Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: J. Malá
Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště, Czech Republic
Author-Name: M. Hrubcová
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: P. Máchová
Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště, Czech Republic
Author-Name: H. Cvrčková
Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště, Czech Republic
Author-Name: O. Martincová
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
Author-Name: M. Cvikrová
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
Title: Changes in phenolic acids and stilbenes induced in embryogenic cell cultures of Norway spruce by two fractions of Sirococcus strobilinus mycelian
Abstract: We examined defence responses in embryogenic cell suspension cultures of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst) elicited by intracellular protein and cell wall fractions (PF and WF, respectively) prepared from mycelia of the fungus Sirococcus strobilinus Preuss focusing on changes in (soluble and cell wall-bound) phenolic and stilbene concentrations. Treatment with both preparations induced an increase in the total contents of phenolic acids in Norway spruce cells and variations in the levels of stilbene glycosides. More rapid and intense induction of defence response was observed in cells after WF application. The contents of soluble phenolic acids (especially benzoic acid derivatives) and cell wall-bound phenolic acids (especially ferulic acid) started to increase (relative to controls) within 4 h after the addition of the WF preparation and remained high in elicited cells for 8-12 h. A moderate increase in phenolic acids in cells exposed to the PF preparation was observed within 8 h after application. However, after 24 h of WF treatment a decline of total phenolics was observed, while in PF elicited Norway spruce cells the phenolic content continued to increase. Significantly decreased concentrations of stilbene glycosides, isorhapontin, astringin and piceid, were determined in PF and WF treated Norway spruce cell cultures. The total content of stilbene glycosides decreased within 8 h after WF application to 68% of the amount determined in the control and within 12 h to 73% of the control in PF-treated cells. These results demonstrate that both PF and WF prepared from the Sirococcus strobilinus mycelium elicit changes in the metabolism of phenylpropanoids, which are involved in the defence responses of plants to pathogens.
Keywords: defence response, Norway spruce, phenylpropanoids, stilbenoids
Journal: Journal of Forest Science
Pages: 1-7
Volume: 57
Issue: 1
Year: 2011
DOI: 10.17221/55/2010-JFS
File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/55/2010-JFS.html
File-Format: text/html
X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201101-0001.txt
Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:57:y:2011:i:1:id:55-2010-JFS

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: J. Novák
Author-Workplace-Name: Opočno Research Station, Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Opočno, Czech Republic
Author-Name: M. Slodičák
Author-Workplace-Name: Opočno Research Station, Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Opočno, Czech Republic
Author-Name: D. Dušek
Author-Workplace-Name: Opočno Research Station, Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Opočno, Czech Republic
Title: Aboveground biomass of substitute tree species stand with respect to thinning - European larch (Larix decidua Mill.)
Abstract: This study is focused on substitute European larch stands in the Krušné hory Mts. (northern part of the Czech Republic). Research was conducted within larch thinning experiment Kalek (780 m a.s.l. in the category Piceeto-Fagetum oligo-mesotrophicum - Calamagrostis villosa). Results showed that the aboveground biomass of the investigated substitute unthinned larch stand represented approximately 102 thousand kg of dry matter per ha at the age of 20 years. Stemwood (ca 59%) is the most important part of the aboveground biomass. Needles, live and dead branches accounted approximately for 6%, 17% and 11%, respectively, and stem bark only for 7%. At the age of20 years, the investigated substitute unthinned larch stand accumulated: nitrogen - 307 kg, phosphorus - 21 kg, potassium - 136 kg, calcium - 122 kg, magnesium - 53 kg per hectare. Thinning with consequent removal of aboveground biomass may result in nutrient losses. Especially, the removal of whole tree biomass by thinning for chipping in areas previously degraded by acid deposition may result in calcium and magnesium deficiency because of their low content in forest soil. On the other hand, thinning supported faster growth of trees left after thinning and consequently faster biomass and nutrient accumulation. Our results supported the recommendation that the use of biomass from thinning for chipping should be limited to stemwood only and the remaining aboveground biomass (mainly needles and branches) should be left in the forest ecosystem for decomposition in conditions of the historically disturbed area of the Krušné hory Mts.
Keywords: aboveground biomass, European larch, Larix decidua Mill., Krušné hory Mts., substitute stands, thinning
Journal: Journal of Forest Science
Pages: 8-15
Volume: 57
Issue: 1
Year: 2011
DOI: 10.17221/24/2010-JFS
File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/24/2010-JFS.html
File-Format: text/html
X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201101-0002.txt
Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:57:y:2011:i:1:id:24-2010-JFS

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: J. Souček
Author-Workplace-Name: Opočno Research Station, Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Opočno, Czech Republic
Author-Name: O. Špulák
Author-Workplace-Name: Opočno Research Station, Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Opočno, Czech Republic
Title: Cluster reforestation near the timber line
Abstract: Plantation of spruce in clusters (small collectives with 20-30 individuals with dense spacing) was realized on a small clear-cut and under the forest stand near the timber line in the Krkonoše Mts. in 1993. Gaps among the collectives were planted with dwarf pine and rowan. The height of trees aged 16 years occurring in centres of the small collectives is greater than trees growing on their edges. Lower height growth of underplantings is affected more by the stand shelter than by the position of individuals within collectives. Health status of plantations is comparable on both plots. Tree samples (spruce, dwarf pine) from the underplanting had lower weight and different biomass distribution than samples from clear-cut, samples with different positions in the collectives on clear-cut also differed. Original stand succeeded in keeping its favourable health condition in spite of the occurrence of individually dying trees.
Keywords: dwarf pine, height growth, Krkonoše Mts., reforestation, spruce, timber line, underplanting
Journal: Journal of Forest Science
Pages: 16-23
Volume: 57
Issue: 1
Year: 2011
DOI: 10.17221/114/2009-JFS
File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/114/2009-JFS.html
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:57:y:2011:i:1:id:114-2009-JFS

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: E. Kula
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
Author-Name: R. Kajfosz
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
Author-Name: J. Polívka
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
Title: Cambioxylophagous fauna developing on logging residues of blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelmann)
Abstract: Cutting down 20- to 30-years-old trees of blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.) (October, May) and cross-cutting them to sections of different volume (0.5-75 dm3) under conditions of half-shade × open area resulted in a potential food offer for cambiophages. Ips amitinus (Eichh.) and Pityogenes chalcographus (L.) reached the higher frequency of occurrence on sections placed in the open area than in half-shade and on stems felled in the autumn season than in the spring season. Dryocoetes autographus (Ratz.) was markedly profiled on sections in half-shade with the gradual desiccation of phloem. P. chalcographus preferring open areas occurred on branches being accompanied by Cryphalus abietis (Ratz.), which attacked branches located in half-shade. On stems of sections from both autumn and spring felling, one generation of I. amitinus developed, however, on autumn sections, the 2nd generation developed unsuccessfully on the original nutritive material. P. chalcographus completed the development of one generation on stems and branches from autumn felling. On the spring material, the invasion was delayed and a part of wintering larvae did not complete their development. Logging residues of P. pungens were available for the development of I. amitinus and P. chalcographus during one growing season only.
Keywords: cambiophages, Cryphalus abietis, Ips amitinus, Krušné hory Mts., Picea pungens, Pityogenes chalcographus
Journal: Journal of Forest Science
Pages: 24-33
Volume: 57
Issue: 1
Year: 2011
DOI: 10.17221/3/2010-JFS
File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/3/2010-JFS.html
File-Format: text/html
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Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:57:y:2011:i:1:id:3-2010-JFS

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: J. Kováč
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest and Mobile Technology, Faculty of Environmental and Production Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
Author-Name: J. Krilek
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest and Mobile Technology, Faculty of Environmental and Production Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
Author-Name: M. Mikleš
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest and Mobile Technology, Faculty of Environmental and Production Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
Title: Energy consumption of chipper coupled to a universal wheel skidder in the process of chipping wood
Abstract: The chipper for chips is an energy consuming machine. Many factors influence the result of chipping which influence the whole process. The paper deals with the process of wood chipping by a chipper in order to determine its energy consumption. The main purpose was the determination of input power and comparison of revolution frequency on the outlet shaft of a skidder regarding the dimension of the torque depending on variable parameters which characterize the process of wood chipping during the measurement and the analysis of energy consumption of a chipping machine was carried out.
Keywords: chip, chipper, chipping, energy consumption, power of cutting
Journal: Journal of Forest Science
Pages: 34-40
Volume: 57
Issue: 1
Year: 2011
DOI: 10.17221/27/2010-JFS
File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/27/2010-JFS.html
File-Format: text/html
X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201101-0005.txt
Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:57:y:2011:i:1:id:27-2010-JFS