Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Benetka Author-Workplace-Name: Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Průhonice, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Černý Author-Workplace-Name: Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Průhonice, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Pilařová Author-Workplace-Name: Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Průhonice, Czech Republic Author-Name: K. Kozlíková Author-Workplace-Name: Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Průhonice, Czech Republic Title: Effect of Melampsora larici-populina on growthand biomass yield of eight clones of Populus nigra Abstract: This study evaluates the effect of the identified pathogenic races E1, E2 and E3 of the leaf rust Melampsora larici-populina on some growth traits and biomass yield in the species Populus nigra. A field trial was conducted with 8 clones of P. nigra using fungicide-sprayed and unsprayed treatments in 3 replications of 4 plants. In the course of three years the occurrence of the rust was evaluated on a six-point scale. The plant height and stem diameter were measured during the trial. In the last year the plants were harvested and the dry weight was determined. In the untreated plants a significant negative correlation was found between the intensity of rust occurrence and the values of stem diameter and dry matter yield (P < 0.05). A decline in dry matter yield caused by the rust was low (below 9%) or zero in a half of the clones while it ranged between 19% and 28% in the other half of clones. In some clones the yield decline was relatively low although the expression of rust symptoms was rather high which could be attributed to a tolerance to the given pathogen. Keywords: biomass yield, Melampsora larici-populina Kleb., poplar, resistance Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 41-49 Volume: 57 Issue: 2 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/51/2010-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/51/2010-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201102-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:57:y:2011:i:2:id:51-2010-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Suchomel Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Urban Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Small mammals of a forest reserve and adjacent stands of the Kelečská pahorkatina Upland (Czech Republic) and their effect on forest dynamics Abstract: The community of small terrestrial mammals (STM) was studied on seven experimental plots characterizing forest stands in various stages of succession development and with different level of management from plantings through production/commercial stands to a forest reserve. Increased attention was paid to dominant species and their effects on the dynamics of the forest reserve. In total, eight species of STM were detected with the highest dominance and abundance of Apodemus flavicollis and Myodes glareolus. The total relative abundance of STM was significantly highest in plantings (P < 0.05). A. flavicollis was significantly most abundant in production beech stands (P < 0.05), differences in the abundance among the other STM species being insignificant. The highest diversity was also determined in plantings (P < 0.05) as typical ecotone sites. Different natural conditions of open and high forest sites were also reflected in different weight of specimens of dominant species of STM from these biotopes. In A. flavicollis, the difference was highly significant (P < 0.01) and in M. glareolus significant (P < 0.05). Both species significantly affected the forest reserve dynamics through the consumption of forest seeds, particularly of beechnuts (100% consumption of the 2007 crop). However, according to the proportion of natural regeneration from previous years, the reserve proved resistance to the impact of rodents caused by the consumption of seeds in a long-term horizon. Keywords: Apodemus flavicollis, forest natural regeneration, Myodes glareolus, nature reserve, small terrestrial mammals, tree seed crop Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 50-58 Volume: 57 Issue: 2 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/2/2010-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2/2010-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201102-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:57:y:2011:i:2:id:2-2010-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Z. Vala Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Ernst Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Red deer density in the air-polluted area of forest ecosystems in the Krušné hory Mts. - Klášterec nad Ohří Forest District Abstract: The density of red deer in the area of forest ecosystems disturbed by air pollution in the Krušné hory Mts. - Klášterec nad Ohří Forest District was determined in two model hunting districts Jelení hora and Černý potok. To determine the density of red deer two methods were used, namely the clearance plot method and a method without the clearance of transects - faecal standing crop. Based on the repeated counting of faecal pellet groups on 16 marked plots (No. 1 to 16) in the research area, mean values of the estimate of the red deer population density were determined in the Jelení hora hunting district in 2007 and 2008 using the FSC method, viz 24 ± 23 individuals.km-2 (95% CI) and the CPM method, viz 105 ± 88 individuals.km-2 (95% CI) and in the Černý potok hunting district using the FSC method, viz 8 ± 5 individuals.km-2 (95% CI) or 77 ± 50 individuals.km-2 (95% CI) by the CPM method. No statistically significant differences were found out between the density of game and particular groups of similar biotopes. Keywords: deer count, pellet group, red deer Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 59-63 Volume: 57 Issue: 2 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/57/2010-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/57/2010-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201102-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:57:y:2011:i:2:id:57-2010-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S.M. Hosseini Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, Tehran, Iran, Author-Name: B. Majnounian Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Author-Name: A. Skoupý Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest and Forest Products Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Evaluation of squared timber and log products in the Hyrcanian Forests of Iran Abstract: The forests located in the northern areas of Iran are known as Hyrcanian Forests and are distributed across three provinces, namely Gilan, Maznadarn and Golestan. These provinces are situated in the north of Iran near the Caspian Sea. Timber products in the said forests during the last two decades were markedly different so that the total timber harvested in the first decade was 1.6 million m3 on average, however, in the second decade it nearly amounted to 1 million m3. Two major timber products of Iran are studied and compared in this research, namely logs and squared timber. Squared timber products averaged 10.7% during the first decade, but they fell to 7.3% over the second decade. Apropos of log products, they reached 20.9% and 29.2% over the first and the second decade, respectively. Analyses of the data indicate the following converse linear equation between squared timber products and log products during the 20 years of study: Y =-0.359X + 18.065 (Y = log products, X = squared timber, R2 = 0.768).Accordingly, any increase in log products at a time caused the squared timber products to decrease at the same time. Keywords: Hyrcanian Forests, logs, mechanized harvesting system, squared timber Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 64-69 Volume: 57 Issue: 2 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/90/2009-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/90/2009-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201102-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:57:y:2011:i:2:id:90-2009-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Konoshima Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Japan Author-Name: R. Marušák Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Yoshimoto Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mathematical Analysis and Statistical Inference, The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan Title: Spatially constrained harvest scheduling for strip allocation under Moore and Neumann neighbourhood adjacency Abstract: Adjacency constraints can be represented by Moore or Neumann neighbourhood adjacency, depending upon how candidate neighbours are assigned at corners adjacent to the target cell. Considering Moore and Neumann neighbourhood adjacency, we investigate the effect of strip cutting under a shelterwood management scheme with adjacency requirements among strips. We compare the effect of creating a strip window within a management unit with the same spatially constrained problem without a strip window. The management scheme comparison is considered as a spatially constrained harvest scheduling problem, which is solved with CPLEX software using an exact solution method. Our experimental analysis shows that the inclusion of additional spatial consideration by strip window creation in the management scheme results in a reduction of the total harvest volume by almost 13% under Moore neighbourhood adjacency, while it has a small effect under Neumann neighbourhood adjacency. Keywords: integer programming, Moore and Neumann neighbourhood adjacency, Shelterwood management strip cutting Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 70-77 Volume: 57 Issue: 2 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/47/2010-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/47/2010-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201102-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:57:y:2011:i:2:id:47-2010-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Inoue Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan Author-Name: K. Yamamoto Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Forest Environment and Resources, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan Author-Name: N. Mizoue Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Forest Planning, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan Title: Comparison of automatic and interactive thresholding of hemispherical photography Abstract: This study presents the effects of operator bias and variation in interactive thresholding on the estimation of light environment using hemispherical photography. Twenty-one hemispherical photographs taken beneath a wide range of canopy densities were visually converted to binary images twice by 21 operators, and then the gap fraction was computed from the images. The interactive threshold varied greatly among the different operators and within a single operator, which resulted in a considerable operator bias and variation in the gap fraction. This study also compared three widely used automatic thresholding algorithms, which were installed in freely available software LIA for Win32 for analyzing hemispherical photography, with interactive thresholding using the same photographs. The median of the interactive threshold by repetitive interactive thresholdings from 21 operators was assumed to be correct for the comparison. The results indicated that MINIMUM was considered to be a better algorithm than the other ones installed in LIA32 when the gap fraction was over 10%. However, VARIANCE seemed to be superior to MINIMUM under the low gap fraction and the cloudy sky condition with dark and white clouds. This implied that MINIMUM or VARIANCE should be used for analyzing hemispherical photographs with LIA32. In conclusion, we need to pay attention to the selection of the automatic thresholding algorithm and the sky condition when taking hemispherical photographs. Keywords: image analysis, LIA for Win32, light environment, operator bias, operator variation Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 78-87 Volume: 57 Issue: 2 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/68/2010-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/68/2010-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201102-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:57:y:2011:i:2:id:68-2010-JFS