Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Kantor Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: F. Šach Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Strnady, Opočno Research Station, Opočno, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Černohous Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Strnady, Opočno Research Station, Opočno, Czech Republic Title: Development of foliage biomass of young spruce and beech stands in the mountain water balance research area Abstract: The investigation of foliage biomass development including LAI and the growth of spruce and beech stands in the juvenile stage (age 1 to 21 years) represents a special complementary study to long-term research of water balance components on the experimental forest hydrology area Deštné Mountainside. The experiment is located in the Orlické hory Mts. at the altitude of 900 m on a clear-felled area. In 1982 the spruce plantation was established at 1.5 ´ 1.5 m spacing (4,600 plants/ha) and the beech plantation at 1.0 ´ 1.0 m (10,000 plants/ha). According to tending programs applicable to forest stands in the Czech Republic, two improvement fellings were carried out (1995 and 2001) in spruce and none in beech. In 2002, some 1,550 spruce trees/ha (mean height 10.1 m) and 7,440 beech trees/ha (mean height 4.8 m) were recorded. At the end of the first vegetation season in 1982, the dry matter (DM) of foliage in spruce and beech amounted to 35 and 70 kg/ha, respectively. Five years later (1987), these values increased to 770 and 360 kg/ha in spruce and beech, respectively. At a stand age of 21 years, foliage DM was determined to be 11,940 kg/ha for spruce and 3,050 kg/ha for beech. At the same time, the leaf-area index (LAI) was calculated to be 5.55 and 5.94 in spruce and beech, respectively. The method of foliage biomass quantification, based on the determination of foliage DM of mean sample trees and stand density, enabled to acquire complementary data usable in long-term research of the water regime of spruce and beech and simultaneously to provide information on the potential of biomass production and LAI value of both main commercial species in mountain forests of the Czech Republic. Keywords: Norway spruce, European beech, young stand, foliage biomass, LAI Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 51-62 Volume: 55 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/72/2008-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/72/2008-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200902-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:55:y:2009:i:2:id:72-2008-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Matějka Author-Workplace-Name: IDS, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Assessment of tree layer biomass and structure using aerial photos in lake catchments of the Šumava Mts. Abstract: The combination of georeferenced colour aerial photos and limited field measurements of individual trees was used to determine tree stand biomass in forests of prevailing Norway spruce. The technique was carried out in two localities - small catchments of natural lakes in the Bohemian Forest (56 and 76 ha in size, respectively). This method is not so expansive as the inventory based on sample plots, namely in the terrain of high dynamics in the mountains. Tree crown diameters were determined semi-automatically on the basis of orthophotos. The catchment of Plešné jezero Lake can be described by these average values: crown diameter 4.5 ± 1.35 m, mean tree height varying between 19.6 and 30.2 m depending on altitude (tree average and standard deviation are 25.5 ± 3.9 m), tree density 154 ± 67.7 ha and stand biomass 197 t/ha. The Čertovo jezero Lake catchment shows somewhat different values: crown diameter 4.9 ± 1.35 m, mean tree height varying between 20.9 and 25.1 m (dependence on altitude is weak; tree average and standard deviation are 25.6 ± 2.0 m), tree density 200 ± 65.7 ha (all parameters for Norway spruce only), and stand biomass 156 t/ha (Norway spruce) + 17 t/ha (European beech). Some features are common to both catchments: a regular to random tree pattern prevails. Tree clumping is typical of the most extreme stands. Minimum tree density occurs in the zone of the altitudes 1,200-1,250 m a.s.l. The crown diameter to dbh ratio is independent of altitude. Tree height decreases linearly with altitude. The distribution of trees according to crown diameter is skewed to higher values. Keywords: allometry, altitudinal gradient, Bohemian Forest, crown diameter, lake catchment, orthophoto, Picea abies L Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 63-74 Volume: 55 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/95/2008-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/95/2008-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200902-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:55:y:2009:i:2:id:95-2008-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Malá Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Strnady, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Cvikrová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Máchová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: O. Martincová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Polyamines during somatic embryo development in Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.]) Abstract: Contents of free polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) were determined in different developmental stages of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) somatic embryos by means of HPLC. Determinations were performed embryogenic tissue after 4 weeks of the growth on proliferation medium, after 2 and 5 weeks of the culturing on maturation medium, and 2 weeks after desiccation. Maturation of somatic embryos (after 5 weeks) was accompanied by increase of concentrations of putrescine (2.3 times) and spermidine (3.2 times). In comparison with above mentioned polyamines, spermine concentrations were significantly lower (4.3 times). Two weeks after desiccation, the concentrations of putrescine decreased 5.4 times and spermidine 2.2 times in comparison with mature embryos. To improve the efficiency of somatic embryogenesis of less responsive genotypes, the supplementation of growth media by polyamines is discussed. Keywords: Norway spruce, somatic embryogenesis, putrescine, spermidine, spermine Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 75-80 Volume: 55 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/84/2008-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/84/2008-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200902-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:55:y:2009:i:2:id:84-2008-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Feuereisel Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Ernst Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Verification of the food supply to game under conditions of the floodplain forest ecosystem Abstract: In order to determine the environment carrying capacity in terms of biomass production utilizable by game 360 representative sample plots (1 × 1 m) were laid out in the growing season on the basis of typological classification in forest stand of an area of 1,796.49 ha in the studied region of the Soutok Game Preserve, Židlochovice Forest Enterprise, Lanžhot Forest District. On meadows, pastures and others areas producing grass and herbs of a total area of 532.87 ha, other 57 sample plots were laid out and sample of biomass utilizable by game. Quantification of the biomass was carried out on the basis of the area cover of grass and woody undergrowth. In total, forest and non-forest land provides 14,659,851 kg grass and herb utilizable biomass. In forest stands production was found of 6,826,662 kg grass and herb biomass (on average 380 g/m2) and on meadows and pastures 7,833,189 kg (on average 1,470 g/m2). Moreover, production of 1,401,262 kg (on average 78 g/m2). Laboratory analyses were carried out of naturally dried-up samples of biomass and these values available energy were ascertained: the energy of grass and herb biomass amounted to 5.7 MJ/kg, the utilizable energy of wooody origin amounted to 4.03 MJ/kg. In view of the standardized game population size up the available food supply sufficient, because the energy requirement was fully covered by their daily quantitative consumption of biomass. Keywords: game management, carrying capacity, biomass production, energy need Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 81-88 Volume: 55 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/32/2008-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/32/2008-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200902-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:55:y:2009:i:2:id:32-2008-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Černohous Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Strnady, Opočno Research Station, Opočno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Kovář Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Forest watershed runoff changes determined using the unit hydrograph method Abstract: Unit hydrograph is a basic method to show changes in runoff in the watershed. The investigation of runoff changes was carried out in the U Dvou louček watershed situated at the summit part of the Orlické hory Mts., East Bohemia. The waveform ordinates of recession limbs of unit hydrographs obtained using a common approach had to be approximated by the least-squares method. Final hydrographs reflected both drainage treatment and forest stand growth influencing the runoff from the watershed. Both factors increase culmination in synergy and reduce runoff on the recession limb of the hydrograph. We confirmed increased maximum runoff taking up 25-30% of the total runoff time when waterlogged sites were drained. The culmination increased by 0.2-0.8 mm/hour indicates the runoff increased by 2-8 m3/ha/hr. Keywords: forest watershed, drainage, runoff, double-mass curve, unit hydrograph Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 89-95 Volume: 55 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/94/2008-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/94/2008-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200902-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:55:y:2009:i:2:id:94-2008-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. K. Behjou Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Natural Resources, Teheran University, Teheran, Iran Author-Name: B. Majnounian Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Natural Resources, Teheran University, Teheran, Iran Author-Name: J. Dvořák Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Namiranian Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Natural Resources, Teheran University, Teheran, Iran Author-Name: A. Saeed Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Natural Resources, Teheran University, Teheran, Iran Author-Name: J. Feghhi Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Natural Resources, Teheran University, Teheran, Iran Title: Productivity and cost of manual felling with a chainsaw in Caspian forests Abstract: A field production study was conducted for a manual harvesting system using a chainsaw in a Caspian hardwood forest site. A selective cut was performed on a 42-hectare tract with an average slope of 30 percent. Felling time per tree was most affected by diameter at breast height and by the distance among harvested trees. The gross and net production rate was 20.6 m3 and 26.1 m3 per hour/one person, respectively. The unit cost considering the gross and net production rate was 1.05 USD/m3 and 0.81 USD/m3, respectively. The significant variables included diameter at breast height (D) and distance among harvested trees (L) for the time expenditure model. This regression function is statistically significant at α = 0.01. Keywords: chainsaw, working efficiency, unit cost, felling Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 96-100 Volume: 55 Issue: 2 Year: 2009 DOI: 10.17221/69/2008-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/69/2008-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-200902-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:55:y:2009:i:2:id:69-2008-JFS