Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Mareš Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: The extent of root rot damage in Norway spruce stands established on fertile sites of former agricultural land Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the degree of root rot damage in two large complexes of Norway spruce stands established on former agricultural land at fertile sites. The root rot infection was observed on the stump cutting area on both intended and salvage clear fellings. Stands in Kružberk area in the Nízký Jeseník Mts. established on arable land showed very poor stability and large root rot damage at the age of 40-50 years. In contrast, stands in Lužná area in the Javorníky Mts., founded on former sheep pastures, were markedly much less damaged at the age of 90-110 years and proved to be able to provide quality timber, although they were damaged by the root rot as well. Keywords: afforestation of agricultural land, Kružberk area, Lužná area, Norway spruce, root rot Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 1-6 Volume: 56 Issue: 1 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/36/2009-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/36/2009-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201001-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:56:y:2010:i:1:id:36-2009-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Sefidi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Author-Name: M. R. Marvie Mohadjer Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Title: Characteristics of coarse woody debris in successional stages of natural beech (Fagus orientalis) forests of Northern Iran Abstract: Coarse woody debris (CWD) is an important structural and functional component in forests in Northern Iran. In this study we determine the temporal patterns of CWD in Kheyroud Forests by examining the CWD volume in different decay classes and size classes along a chronosequence of secondary forest succession. The volume of CWD followed the general "U-shaped" temporal trend: the highest in the late successional forest (51.25 m3.ha-1), lowest in the middle successional forest (25.95 m3.ha-1) and intermediate in the early successional forest (37.05 m3.ha-1). The late successional forest had a larger amount of logs, snags and stumps than the other two forests. In contrast, the snag volume did not differ between the late and middle successional forest. CWD in decay classes III and V was greater in the late successional forest than that in the other two forests, while CWD in decay classes II and I did not differ among the three successional forests. CWD in class II and I was significantly higher in the early successional forest than that in the middle successional forest. In the early and middle successional forests, CWD in early decay class was dominated by Carpinus betulus L. followed by Fagus orientalis Lipsky. In the late successional forest, CWD in early decay class was dominated by Fagus orientalis while CWD in the late decay class was dominated by Carpinus betulus. While forest succession had a large influence on the amount of CWD in different decay classes, it had no effect on CWD distribution among the different size classes. Our results suggest that both anthropogenic and natural disturbances have had a long-term effect on the distribution of CWD among three forests. Keywords: coarse woody debris, Fagus orientalis Lipsky, forest succession, natural beech forest, Northern Iran Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 7-17 Volume: 56 Issue: 1 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/113/2008-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/113/2008-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201001-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:56:y:2010:i:1:id:113-2008-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Nawrot Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Utilization, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: M. Jakubowski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Utilization, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: W. Pazdrowski Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Utilization, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: K. Kaźmierczak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Management, Institute of Dendrometry and Forest Productivity Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Author-Name: M. Szymański Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Utilization, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland Title: Variation of conducting area in stems of European larch (Larix deciduas) growing in fresh mixed coniferous forest and fresh mixed forest sites Abstract: The paper presents an attempt to determine conducting area (CA), relative conducting area (CA.k-1) and mean ring conducting area (CAar) on discs cut at breast height from stems of larch trees growing in fresh mixed coniferous forest and fresh mixed forest sites, representing four age classes and the main crop according to Kraft's classification. The value of CA increases with an improvement of the social class of tree position in the community, while no such dependences were found for the value of (CA.k-1). The parameter CAar, except for one case in age class IV in the fresh mixed coniferous forest site, increases with an improvement of the position a tree takes in the community and differentiates more markedly under the conditions of fresh mixed forest sites. Relative conducting area (CA.k-1) decreases markedly with an increase in the age of trees, which is confirmed by high values of the coefficient of determination. Moreover, the significance of differences between individual trees in the main crop according to Kraft and forest site types was tested in terms of the values of CAar. Calculated values may be used to describe the relationships between conducting area and the size of the assimilating organ more precisely than the total sapwood zone. Keywords: conducting area, European larch, mean ring conducting area, relative conducting area, social class of tree position Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 18-27 Volume: 56 Issue: 1 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/45/2009-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/45/2009-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201001-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:56:y:2010:i:1:id:45-2009-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Malá Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Strnady, Czech Republic Author-Name: H. Cvrčková Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Strnady, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Máchová Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Strnady, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Dostál Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Strnady, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Šíma Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Strnady, Czech Republic Title: Heavy metal accumulation by willow clones in short-time hydroponics Abstract: : The differences in Pb and Cd accumulation capabilities of Salix miyabeana, S. viminalis, S. × blanda, and S. elbursensis derived from willows planted in 1997 in coal-ash settling localities in the Krušné hory Mts.,the Czech Republic, were determined. Plantlets micropropagated by organogenesis were grown in sterile hydroponic media supplemented with 0.5mM Pb(NO3)2 or 0.5mM Cd(NO3)2. 4H2O. The samples of roots and aboveground parts were collected after 48, 72, 96, and 168 h of cultivation. Generally, substantially higher concentrations of accumulated Pb and Cd were identified in roots than in aboveground parts of all willow clones, even if clonal differences in their accumulation were detected. The results sufficiently confirmed the clonal differences in the uptake and translocation of heavy metals in the above-mentioned willows. Keywords: heavy metals, micropropagation, phytoremediation, willow clones Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 28-34 Volume: 56 Issue: 1 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/69/2009-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/69/2009-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201001-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:56:y:2010:i:1:id:69-2009-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Šišák Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Costs of basic methods of forest landmaintenance in protective zones of high-voltage power lines in the Czech Republic Abstract: : The paper describes the basic potential methods and their costs of maintenance of forest lands in protective zones under high-voltage power lines (HVPL) 400 kV and 220 kV. In the present situation and with available information and data, it was possible to accomplish the average cost calculations for the whole area of the Czech Republic. The paper analyses the following mechanical and chemical methods of maintenance of forest lands: full-area scrub clearing with power saw (PS), selective individual scattered clearing of trees with PS, full-area scrub clearing by milling, full-area scrub clearing by the application of herbicides and arboricides, selective individual scrub clearing of individual trees by cutting followed by spray treatment with arboricides. The maintenance of forest lands in zones of HVPL (scrub clearing) by milling belongs to the economically most convenient mechanical methods, for example when removing 3,000 trees.ha-1, the cost of this option is 20,000-23,000 CZK.ha-1ha in a period of 3-year periodic frequency, while the most expensive method is selective individual scrub clearing of scattered individual plants with PS at costs of around 84,000 CZK.ha-1. Keywords: Czech Republic, forest lands, high-voltage power lines, maintenance costs Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 35-41 Volume: 56 Issue: 1 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/75/2009-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/75/2009-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201001-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:56:y:2010:i:1:id:75-2009-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Strnadová Author-Workplace-Name: Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Průhonice, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Černý Author-Workplace-Name: Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Průhonice, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Holub Author-Workplace-Name: Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Průhonice, Czech Republic Author-Name: B. Gregorová Author-Workplace-Name: Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Průhonice, Czech Republic Title: The effects of flooding and Phytophthora alni infection on black alder Abstract: The influences of long-term flooding and Phytophthora alni subsp. alni infection on the growth and development of 4-year-old Alnus glutinosa (black alder) saplings were investigated. The black alder saplings were divided into four groups and then subjected to combinations of both factors - flooded and inoculated with pathogen, flooded non-inoculated, non-flooded inoculated, and control. The biomass of the living roots and actinorrhizae, increase in stem length, length of leaves, rate of chlorotic foliage, amount of foliage biomass and length of stem necrosis were assessed after seven weeks. Both factors, flooding and P. alni infection significantly affected the black alder. In addition, a significant effect of interaction was observed. The inoculated flooded group had a substantially lower biomass weight of living roots, actinorrhiza and leaves than the other groups. The necroses caused by the pathogen in the flooded group were more extensive than those in the non-flooded one. These findings demonstrate that the simultaneous incidence of stress caused by flooding and P. alni infection is highly dangerous for black alder. Keywords: alder decline, Alnus glutinosa, flooding, Phytophthora alni Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 41-46 Volume: 56 Issue: 1 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/67/2009-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/67/2009-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201001-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:56:y:2010:i:1:id:67-2009-JFS