: Humans should behave in such a way that they will not endanger the existence of other living entities. After all, human activities affected the tree species composition and wildlife living conditions. Humans are now responsible for the preservation of delicate equilibrium in nature. Two localities were chosen for the research of game damage caused to standing trees - shooting areas Lužánky and Červený jelen, both situated in the vicinity of Jindřichův Hradec in South Bohemia. Seasonal character of tree-damage origin as well as its relation to the chemical content of spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) and pine (Pinus sylvestris [L.]) bark were investigated. This area is typical of high game stock; trees are damaged by browsing and bark stripping. Particular advice for game management with respect to minimizing tree damage is presented. The data set of chemical bark analyses was statistically evaluated by t- and F-test and significant differences in element contents were detected between damaged and undamaged pine bark for N-substances (P = 0.003309), Ca (P = 0.001460), P (P = 0.004343), Mg (P = 0.001419) and K (P = 0.016290). Humans have influenced many changes in the distribution of different animal and plant species. Among others they are responsible for the altered species composition. Typically the extinction of large predators produces changes in food chains. In forest stands influenced by human activities the reasonable game management and the regulation of game stock seems to be one of the main tools in forest protection. Keywords: bark, nutrients, hoofed game damage, browsing Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 406-412 Volume: 53 Issue: 9 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2143-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2143-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200709-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:53:y:2007:i:9:id:2143-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Kula Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Kajfosz Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: W. Ząbecki Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, Cracow, Poland Title: Cambioxylophagous fauna of young spruce stands damaged by snow in the Beskids Abstract: In 25 to 40-years-old stands damaged by snow in the Beskids, the fauna of cambioxylophages was analyzed both on standing breaks and lying break-off stems. Breaks are characterized by the gradually drying phloem, watered phloem and secondary fauna (Hylurgops palliatus, Hylocoetes dermestoides, Dryocoetes sp., Monochamu sp.), which does not represent any danger to spruce stands. The phloem on lying breaks withered and died till the end of the growing season. The competing species Pityogenes chalcographus (L.) (46-52% cov-er) and species of the genus Dryocoetes (20% cover) colonized the breaks in particular. The upper and the lower side of the lying breaks-off differ in the intensity of attack and the degree of cover of these species. In young broken and open stands with the unprocessed wood of lying breaks-off there occurs a risk of the creation of bark beetle circles in the subsequent year after the damage. Keywords: Norway spruce, the Beskids, cambioxylophages, snowbreaks, young stands Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 413-423 Volume: 53 Issue: 9 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2141-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2141-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200709-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:53:y:2007:i:9:id:2141-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Urban Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Occurrence, biology and harmfulness of Galerucella lineola (F.) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) - Part 2. Larvae and this year's beetles Abstract: The second part of the paper deals with the development and harmfulness of larvae and maturation feeding of this year's beetles of Galerucella lineola (F.) before leaving for winter habitats. Embryogenesis takes on average 12 (in the laboratory 9) days. In the area of Žďár situated at a higher and colder location, larvae of the alder biological form occur on Alnus glutinosa and A. incana from June to August. In the warmer lowland area of Brno, larvae of the willow form occur on Salix triandra, S. viminalis and S. caprea from the 3rd decade of May to the beginning of August. In the laboratory, larvae of the alder form developed on average 16 days and larvae of the willow form 13 days. Larvae of the alder form damage on average 9.7 cm2 leaves of A. glutinosa and larvae of the willow form 6.0 cm2 leaves of Salix caprea. This year's imagoes occur in the area of Žďár on alders from mid-July to the end of October and during 3 weeks, they damage on average 16 cm2 leaves of A. glutinosa. This year's imagoes occur on willows in the area of Brno from the end of June to the end of August. During 2 weeks, they damage on average 12 cm2 leaves of S. caprea. The chrysomelid development is univoltine (in southern parts of Moravia partly bivoltine). The alder biological form of G. lineola produced 2 (the willow form even 4) incomplete generations in the laboratory. This year's imagoes damaged on average 36.6 cm2 of S. caprea and laid 122 to 887 (on average 528) eggs. In the area of Brno, imagoes of the willow form were up to 65% parasitized by Medina collaris (Fall.) (Tachinidae).Tachinidae). Keywords: Chrysomelidae, Galerucella lineola, development of larvae, maturation feeding this year's beetles, generation conditions, natural enemies, harmfulness Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 424-444 Volume: 53 Issue: 9 Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2145-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2145-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200709-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:53:y:2007:i:9:id:2145-JFS