Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Marková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Pokorný Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Plant Ecological Physiology, CzechGlobe - Centre for Global Change Impact Studies, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. V. Marek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Plant Ecological Physiology, CzechGlobe - Centre for Global Change Impact Studies, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Transformation of solar radiation in Norway spruce standsinto produced biomass - the effect of stand density Abstract: The present paper is focused on an assessment of the effects of stand density and leaf area development on radiation use efficiency in the mountain cultivated Norway spruce stand. The young even-aged (17-years-old in 1998) plantation of Norway spruce was divided into two experimental plots differing in their stand density in 1995. During the late spring of 2001 next cultivating high-type of thinning of 15% intensity in a reduction of stocking density was performed. The PAR regime of investigated stands was continually measured since 1992. Total aboveground biomass (TBa) and TBa increment (ΔTBa) were obtained on the basis of stand inventory. The dynamic of LAI development showed a tendency to be saturated, i.e. the LAI value close to 11 seems to be maximal for the local conditions of the investigated mountain cultivated Norway spruce stand in the Beskids Mts. Remarkable stimuli (up to 17%) of LAI formation were started in 2002, i.e. as an immediate response to realized thinning. Thus, the positive effect of thinning on LAI increase was confirmed. The data set of absorbed PAR and produced TBa in the period 1998-2003 was processed by the linear regression of Monteith's model, which provided the values of the coefficient of solar energy conversion efficiency into biomass formation (ε). The differences in ε values between the dense and sparse plot after realized thinning amounted to 18%. Keywords: biomass production, LAI, Norway spruce, PAR absorption, solar energy conversion Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 233-241 Volume: 57 Issue: 6 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/46/2010-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/46/2010-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201106-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:57:y:2011:i:6:id:46-2010-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Hlásny Author-Workplace-Name: National Forest Centre - Forest Research Institute Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Zajíčková Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Turčáni Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Holuša Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Sitková Author-Workplace-Name: National Forest Centre - Forest Research Institute Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia Title: Geographical variability of sprucebark beetle development under climate change in the Czech Republic Abstract: Climate change is expected to influence the distribution and population dynamics of many insect pests, with potential severe impacts on forests. Spruce bark beetle Ips typographus (L.) (Col.: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) is the most important forest insect pest in Europe whose development is strictly regulated by air temperature. Therefore, climate change is anticipated to induce changes in the pest's distribution and development. We used the PHENIPS model to evaluate climate change impacts on the distribution and voltinism of spruce bark beetle in the Czech Republic. Two future time periods - 2025-2050 (near future) and 2075-2100 (distant future) - are addressed. The period 1961-1990 is used as the reference. We found that while a two-generation regime dominated in the Czech Republic in the reference period, significant three-generation regime regions are projected to appear in the near future. In the distant future, the three-generation regime can be expected to occur over all existing coniferous stands in the Czech Republic. The analysis of altitudinal shift of n-generation regime regions indicates noticeable expansion of Ips typographus development to higher elevations, leading for example to disappearance of one-generation regime regions in the distant future. Uncertainties and limitations of the presented findings are discussed as well. Keywords: bark beetle altitudinal shift, climate change scenario, Ips typographus generations, temperature increase Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 242-249 Volume: 57 Issue: 6 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/104/2010-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/104/2010-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201106-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:57:y:2011:i:6:id:104-2010-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Švarc Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: E. Kula Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Earthworm (Lumbricidae) assemblages of forest ecosystems in the anthropogenically Abstract: Assemblages of earthworms were evaluated in spruce and beech stands in the Kienhaida Nature Reserve (Krušné hory Mts., Czech Republic) and its immediate surroundings, where site conditions were modified by the soil preparation for forest regeneration. The beech stands of the reserve showed low diversity but higher earthworm abundance than did the spruce stands, which in turn showed the lowest Lumbricidae abundance (18 individuals.m-2). The highest abundance of earthworms (124 individuals.m-2) was found in the soil of mounds created 30 years prior to sampling from the organic soil of the Ah horizon. The highest species diversity and low abundance were characteristic of areas between the mounds, the soil surface of which was greatly disturbed after removal of the Ah horizon to create those mounds. The degree to which the reforested clear-cuts created due to air pollution were overgrown with weeds contributed positively to the diversity and abundance of Lumbricidae. Keywords: forest ecosystems, Kienhaida Nature Reserve, Krušné hory Mts., Lumbricidae, reforestation procedures Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 250-258 Volume: 57 Issue: 6 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/16/2010-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/16/2010-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201106-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:57:y:2011:i:6:id:16-2010-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Šimerda Author-Workplace-Name: Kristina Colloredo-Mansfeld - Forest Administration, Opočno, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Souček Author-Workplace-Name: Research Station Opočno, Forest and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Title: Long-term silvicultural experiment with transformation of the mixed stand structure Abstract: The paper summarizes the main characteristics of a mixed stand during 80-year transformation to the mixed stand with permanent selective structure. The initial main stand was mostly composed of conifers with group arrangement, broadleaves as the reserved trees created the upper storey. Partial opening by thinnings prepared the stand for regeneration. Heavy thinning in 1959 (22% of the growing stock) opened the main stand and released the advance growth of broadleaves. Subsequent stand development was negatively affected by air pollution. Mainly fir and spruce responded to air pollution by deteriorated health condition and increment reduction. Beech and other broadleaves gradually increased their proportion in the stand (64% of the growing stock in 2008). Initial diameter distribution was sinistral, reserved trees affected the frequency of thick trees. Final diameter distribution resembled the model curve for selective forests, the number of thin trees was below the model curve for broadleaved forests with selective structure in these types of localities. Mean increments of individual species changed according to their stand position. Low fecundity of trees, weed infestation and game damage limited natural regeneration, artificial regeneration dominated for the whole time. The complicated structure corresponding to selective forest occurred rarely during the monitored period, the stand was differentiated mainly by spatial arrangement. Keywords: production, regeneration, species composition, stand transformation Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 259-265 Volume: 57 Issue: 6 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/2/2011-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/2/2011-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201106-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:57:y:2011:i:6:id:2-2011-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. Šišák Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Forest visitors' opinions on the importance of forest operations, forest functions and sourcesof their financing Abstract: The survey was conducted in three selected areas of the Czech Republic in 2008, with the results processed in 2009. Forests visitors received inquiry forms (face to face interviews, random sample). The total number of visitors on 8 survey days was 7,369. The total number of filled-in questionnaires in the three areas was 1,122. Tree planting and tree protection are considered as the most important forest operations, followed by road and stream bank maintenance. On the contrary, timber transport and harvesting are considered as the least important activities. The nature-protecting function is considered as the most important forest function, followed by soil-conservation, climatic, hydrological and health (recreational) functions. Timber production and non-timber production are the least important functions according to the respondents. 20% of respondents claimed that increased costs needed to improve non-market forest functions, used by the visitors, should be partially or fully financed from the timber sales revenues, while only 6.5% of respondents say the costs should be partially or fully financed from payments by the users of forest functions. Keywords: Czech Republic, forest functions, forest operations, importance, sources of finance Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 266-270 Volume: 57 Issue: 6 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/135/2010-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/135/2010-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201106-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:57:y:2011:i:6:id:135-2010-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Konoshima Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Japan Author-Name: R. Marušák Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Yoshimoto Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mathematical Analysis and Statistical Inference, The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan Title: Harvest scheduling with spatial aggregation for two and three strip cut system under shelterwood management Abstract: We propose a spatial aggregation method to solve an optimal harvest scheduling problem for strip shelterwood management. Strip shelterwood management involves either a two-cut system with a preparatory-removal cut cycle, or a three-cut system with a preparatory-establishment-removal cut cycle. In this study we consider these connected sequential cuts as one decision variable, then employ conventional adjacency constraints to seek the best combination of sequential cuts over space and time. Conventional adjacency constraints exclude any spatially-overlapped strips in the decision variables. Our results show the proposed approach can be used to analyze a strip shelterwood cutting system that requires "connectivity" of management units. Keywords: aggregation, connectivity, GIS, optimization model, spatial forest planning, wind-thrown risk Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 271-277 Volume: 57 Issue: 6 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/48/2010-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/48/2010-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201106-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:57:y:2011:i:6:id:48-2010-JFS