Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Hobza Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: O. Mauer Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Pop Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Current use of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) for artificial regeneration of forests in the air-polluted areas Abstract: The paper deals with the use of European beech in the reconstruction of substitute species stands and in the regeneration of existing spruce stands in the air-polluted region of the north-eastern Krušné hory Mts. (air-pollution damage zones A, B, forest altitudinal vegetation zones 6 and 7, acidophilic sites). Twenty stand situations were analyzed during the study. The study objective was to compare the growth of European beech plantations in the Krušné hory Mts. with the growth of plantations of the same age in similar sites in the unpolluted region of the Bohemian-Moravian Upland (air-pollution damage zones C, D, forest altitudinal vegetation zone 6, acidophilic site). Each plant was assessed for eight growth and visually classified parameters and traits. Results of the survey showed that in the existing air-pollution and climatic situation, it is possible to switch to normal (shelterwood) beech management of higher elevations in the north-eastern Krušné hory Mts. The stands of substitute species and the current stands of Norway spruce may effectively eliminate injuries caused by late frost. Keywords: European beech, stand of substitute species, reconstruction, shelterwood system Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 139-149 Volume: 54 Issue: 4 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/788-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/788-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200804-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:54:y:2008:i:4:id:788-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Štofko Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia Author-Name: M. Kodrík Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia Title: Comparison of the root system architecture between windthrown and undamaged spruces growing in poorly drained sites Abstract: In the locality Hnilé Blatá (High Tatras Mts.) the parameters of root plates and the number, length and diameter of the individual root branches in windthrows and standing Norway spruces (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) were measured. Individual root branches were classified to 12 diameter classes according to their diameter measured in the middle of the root branch length. Using random sampling, 21 windthrows were selected. In their neighbourhood, another 21 undamaged trees were selected on the basis of their similarity in aboveground parameters and they were uprooted by a tractor winch. We found out significantly higher mean values of the vertical radius, the average width and theoretical surface of root plates in undamaged spruces. Mean values of root branch frequency in the first six diameter classes (up to 6 cm) were higher in undamaged spruces, but mean values of root branch frequency in the last five diameter classes (12.1-30.0 cm) were higher in windthrows. Mean values of the root branch length in the first six diameter classes were higher in undamaged spruces. Similarly, mean values of the total root branch length were higher in the first six diameter classes in undamaged spruces, but the mean values of the total root branch length were higher in the last six diameter classes (9.1-30.0 cm) in windthrows. Keywords: Norway spruce; stability; root system; windthrow Keywords: Norway spruce, stability, root system, windthrow Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 150-160 Volume: 54 Issue: 4 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/3101-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3101-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200804-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:54:y:2008:i:4:id:3101-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. M. Rahman Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Silviculture, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: G. Frank Author-Workplace-Name: Unit of Natural Forest Reserves, Federal Forest Office, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: H. Ruprecht Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Silviculture, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: H. Vacik Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Silviculture, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria Title: Structure of coarse woody debris in Lange-Leitn Natural Forest Reserve, Austria Abstract: The amount, variability and quality of coarse woody debris (CWD) in an oak-dominated natural forest reserve in Austria were studied in 2006. The average volume of CWD (snags and logs) was 107.3 m3/ha, which accounted for 39% of the total living volume. Among the CWD, on average, 23.4 m3/ha (22%) were snags and 83.9 m3/ha (78%) were logs. According to quality aspects the CWD displayed a wide range of variation in tree species, tree size, stage of decay, and structural characteristics, creating a high diversity of CWD habitats for microorganisms. Among the three forest associations, the highest amount of CWD was found in the mesic Galio sylvatici-Carpinetum association. The results of this study are discussed as reference values for a close-to-nature management of oak-dominated broadleaved submontane forests emphasizing conservation management. Keywords: forest association, habitat, fungi, oak, broadleaved forest Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 161-169 Volume: 54 Issue: 4 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/3102-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3102-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200804-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:54:y:2008:i:4:id:3102-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Gryc Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: H. Vavrčík Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Rybníček Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Přemyslovská Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: The relation between the microscopic structure and the wood density of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the structure of beech juvenile and mature wood in relation to wood density. The comparative analysis between juvenile and mature wood examined the diameter of vessels, the width and height of pith rays, and the number of vessels and pith rays per 1 mm2. The results show that the average vessel diameter as well as the width and height of pith rays reach statistically lower values in juvenile wood than in mature wood. On the other hand, no significant difference between the two types of wood has been found in terms of the frequency of vessels per 1 mm2. Having said that, the difference in the frequency of rays per 1 mm2 between juvenile and mature wood is far from being negligible; juvenile wood has three times as many pith rays as mature wood. The density of juvenile wood is higher (ρ12 = 726.07 kg/m3) than the density of mature wood ((ρ12 = 701.50 kg/m3). Keywords: beech, juvenile wood, mature wood, vessels, rays, density Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 170-175 Volume: 54 Issue: 4 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/1/2008-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1/2008-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200804-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:54:y:2008:i:4:id:1-2008-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Kitikidou Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources, Laboratory of Forest Biometry, Dimokritos University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece Author-Name: G. Chatzilazarou Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources, Laboratory of Forest Biometry, Dimokritos University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece Title: Estimating the sample size for fitting taper equations Abstract: Much work has been done fitting taper equations to describe tree bole shapes, but few researchers have investigated how large the sample size should be. In this paper, a method that requires two variables that are linearly correlated was applied to determine the sample size for fitting taper equations. Two cases of sample size estimation were tested, based on the method mentioned above. In the first case, the sample size required is referred to the total number of diameters estimated in the sampled trees. In the second case, the sample size required is referred to the number of sampled trees. The analysis showed that both methods are efficient from a validity standpoint but the first method has the advantage of decreased cost, since it costs much more to incrementally sample another tree than it does to make another diameter measurement on an already sampled tree. Keywords: sampling methods, tree shape, regression Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 176-182 Volume: 54 Issue: 4 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/789-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/789-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200804-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:54:y:2008:i:4:id:789-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. K. Behjou Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Author-Name: B. Majnounian Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Author-Name: M. Namiranian Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Author-Name: J. Dvořák Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Time study and skidding capacity of the wheeled skidder Timberjack 450C in Caspian forests Abstract: This study was carried out in a steep and difficult terrain. Trees were logged downhill to the landing by a wheeled skidder Timberjack 450C. Selection cutting was performed on a 66-hectare tract with an average slope of 30%. The elemental time study method was applied to develop the skidding time predicting model. In this study 43 working cycles were included. The skidding cycle time was mainly affected by skidding distance, winching distance and interaction between skidding distance and slope. The gross and net production rate was 20.51 and 22.93 m3/h, respectively. The unit cost considering the gross and net production rate was 6.31 and 6.22 USD/m3, respectively. Keywords: wheeled skidder Timberjack 450C, working efficiency, init cost, skidding Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 183-188 Volume: 54 Issue: 4 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/5/2008-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/5/2008-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200804-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:54:y:2008:i:4:id:5-2008-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Żmihorski Author-Workplace-Name: Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland Title: Can clearcuts increase bird species richness in managed forests? Abstract: Clearcuts are one of the results of forest management. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of clearcuts on bird communities in a managed forest in Western Poland. I applied the method of point transect counts. 20 points were located near clearcuts (less than 100 m from the nearest clearcut) and 25 points in the forest interior. In total, 36 bird species were recorded. On average, I found 9.20 bird species at points located near clearcuts and 6.72 species at points situated in the forest interior, and the difference was significant. The cumulative number of bird species for a given number of sampling points in the vicinity of clearcuts was higher than in the forest interior. The obtained results indicate that in managed, even-aged forests the generation of clearcuts can lead to an increase in local bird species richness. Keywords: forestry, diversity, forest conservation, rarefaction, gaps Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 189-193 Volume: 54 Issue: 4 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/787-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/787-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200804-0007.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:54:y:2008:i:4:id:787-JFS