Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Pokorný Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Plant Ecological Physiology, Institute of Systems Biology and Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Tomášková Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Plant Ecological Physiology, Institute of Systems Biology and Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Drápelová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Forest Ecology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Kulhavý Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Forest Ecology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. V. Marek Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Plant Ecological Physiology, Institute of Systems Biology and Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Forest Ecology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Long-term effects of CO2 enrichment on bud phenology and shoot growth patterns of Norway spruce juvenile trees Abstract: Bud phenology and shoot elongation growth were monitored on Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) trees grown inside glass domes with adjustable windows for six years under ambient (355 µmol CO2∙mol-1) and elevated (700 µmol CO2∙mol-1) atmospheric CO2 concentrations CO2. Each treatment consisted of two stand densities - sparse (5,000 trees∙ha-1) and dense (10,000 trees∙ha-1). The age of spruce trees was 10 years at the beginning of the experiment.Elevated CO2 slightly accelerated the consequential bud germinating phases and it significantly induced shoot elongation growth, especially of sun-exposed shoots in a stand with sparse density. This accelerated growth lasted one to three weeks after full bud development in E compared to A. At the end of the growing season the total shoot length did not show any differences between the treatments. We supposed that limiting nitrogen supply to needles slowed down subsequent shoot elongation growth in E treatment. Nevertheless, faster shoot growth in elevated CO2 conditions can enhance the carbon sink in spruce due to prolongation of the growing season. Keywords: bud, elevated CO2, Norway spruce, phenology, shoot length Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 251-259 Volume: 56 Issue: 6 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/72/2009-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/72/2009-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201006-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:56:y:2010:i:6:id:72-2009-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Kršiak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Ecology, Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovakia Author-Name: P. Zach Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Ecology, Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovakia Author-Name: J. Kulfan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Animal Ecology, Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovakia Title: The role of Hylastes cunicularius Erichson (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in transferring uropodine mites in a mountain spruce forest Abstract: The bark beetle Hylastes cunicularius was studied in the Tatra Mountains, West Carpathians, to clarify its role in transferring phoretic uropodine mites during dispersal in a mountain spruce forest. Emphasis was placed on the proportion of beetles vectoring deutonymphs of uropodine mites, and on assemblage structure, frequency distribution and placement of uropodids on the bark beetle vector. A total of 3,302 adults of H. cunicularius were caught into flight interception traps, of which 529 (16%) vectored a total of 1,020 individuals and four species of uropodine mites: Trichouropoda pecinai Hirschmann & Wisniewski, Trichouropoda obscura (C.L.Koch), Uroobovella vinicolora (Vitzthum), Uroobovella ipidis (Vitzthum). The uropodine mite assemblage was dominated by T. pecinai, which represented 94.6% of the collected mite individuals. T. pecinai and U. vinicolora were documented as new associates of H. cunicularius. Frequency distribution of uropodids on the beetle was L-shaped. The number of vectored mites and the number of dispersing individuals of H. cunicularius were positively correlated. Keywords: Hylastes cunicularius, mountain spruce forest, uropodine mites, West Carpathians Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 258-264 Volume: 56 Issue: 6 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/81/2009-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/81/2009-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201006-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:56:y:2010:i:6:id:81-2009-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Kamler Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Turek Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Homolka Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Bukor Author-Workplace-Name: Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Rodent-caused damage to forest trees from the viewpoint of forestry practice Abstract: Small mammals cause serious damage to forests but there is only little knowledge of their ecology and possibilities of plantation protection. The objective of our study was to collect information on the damage caused by rodents to plantations of forest tree species. Data were obtained from a survey conducted in 2008 that was aimed at damage caused by small mammals. Questionnaires were sent mostly to foresters engaged in the Lesy CR state enterprise. We obtained usable data from 316 foresters. The response rate was 81%. It was confirmed that rodents cause significant damage all over the Czech Republic and that the occurrence of damage cannot be easily predicted with certainty as significant damage may appear perhaps in a small part of the threatened plantations where the key conditions for small mammals have been fulfilled. The main factors which affected probability of damage include: presence of a woody species attractive to rodents; suitable structure of ground vegetation enabling the pest species to breed sufficiently during the vegetation period; and also long-lasting snow cover. The current approach of forestry practice to damage by small mammals is considerably passive and we are missing an alert system of threat to stands and a methodology of dealing with problematic situations. Most of the foresters are uninterested in small mammals and many have only very smattering knowledge of the dangerousness of individual species and their ecological requirements. The use of rodenticides is expensive and the most effective and economic measure to lower damage by small mammals is to support forest management favouring natural regeneration of forest stands. Keywords: bank vole, bark damage, field vole, forest damage Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 265-270 Volume: 56 Issue: 6 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/70/2009-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/70/2009-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201006-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:56:y:2010:i:6:id:70-2009-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Kováč Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest and Mobile Technology, Faculty of Environmental and Manufacturing Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia Author-Name: M. Mikleš Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest and Mobile Technology, Faculty of Environmental and Manufacturing Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia Title: Research on individual parameters for cutting power of woodcutting process by circular saws Abstract: Nowadays, the wood cutting process looks like a technological scheme consisting of several connected and relatively inseparable parts. Wood crosscutting is the most widespread operation in the process of forest exploitation; it is used at tree exploitation, shortening stems and assortment production. The article deals with the influence of the cutting edge geometry of circular saws on the torque and also on the cutting performance at wood crosscutting, therefore there is an influence on the whole cutting process. In the present article measurement procedure, used measuring devices and the process of result analysis are described in detailed. Knowledge of the wood crosscutting process and choice of suitable cutting conditions and cutting tools will contribute to a reduction in production costs and to energy saving. Keywords: circular saw, cutting edge geometry, cutting power, wood crosscutting Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 271-277 Volume: 56 Issue: 6 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/94/2009-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/94/2009-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201006-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:56:y:2010:i:6:id:94-2009-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. Agherkakli Author-Workplace-Name: Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Author-Name: A. Najafi Author-Workplace-Name: Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Author-Name: S.H. Sadeghi Author-Workplace-Name: Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Title: Ground based operation effects on soil disturbance by steel tracked skidder in a steep slope of forest Abstract: In this study, the effects of slope and traffic intensity on soil compaction, rutting and forest floor removal was evaluated on a skid trail in the natural forest of north of Iran. Combination of two levels of slope < 20% (SC1) and > 20% (SC2) and three levels of traffic (one, five and nine traffics) were studied. Treatment plots, with three replications, were established on the skid trail prior to skidding. The results of this study showed that all bulk densities were considerably higher in SC2 than in SC1 and average soil bulk densities were measured from 1.07 (g∙cm-3) to 1.23 (g∙cm-3) on skid trail and 0.91 (g∙cm-3) in undisturbed areas. With the increment of traffic, soil compaction increased but there was no significant difference among the three levels of traffic frequency in SC1 whereas it was significant between one and five cycles in SC2. Greatest rut depth was measured as 12 cm at nine traffics in SC2, although increase of traffic density caused deeper rut depth at all slope treatments, but it was higher at the SC2 in comparison to SC1. Litter mass decreased considerably on the skid trail with the increasing in slope and traffic. No important difference has been detected between SC1 and SC2 in terms of Litter mass removal. These results provide clear evidence that soil disturbance on steep trail is intensified. Keywords: crawler tractor, forest floor removal, ground based skidding, hardwood forest of Iran, soil compaction Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 278-284 Volume: 56 Issue: 6 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/93/2009-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/93/2009-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201006-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:56:y:2010:i:6:id:93-2009-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: SU DONGKAI Author-Workplace-Name: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang, China Author-Workplace-Name: Limited Liability Company, Jilin Forest Industry Group, Changchun, China Author-Name: YU DAPAO Author-Workplace-Name: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang, China Author-Name: LI ZHOU Author-Workplace-Name: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang, China Author-Name: XIAOKUI XIE Author-Workplace-Name: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang, China Author-Name: ZHENGGANG LIU Author-Workplace-Name: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang, China Author-Name: LIMIN DAI Author-Workplace-Name: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang, China Title: Differences in the structure, species composition and diversity of primary and harvested forests on Changbai Mountain, Northeast China Abstract: Broadleaved-Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) mixed forest is a typical vegetation type in the eastern Eurasian continent. We compared the structure, composition and diversity of a primary forest and a logged forest for effective management and regeneration of a mixed forest ecosystem on Changbai Mountain, Northeast China. The logged forest was subjected to selective harvesting twenty years ago. The mean diameter and basal area for overall trees (≥ 2 cm dbh) were higher in the primary forest than in the logged forest, whereas overall tree density was significantly lower in the former (994 ± 34 trees∙ha-1) than in the logged forest (1921 ± 79 trees∙ha-1). The values of species richness and both Simpson's and Shannon's diversity indices for seedlings (< 2 cm dbh, ≥ 50 cm tall), saplings (2-9.9 cm dbh) and overall trees were greater in the primary forest. These results indicate that the selective logging had a lasting impact on the structural characteristics of the forest. There were major differences in species composition between the two forest sites, with the logged forest having more pioneer and mid-tolerant species than the primary forest. Diversity was more extensive in the logged forest due to the invasion of pioneer species. Twenty years is clearly an insufficient time for the logged forest to regain "primary" forest composition and structure. These two characteristics of the primary forest may serve as a reference for developing management plans for forest regeneration. Keywords: broadleaved-Korean pine mixed forest, forest structure, species composition, species diversity Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 285-293 Volume: 56 Issue: 6 Year: 2010 DOI: 10.17221/84/2009-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/84/2009-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201006-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:56:y:2010:i:6:id:84-2009-JFS