Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Holuša Title: Preface - International Conference Species Diversity, Population Structure and Impact of Animals and Fungi on Forest Functions in Anthropogenically Affected Spruce Forests Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 1-2 Volume: 53 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2152-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2152-JFS.html File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:53:y:2007:i:SpecialIssue:id:2152-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: O. Holuša Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Composition of psocid taxocenoses (Insecta: Psocoptera) in Fageti-Piceeta s. lat. and Piceeta s. lat. forests in the Western Carpathian Mts. Abstract: Psocid taxocenoses (Psocoptera) were studied in forest ecosystems of the Western Carpathian Mts. during 1997-2001. As a study frame were used altitudinal vegetation zones (according to PLÍVA 1971, 1991). Lower units of forest typological system (forest type complexes) were used for a classification of ecological conditions as well. Within this work can be the term "mountain spruce forest" understood as following communities of altitudinal vegetation zones (AVZ): the 7th - Fageti-Piceeta s. lat. and the 8th - Piceetas. lat. These AVZ occur in the study area in the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts. in the Czech Republic and the Oravské Beskydy Mts. in the Slovakia 2,461 adults comprising 16 species were found in total: 12 species (eudominant species Caecilius despaxi, Mesopsocus unipunctatus, dominant species Stenopsocus lachlani, Amphigerontia bifasciataand Caecilius burmeisteri were found in the 7th AVZ and an equal number of species was found in the 8th AVZ (eudominant species Caecilius despaxi, Stenopsocus lachlani). Taxocenoses of psocids were evaluated by Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and Divisive Cluster Analysis (DvClA). Material was compared with other material gained from various altitudinal vegetation zones in the Outer Western Carpathians Mts. Characteristic species composition of psocids in the 7 th and 8th altitudinal vegetation zones were designated: the 7th AVZ - Caecilius despaxi - Amphigerontia bifasciata - Mesopsocus unipunctatus - Stenopsocus lachlani, the 8th AVZ is identical but with different species dominance. Keywords: Psocoptera, taxocenoses, diversity, forest ecosystems, altitudinal vegetation zones, Fageti-Piceeta s. lat., Piceet s. lat., Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts., Oravské Beskydy Mts., Western Carpathian Mts Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 3-10 Volume: 53 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2156-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2156-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200720-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:53:y:2007:i:SpecialIssue:id:2156-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Holuša Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Frýdek-Místek, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Trýzna Author-Workplace-Name: Research and Nature Conservation Department, Bohemian Switzerland National Park Administration, Krásná Lípa, Czech Republic Title: Flight activity of Anthribus nebulosus Forster, 1770 (Coleoptera: Anthribidae) and notes to its life history Abstract: In the Czech Republic, A. nebulosus occurs in coniferous, deciduous as well as in mixed forests, in lowland forests and even on forest-steppe habitats. Larvae occur mainly on Picea sp., Pinus sp. and Abies sp.; adults occur on the same tree species and also on Larix sp., Quercus sp., Salix sp. and Fagus sp. Adults overwinter in the bark of several coniferous trees with thicker bark (mainly Pinus sylvestris L. and Larix decidua Mill.) where they are hidden in cracks. Woodpeckers attack such trees with masses ofA. nebulosus very intensively. In five localities with Malaise traps in the Nízký Jeseník Hills, the flight activity started at the beginning of May and ended in mid-June with the peak at the end of May and beginning of June in 2005. In 2006, the flight activity started later in mid-May and lasted to the beginning of July but was interrupted by cold and rainy weather. At higher altitudes were beetles sampled only in the first half of June in 2006. The size of males and females is very similar. In total, pronotum width of males varied between 0.85 mm and 2.40 mm, and females between 1.00 mm and 2.30 mm. There is no statistically significant difference between them. The equal sex ratio found in our material could confirm the fact that the flight activity of both sexes is the same. Keywords: Anthribus nebulosus, faunistics, biology, flight activity, body size, Czech Republic Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 11-15 Volume: 53 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2150-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2150-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200720-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:53:y:2007:i:SpecialIssue:id:2150-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Švestka Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Znojmo, Czech Republic Title: Ecological conditions influencing the localization of egg-laying by females of the cockchafer (Melolontha hippocastani F.) Abstract: We explored the ecological conditions, which influence the female Melolontha hippocastani F. in their selection of the locality for laying eggs. In the region of mass outbreak of M. hippocastani in the south-eastern part of the Czech Republic in selected experimental sample plots including 1 to 8 year-old forest plantations we explored the extent of losses caused by white grub feeding and the relation between the extent of the damage and the individual characteristics of the experimental plots. The relation between the extent of the damage and the method of establishment of the stands and degree of weed infestation at the time of swarming was evaluated statistically. The daily temperatures at the time of M. hippocastani swarming were recorded by means of automatic meteorological stations. A light trap was used to monitor the course of swarming. Keywords: forest protection, Melolontha hippocastani F., white grub feeding, losses in forest plantation Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 16-24 Volume: 53 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2151-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2151-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200720-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:53:y:2007:i:SpecialIssue:id:2151-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Turčáni Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: O. Nakládal Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: The results of manipulated experiments with inoculation of Ips typographus (L., 1758) to spruce trees under various levels of water stress Abstract: Manipulated experiments with males of Ips typographus (L., 1758) were conducted in spruce stands in north-western Slovakia. Some of trees were stressed by a lack of water caused by preparation of roofs under canopy. Inoculation experiments with bark beetles were conducted on such trees. According to results, the differences in attack rates between differently positioned trees on slope were not statistically significant (P = 0.389 for bottom and middle and P = 0.924 for bottom and top, and P = 0.530 for middle and top trees, t-test). Also the differences in attacks rate and the speed of entry holes preparation between more stressed and less-stressed trees were not statistically significant (P = 0.321, t-test). Thus the results of inoculation confirmed that low level of water stress does not lead necessarily to higher attack rate and (neither) faster speed of entry holes preparation. The obtained results are discussed. Keywords: Ips typographus, spruce, water stress, manipulated inoculation experiments Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 25-30 Volume: 53 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2159-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2159-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200720-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:53:y:2007:i:SpecialIssue:id:2159-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Turčáni Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Vakula Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Protection and Game Management, National Forest Centre - Forest Research Institute in Zvolen, Research Station Banská Štiavnica, Slovakia Title: The influence of irradiation on the behaviour and reproduction success of eight toothed bark beetle Ips typographus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) Abstract: Irradiation experiments on Ips typographus (L., 1758) with doses of 15 and 30 Gy (cobalt 60) were conducted in 2006. The effect of irradiation on the mating behaviour and reproduction success of the bark beetle has been evaluated in rearing experiments in the laboratory. The effect of treatment on basic rearing parameters - (a) galleries per log, (b) mating chambers per log, (c) galleries with mother tunnels, (d) galleries with larvae tunnels, (e) mother tunnels - was not statistically significant - (a) F = 0.609, d.f. = 4, P = 0.560; (b) F = 1.883, d.f. = 4, P = 0.194; (c) F = 1.322, d.f. = 4, P = 0.303; (d) F = 0.373, d.f. = 4, P = 0.697; (e) F = 0.519, d.f. = 4, P = 0.608, ANOVA. The comparison of detailed rearing parameters showed statistically significant differences in the size of the mating chamber only, when both irradiated variants produced a larger mating chamber than did the control beetles (F = 5.113, d.f. = 4, P = 0.025, ANOVA). Irradiation changed the behaviour of males, so that they moved significantly faster than males in control (n = 18, P = 0.001, t-test), and 15 Gy irradiated males were significantly more successful in competition for females than 30 Gy irradiated males (F = 8.067, d.f. = 6, P = 0.015, ANOVA). In contrast, the number of eggs produced by females was significantly lower in the 15 Gy (F = 5.13, d.f. = 17, P = 0.029, ANOVA) and 30 Gy (F = 5.292, d.f. = 17, P = 0.028, ANOVA) irradiated variants as compared to the control and, the number of hatched eggs was significantly higher in the control group than in the 15 Gy (F = 5.415, d.f. = 17, P = 0.025, ANOVA) and 30 Gy (F = 6.916, d.f. = 17, P = 0.014, ANOVA) variants. The results are discussed below. Keywords: Ips typographus, irradiation, sterile insect technique, reproduction success Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 31-37 Volume: 53 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2154-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2154-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200720-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:53:y:2007:i:SpecialIssue:id:2154-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: W. Grodzki Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Management in Mountain Regions, Forest Research Institute, Cracow, Poland Title: Spatio-temporal patterns of the Norway spruce decline in the Beskid Śląski and Żywiecki (Western Carpathians) in southern Poland Abstract: A dramatic forest decline due to the bark beetle outbreak, which occurs in the Norway spruce stands in the Western Beskidy (southern Poland) since 2003, was started after severe physiological drought during winter time. An analysis describing some spatio-temporal characteristics of this process, with special regard to the patterns of bark beetle occurrence related to root fungal diseases, is presented. In 2003 the bark beetle occurrence level assessed as high and catastrophic was recorded on 40% of the area, while in 2006 - on 59%. The range of Armillaria root disease and bark beetle outbreak increased towards higher altitudes, including the zone above 1,000 m a.s.l. The wind damage in 2004 and 2007, and high temperatures in the summer 2006, further stimulated the increase in bark beetle populations level. Some conclusions on possible development of the outbreak and recommendations concerning related needs in forest protection, are given. Keywords: Picea abies (L.) Karst., bark beetles, mountain forests, spatial analysis Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 38-44 Volume: 53 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2155-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2155-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200720-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:53:y:2007:i:SpecialIssue:id:2155-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Turčáni Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Hlásny Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ecology and Biodiversity of Forest Ecosystems, National Forest Centre - Forest Research Institute, Zvolen, Slovakia Title: Spatial distribution of four spruce bark beetles in north-western Slovakia Abstract: Infestation density of four the most common spruce bark beetle species was estimated on 15 study sites (10 trees per site) in the Kysuce model region in 2006. Five half-metre long sections of the stem were selected and dissected at the base of the stem; midway between the base of the stem and the base of the crown; just below the base of the crown; in the middle of the crown; and in the upper part of the crown. The infestation density of bark beetles, expressed as the number of mating chambers per dm2, was determined. Ordinary kriging was then used to produce smooth maps and visualize spatial distribution of study species. Maps with isolines indicating high infestation were produced for study species (I. Typographus over 0.38; (I. amitinus over 0.15; (I. duplicatus over 0.11; and P. chalcographus over 0.415 nuptial chambers per dm2). Ips typographus L. remained dominant species on majority of sites having high intensity of infestation. Lower altitudes in the south-eastern part of the region were often infested by I. duplicatus Sahlberg and also by I. typographu and Pityogenes chalcographus L. Higher elevations in the north-eastern part of territory in the vicinity of border with Poland were heavily infested by I. amitinus Eichhoff (often with I. typographus). P. chalcographus was abundant on majority of territory - mainly in southern half of area. However locally, it was found in extremely high abundance. The results suggest the need for control measures set up jointly against the most abundant bark beetle species in study region. Keywords: bark beetles, infested spruces, spatial distribution, kriging Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 45-52 Volume: 53 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2157-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2157-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200720-0008.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:53:y:2007:i:SpecialIssue:id:2157-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: O. Nakládal Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Turčáni Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Contribution to knowledge of Hylesinus fraxini (Panzer, 1779) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) natural enemies from Northern Moravia (Czech Republic) Abstract: Predation by natural enemies was studied as mortality factors of Hylesinus fraxini in 2006-2007. Predation by birds was not recorded and predation rate by insect reached 0.1%. Only one insect predator was reared - Thanasimus formicarius (Linnaeus, 1758). The total rate of parasitism was 54.0%. At least 8 species of parasitoids from the order Hymenoptera were recorded. The most abundant parasitoid was Eurytoma morio Boheman, 1836 (44.1% from the total number of all reared parasitoids; 23.8% of the total mortality), subsequently Eurytoma arctica Thomson, 1876 (31.7%; 17.1%), Cheiropachus quadrum (Fabricius, 1787) (12.8%; 6.9%), Braconidae (6.3%; 3.4%), Rhaphitelus maculatus Walker, 1834 (3.9%; 2.1%), Mesopolobus sp. (0.5%; 0.3%), were not identified Pteromalidae (0.5%; 0.3%) and Tetrastichus sp. (0.2%; 0.1%). Keywords: predators, parasitoids, natural enemies, bark beetles, Hylesinus fraxini, Thanasimus formicarius, Cheiro- pachus quadrum, Eurytoma morio, Eurytoma arctica, Czech Republic, Central Europe Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 53-56 Volume: 53 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2158-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2158-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200720-0009.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:53:y:2007:i:SpecialIssue:id:2158-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Holuša Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Liška Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Modlinger Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Véle Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic Title: On the occurrence of web-spinning sawflies of the genus Cephalcia (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae) in the Czech Republic Keywords: Cephalcia, faunistics, Norway spruce, mountains, Czech Republic Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 57-62 Volume: 53 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2161-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2161-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200720-0010.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:53:y:2007:i:SpecialIssue:id:2161-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Jachym Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Management in Mountain Regions, Forest Research Institute, Cracow, Poland Title: Web-spinning sawflies of the genus Cephalcia Panzer (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae) in the Picea abies forests of the Beskidy Mountains (Poland) Abstract: This article presents a review of data and results of investigations from the period 1958-2006 regarding the occurrence of insects of the genus Cephalcia Panzer (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae) in Norway spruce stands of the Beskidy Mountains (Western Carpathians, southern Poland). Currently, eight species are known for the area: C. abietis, C. alashanica, C. alpina, C. annulicornis, C. arvensis, C. erythrogaster, C. fulva and C. masuttii. Information regarding each species is given, with details on identification, local occurrence and importance. Keywords: web-spinning sawfly, Picea abies, Cephalcia, Beskidy Mountains, Poland Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 63-68 Volume: 53 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2149-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2149-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200720-0011.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:53:y:2007:i:SpecialIssue:id:2149-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Holuša Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Frýdek-Místek, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Lubojacký Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Correlation between flight activity of sawflies Pristiphora abietina, P. saxesenii, P. gerula and P. leucopodia (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) and spruce (Picea abies) bud breaking in Eastern Czech Republic Abstract: The flight activity of spruce tenthredinids were studied using Malaise traps and yellow sticky boards in young spruce forests in the Nízký Jeseník Hills during years 2005 and 2006. In most cases, studied species (Pristiphora abietina, Pristiphora saxesenii, Pristiphora gerula, Pristiphora leucopodia) showed a statistically significant correlation between numbers of specimens caught at two- or three-day periods and numbers of budded spruces in both years. Keywords: Pristiphora abietina, Pristiphora saxesenii, Pristiphora gerula, Pristiphora leucopodia, Malaise trap, yellow sticky boards, flight activity, spruce bud breaking, correlation Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 69-73 Volume: 53 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2153-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2153-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200720-0012.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:53:y:2007:i:SpecialIssue:id:2153-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ľ. Vidlička Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Zoology Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia Author-Name: J. Holuša Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Frýdek-Místek, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Neuroptera, Raphidioptera and Mecoptera assemblages inhabiting young spruce (Picea abies) forests: dominance structure and seasonal activity patterns Abstract: Neuropteroid insects (Neuroptera, Raphidioptera) and scorpion flies (Mecoptera) were studied in six young spruce forest localities in the eastern part of the Czech Republic during years 2005 and 2006. Twenty-seven species of lacewings, four species of snake flies and four species of scorpion flies were found using the Malaise traps. Consequently, the seasonal flight activity of the seven most abundant species (Chrysopa perla, Hemerobius pini, Hemerobius humulinus, Dichrostigma flavipes, Phaeostigma notata, Panorpa communis and Panorpa germanica) is discussed. Keywords: Malaise traps, Neuroptera, Raphidioptera, Mecoptera, seasonal flight activity, faunistics, Czech Republic Change Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 74-81 Volume: 53 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2162-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2162-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200720-0013.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:53:y:2007:i:SpecialIssue:id:2162-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Pešková Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Title: Changes in the mycorrhizal status of some mountain spruce forests Abstract: In the present study, the defoliation status of spruce stands is related to mycorrhizal conditions and presence of mycorrhizal macromycetes fungi in two localities at the highest sites of the Krkonoše Mts. In the long-term view, the defoliation and the diversity of mycorrhizal fungi have improved but the number of active as well as nonactive mycorrhizae has decreased while their ratio has not changed. Statistically significant is the correlation between the total number of mycorrhizae and pH. The results within last years of observations as well as in comparison to the conditions in the last decade show that mountain spruce stands growing at non-exposed sites are tolerant to a degradation of mycorrhizal conditions resulting from the long-term air pollution impact. The studied parameters of mycorrhizal symbiosis have not shown a clear trend; their results however indicate the stabilized mycorrhizal state. Positive changes can be seen in the total increase of macromycetes diversity as well as in the apparent increase of percentage of macromycetes in the studied localities, which correlates to the moderately improving defoliation. Keywords: mycorrhizae, root, mycorrhizal fungi, defoliation, Picea abies Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 82-88 Volume: 53 Issue: SpecialIssue Year: 2007 DOI: 10.17221/2160-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2160-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200720-0014.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:53:y:2007:i:SpecialIssue:id:2160-JFS