Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Holub Author-Workplace-Name: Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Průhonice, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Černý Author-Workplace-Name: Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Průhonice, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Strnadová Author-Workplace-Name: Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Průhonice, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Mrázková Author-Workplace-Name: Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Průhonice, Czech Republic Author-Name: B. Gregorová Author-Workplace-Name: Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Průhonice, Czech Republic Author-Name: Š. Gabrielová Author-Workplace-Name: Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Průhonice, Czech Republic Title: The survey of some factors affecting bark lesion development caused by Phytophthora cactorum on common beech and other broadleaved trees Abstract: The three experiments relating to the pathogenicity of Phytophthora cactorum to beech and other forest tree species were carried out. The experiments were aimed to confirm pathogenicity of the pathogen, to compare its pathogenicity with the other Phytophthora species isolated from woody plants in the Czech Republic (P. gonapodyides, P. cambivora, P. citricola s.l., P. cinnamomi, P. citrophthora), to confirm its substrate specificity and diverse pathogenicity to common forest tree species (common beech, pedunculate oak, sycamore, small-leaved lime, black alder, common ash) and to determine the influence of excessive watering on the stem canker development. We found out that the tested isolate of P. cactorum was more effective to the host than isolates of P. gonapodyides and P. cambivora. The isolates of P. cinnamomi and P. citrophthora caused the largest necroses. It emerged that all tested tree species were susceptible to P. cactorum. The most susceptible tree species were sycamore and common beech. The most resistant tree species were common ash and pedunculate oak. The existence of substrate specificity of the pathogen was unequivocally confirmed. It was found out that the water stress could play an important role in the bark lesion development. We found out important differences in lesion development in different periods during growing season (June, September). Keywords: artificial infection, bark lesion, broadleaved trees pathogenicity, common beech, Fagus sylvatica, Phyto-phthora cactorum, substrate specificity, water stress Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 93-100 Volume: 56 Issue: 3 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/104/2009-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/104/2009-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201003-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:56:y:2010:i:3:id:104-2009-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Gebauer Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: D. Volařík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: T. Funda Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Dendrology and Forest Tree Breeding, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Fundová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Dendrology and Forest Tree Breeding, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Kohutka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Dendrology and Forest Tree Breeding, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Klapetek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Dendrology and Forest Tree Breeding, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Martinková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: O. A. Anenkhonov Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of General and Experimental Biology in Ulan-Ude, Ulan-Ude, Russia Author-Name: A. Razuvaev Author-Workplace-Name: Zabaikalsky National Park, Ust-Barguzin, Russia Title: Pinus pumila growth at different altitudes in the Svyatoi Nos Peninsula (Russia) Abstract: Detailed research is necessary to better understand ecological adaptations of Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel as a species, whose biological properties are vital for its survival. In the Svyatoi Nos Peninsula, three sites differing in altitude were selected. At all sites the growth form of P. pumila was determined. At the high and medium sites, the following parameters were measured: linear increment on terminal branches, leaf mass per area and the content of nitrogen per unit leaf area. Anatomical studies were carried out on shoots and four needle-year classes. It was found that needles were longer and narrower at the medium site when compared to the high site. Leaf mass per area was higher and a substantial increase in older needles occurred at the high site. Nitrogen content per unit leaf area served as an indicator of assimilation capacity and was higher at the high site. We can conclude that P. pumila has xeromorphic needles, higher assimilation capacity, better protection ability against pathogens and slower growth rate of terminal branches at the high site. Important is also a significant increment of the growth rate of terminal branches at the high site in recent years. Therefore, data obtained from sites at the upper forest limit are valuable in assessing the climate changes and are useful for the forest management practice in mountain areas. Keywords: anatomy, assimilation capacity, climate changes, morphology, nitrogen content Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 101-111 Volume: 56 Issue: 3 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/60/2009-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/60/2009-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201003-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:56:y:2010:i:3:id:60-2009-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Volařík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Application of digital elevation model for mapping vegetation tiers Abstract: The aim of this paper is to explore possibilities of application of digital elevation model for mapping vegetation tiers (altitudinal vegetation zones). Linear models were used to investigate the relationship between vegetation tiers and variables derived from a digital elevation model - elevation and potential global radiation. The model was based on a sample of 138 plots located from the 2nd to the 5th vegetation tier. Potential global radiation was computed in r.sun module in geographic information system GRASS. The final model explained 84% of data variability and employed variables were found to be sufficient for modelling vegetation tiers in the study area. Applied methodology could be used to increase the accuracy and efficiency of mapping vegetation tiers, especially in areas where such task is considered difficult (e.g. agricultural landscape). Keywords: altitudinal vegetation zones, digital elevation model, linear models, vegetation tiers Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 112-120 Volume: 56 Issue: 3 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/74/2009-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/74/2009-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201003-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:56:y:2010:i:3:id:74-2009-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Turčáni Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Patočka Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Kulfan Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovakia Title: Dioszeghyana schmidtii (Diószeghy 1935), and survey its presence and abundance (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; Hadeninae) Abstract: Dioszeghyana schmidtii (Diószeghy 1935), is forest species protected by European Union. Its distribution has been studied essentially by the use of light traps. However, its biology and habitat preferences are not sufficiently known and thus its habitats may be damaged by forest management. We suggest the beating method in order to collect larvae as an useful way to record and to survey D. schmidtii. Larvae of the species can be collected by beating branches of its host plants (Quercus and Acer species) in the lower canopy (below 3 m). Optimal survey time would be the second half of May and the first half of June. Differences between the larvae of D. schmidtii and 16 similar moth larvae, as well as, Tenthredinidae (Hymenoptera) species living at the same time on the same trees are described and figured in a key to identification. The method described in the paper allows one to identify larvae in the field. Results are discussed. Keywords: beating method, Dioszeghyana schmidtii, Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC, larvae identification, lepido-ptera Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 121-129 Volume: 56 Issue: 3 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/55/2009-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/55/2009-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201003-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:56:y:2010:i:3:id:55-2009-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Klvač Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest and Forest Products Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Vrána Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest and Forest Products Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Jiroušek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest and Forest Products Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Possibilities of using the portable falling weight deflectometer to measure the bearing capacity and compaction of forest soils Abstract: The paper discusses possibilities of using the portable falling weight deflectometer to measure the bearing capacity and compaction of forest soils. Within the study, measurements were made using manual penetrometer and Loadman II portable falling weight deflectometer. To eliminate the extreme values, Grubbs's test was used. The results indicate that Loadman II deflectometer may be used to measure both the bearing capacity and compaction of forest soils under the canopy as well as in transport lines. A significant difference was found between deflection of water-unaffected sites and water-affected sites (12.08 and 2.31 mm, respectively). Measurements of bearing capacity after removal of forest litter give far more precise details; however, the authors do not refuse the measurements without litter removal, either. To determine the degrees of soil compaction, it is useful to measure the soil reaction time; to measure the bearing capacity it is vital to measure deflection. Keywords: deflection, E-module, PFWD, soil bearing capacity, soil compaction, soil reaction Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 130-136 Volume: 56 Issue: 3 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/71/2009-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/71/2009-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201003-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:56:y:2010:i:3:id:71-2009-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. R. Ghaffariyan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: K. Stampfer Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: J. sessions Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Engineering, College of Forestry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA Author-Name: T. Durston Author-Workplace-Name: US Forest Service, Stanislaus National Forest, Sonora, USA Author-Name: M. Kuehmaier Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria Author-Name: Ch. Kanzian Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria Title: Road network optimization using heuristic and linear programming Abstract: To minimize the cost of logging, it is necessary to optimize the road density. The aim of this study was to determine optimal road spacing (ORS) in Northern Austria. The stepwise regression method was used in modelling. The production rate of tower yarder was 10.4 m3/PSHo (Productive system hours) and cost of 19.71 €.m-3. ORS was studied by calculating road construction cost, installation cost and yarding cost per m3 for different road spacing. The minimum total cost occurred at 39.15 €.m-3 and ORS would be 474 m assuming uphill and downhill yarding. The optimal road density and yarding distance are 21.1 m.ha-1 and 90 m, respectively. A sample logging area was used to plan different roads and, using network analysis, the best solution was found based on a modified shortest path algorithm. The network analysis results were very different from the optimal road spacing results that assumed roads and logging corridors could be located anywhere in the planning area at a constant cost. Mixed integer programming was also used to get a real optimal solution. Keywords: cable yarding, mixed integer programming, network analysis, optimum road density, production Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 137-145 Volume: 56 Issue: 3 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/12/2009-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/12/2009-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201003-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:56:y:2010:i:3:id:12-2009-JFS