Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Štofko Author-Workplace-Name: National Forest Centre - Forest Research Institute, Zvolen, Slovakia Author-Name: M. Kodrík Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia Title: Architecture of root branches of Norway spruce trees (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) growing in gley soil Abstract: In the locality Hnilé Blatá (the High Tatras Mts.), the structure was measured of root branches in the windthrown spruces (Picea abies [L.] Karst.). After cleaning the root plates, the number, diameter, and length of individual root branches were measured. Individual root branches were classified into twelve diameter classes - according to their diameters measured in the middle of the root branch length. We found out a high frequency of the root branches in the first three root-diameter classes; the values of the average frequency of root branches smoothly declined with their diameters increasing. We found out the lowest mean values of the root branch length in the first two root diameter classes. However, the values of total average length of root branches were the highest in the first root diameter class and these values continually decreased with increasing values of the root branch diameter. On the basis of the high values of root frequency and of total root length in the thinnest root-diameter classes, it seems that the spruce trees growing in gley soil form a similar root structure as those growing in podzolic brown soil. Keywords: Picea abies, root branch, gley soil Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 485-490 Volume: 54 Issue: 11 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/55/2008-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/55/2008-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200811-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:54:y:2008:i:11:id:55-2008-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: O. Špulák Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Strnady, Opočno Research Station, Opočno, Czech Republic Title: Assimilation apparatus variability of beech transplants grown in variable light conditions of blue spruce shelter Abstract: The paper valuates the differences in the selected characteristics of the assimilation apparatus of beech transplants growing in various light conditions of blue spruce small pole stage in the Jizerské hory Mts. in the Czech Republic. The leaf area, chemical parameters, and photosynthetic capacity measured by the method of chlorophyll fluorescence were established. Light conditions of individual beech trees were determined by means of processing a hemisphere photograph of the crown space. The research revealed a significant trend of decreasing nitrogen content with increasing irradiance of the beech. The foliage of the sheltered beech trees exhibited higher contents of phosphorus and potassium. The average specific leaf mass (SLM) of the beech under crowns was lower (0.303 contrary to 0.499 g/dm2 in gap) and the respective variants did not differ in average leaf size. A significantly higher maximum fluorescence and a maximum quantum yield (0.854 contrary to 0.803 in gap) were found under crowns. A significant variance was also observed in the absorption capacity. It follows that the beech showed adaptation to the light conditions defined by its location within the stand of blue spruce. Keywords: beech transplants, light, nutrient content of leaves, fluorescence of chlorophyll, leaf area Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 491-496 Volume: 54 Issue: 11 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/57/2008-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/57/2008-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200811-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:54:y:2008:i:11:id:57-2008-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Saniga Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia Author-Name: M. Balanda Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia Title: Dynamics of tree species composition and characteristics of available space utilization in the natural forest of the National Nature Reserve Hrončokovský Grúň Abstract: The paper deals with changes in the diameter structure of particular tree species as well as with the selected production characteristics in the mixed virgin forest Hrončokovský Grúň. The object of the analysis was the diameter structure of particular tree species in developmental stages of virgin forest. The data were collected in the years 1972, 1982, 1992 and 2002 on permanent research plots 71.5 × 70 m (0.5 ha) in size. Diameter frequencies for particular tree species were approximated with the curves. The goal was to evaluate their mortality or vitality according to the strength of the correlation in developmental stages of the virgin forest. A strong correlation was confirmed in the advanced phase of the growth stage, whereas the strongest correlation was recorded for the ash. Beech as a virgin forest bearer had a medium strong correlation. For the advanced phase of the optimum stage lower values of the correlation coefficients were determined for all tree species. The growth vitality and thus lower mortality was characteristic of maple and ash. Beech as a structure bearer is characterized by higher mortality and therefore a weaker correlation. In the breakdown stage the highest mortality was found for the fir, which is confirmed by the lowest value of the correlation coefficient. In the advanced phase of the optimum stage the highest mortality was recorded for the beech. The analysis of growth and production relationships was conducted on the transects of 3 permanent research plots 10 × 71.5 m in size (i.e. total size of 2,145 m2). The analysis of the growth relationships between the crown and stem volume confirmed a strong correlation for beech and fir despite the fact they are present in the entire height profile of the virgin forest. The reason is that both of them are the shade-tolerant tree species. High correlation coefficients for maple and ash (R = 0.82 and R = 0.84) are the evidence of a distinctive influence of the assimilatory apparatus on the stem volume. The reason is the fact that both tree species are situated in the upper tree layer and have relatively enough space for the crown growth. The productive utilization of the crown space in the virgin forest confirmed the dominance of the beech as a structure bearer. Keywords: natural forest, developmental stage, utilization of production space, structure Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 497-508 Volume: 54 Issue: 11 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/49/2008-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/49/2008-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200811-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:54:y:2008:i:11:id:49-2008-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Balcar Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Strnady, Opočno Research Station, Opočno, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Kacálek Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Strnady, Opočno Research Station, Opočno, Czech Republic Title: Growth and health state of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in the ridge area of the Jizerské hory Mts. Abstract: The silver fir was planted under mountain conditions in order to reveal its response to the addition of finely ground rocks (limestone and amphibolite) mixed with soil into the planting holes. The results document that the increments of the plantations fertilised with amphibolite were higher by 25% on average than those of the control plantations while the increments of the plantations treated with dolomitic limestone were lower by 13%. Generally, as concerns both the plantations with the application of ground rocks and the control ones, the development of the fir plantations in 1994-2007 is considered successful. As the damage by climatic stresses has gradually diminished, the number of dead trees has been decreasing and the height increments have been increasing in the last years, therefore a positive development is to be expected also in future. Keywords: silver fir, Abies alba Mill., artificial regeneration, chemical amelioration Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 509-518 Volume: 54 Issue: 11 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/63/2008-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/63/2008-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200811-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:54:y:2008:i:11:id:63-2008-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Jelonek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Utilisation, University of Life Sciences in Poznań, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: W. Pazdrowski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Utilisation, University of Life Sciences in Poznań, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: M. Arasimowicz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Plant Ecophsiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: A. Tomczak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Utilisation, University of Life Sciences in Poznań, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: R. Walkowiak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, University of Life Sciences in Poznań, Poznań, Poland Author-Name: J. Szaban Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Utilisation, University of Life Sciences in Poznań, Poznań, Poland Title: The applicability of the Pipe Model Theory in trees of Scots pine of Poland Abstract: In order to test the application importance of the Pipe Model Theory and to develop models for the share of sapwood in tree stems, a total of 114 Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) were felled within the natural range of this species in three natural positions located in northern and western Poland. The analyses were conducted on wood coming from trees from the main layer of the stand, i.e. the first three classes according to the classification developed by Kraft. Dependences were analyzed between the biometric characteristics of model trees, e.g. tree height, diameter at breast height, crown length, crown basal area and the area and volume of sapwood in the stem. All the analyzed characteristics, both biometric traits and sapwood characteristics, were found to be correlated significantly (P < 0.05) positively. Conducted analyses indicate that the postulates proposed in the Pipe Model Theory and Profile Theory require certain modifications and regression models developed for each social class of tree position in the stand for dependences of sapwood area and volume on the above mentioned biometric variables indirectly include changes occurring in time. Keywords: Scots pine, Pipe Model Theory, sapwood, tree crowns, profile theory, biometric traits Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 519-531 Volume: 54 Issue: 11 Year: 2008 DOI: 10.17221/28/2008-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/28/2008-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200811-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:54:y:2008:i:11:id:28-2008-JFS