Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Kovalčík Author-Workplace-Name: National Forest Centre - Forest Research Institute Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia Title: Profitability and competitiveness of forestry in European countries Abstract: Competitiveness of the forest sector is a necessary prerequisite for the multiple benefits that sustainable forestry provides to society. There is no universal indicator of competitiveness. GDP of the forestry and contribution of forestry to the GDP could be suitable indicators for the forest sector. Competitiveness of forestry may be evaluated by gross and net value added and by the entrepreneurial income as well. The aim of this paper was to compare the competitiveness of forestry in selected European countries based on the results of Economic Accounts for Forestry. On the basis of provided analyses it can be stated: there are great differences in profitability and competitiveness among the particular countries and between the indicators per employee and hectare of forest as well. The state of economy as well as the region has a statistically significant influence on profitability. Keywords: competitiveness of forestry, contribution of forestry to GDP Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 369-376 Volume: 57 Issue: 9 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/138/2010-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/138/2010-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201109-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:57:y:2011:i:9:id:138-2010-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Bayramzadeh Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Sciences, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran Author-Name: P. Attarod Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Author-Name: M. T. Ahmadi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Author-Name: S. H. Rezaee Amruabadi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Soil Sciences, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran Author-Name: T. Kubo Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-Tokyo, Japan Title: Does the climate of the origin control anatomical characteristics of the vessel elements as well as different foliar traits in Fagus crenata? Abstract: The relationships between climatic factors and anatomical characteristics of the vessel elements as well as different foliar traits were investigated in Fagus crenata seedlings originating from different provenances. Fagus crenata samples were prepared from Chichibu Research Forest of Tokyo University. In the present study, vessel number per mm2, average vessel diameter, vessel area percentage, vessel element length, percentages of perforation plate types, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, leaf area, leaf thickness, leaf dry mass per unit leaf area, stomatal density and stomatal pore length were measured. Vessel number per mm2, vessel area percentage, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, leaf thickness and leaf dry mass per unit leaf area showed a significant negative correlation with yearly, winter, spring and autumn precipitation. The majority of the studied characteristics were not related to the mean annual and seasonal temperatures of the original provenances. The results suggest that anatomical characteristics of vessel elements and different foliar traits in Fagus crenata are mainly influenced by the precipitation of the origins. Keywords: climate, Fagus crenata, foliar traits, vessel elements Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 377-383 Volume: 57 Issue: 9 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/93/2010-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/93/2010-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201109-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:57:y:2011:i:9:id:93-2010-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Banach Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Tree Breeding, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland Author-Name: K. Lenowiecki Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Tree Breeding, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland Title: The occurrence of insect pests on pedunculate oak tested on the Chrostowa II experimental plot Abstract: The present paper is about the provenance and family diversity of insect occurrence on the offspring of 58 pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) trees representing 5 populations from the Polish range of species. Researches were conducted on the Chrostowa II test plot, located in the Brzesko Forest District (southern Poland). Differences in symptoms of trees inhabitation by Andricus kollari (Hartig, 1843) ♀♀, Andricus lignicolus (Hartig, 1840) ♀♀, Andricus foecundatrix (Hartig, 1840) ♀♀, Biorrhiza pallida (Olivier, 1791) ♀♂, Andricus inflator (Hartig, 1840) ♀♂, Andricus conglomeratus (Giraud, 1859) ♀♀, Andricus quercusradicis (Fabricius, 1798) ♀♀, and Lachnus roboris (Linnaeus, 1758) were evaluated. Approximately 45% of oaks grown at the test site were damaged. The majority of trees were inhabited by A. kollari (35.7%) while the lowest number of trees was inhabited by A. inflator, A. conglomeratus and A. quercusradicis (0.1%). Analysis of variance showed that certain species prefer the offspring of certain provenances. Also a high diversity among families within provenances was found. The effect of the family and provenance was statistically significant on oaks with galls caused by A. kollari, A. foecundatrix and B. pallida share. High heritability values were obtained for A. kollari on the population and family level (0.86 and 0.70 respectively) and for the rest of the species only on the provenance level. The presence of L. roboris was greatly influenced rather by environmental than genetic factors, also being characterized by low heritability values. Keywords: Quercus robur, insects, Carpathian natural-forest province, resistance, heritability, variability Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 384-393 Volume: 57 Issue: 9 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/90/2010-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/90/2010-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201109-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:57:y:2011:i:9:id:90-2010-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Liška Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest and Forest Products Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Klvač Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest and Forest Products Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: A. Skoupý Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest and Forest Products Technology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Evaluation of John Deere 1490D operation phase in typical conditions of the Czech Republic Abstract: The life cycle operation phase of John Deere 1490D energy wood harvester from the aspect of energy audit and environmentally negative influence caused by emissions were evaluated. Energy audit quantifies energy used in the form of fuels and oils as well as energy expended for manufacture, transport and distribution of these fuels and oils. Emissions produced by operation are determined according to the consumption of fuels and oils based on emission factors. We also made a comparison of the general calculation of costs based on data provided by the manufacturer with costs ascertained in real operating conditions. The costs are divided into purchase, operating and other costs. Total costs are subsequently converted into unit costs according to the assumed productivity of the machine, its estimated lifetime, and the mean real throughput of the machine. The machine throughput, and thus also its operating economics, is greatly dependent on the character of the processed material, its stem volume, moisture, way of dendromass preparation, and operator's skills. Energy use was calculated at 74.4 MJ.FU-1 (functional unit) related to fuel consumption and 13.4 MJ.FU-1 related to the consumption of oils. The total energy use of the life cycle operation phase of the slash bundler was determined as 87.8 MJ per each bundle produced. The real productivity of the machine in the given operating conditions was several times lower than the productivity indicated by the manufacturer. Keywords: productivity, costs, energy audit, emissions, slash bundle Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 394-400 Volume: 57 Issue: 9 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/21/2010-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/21/2010-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201109-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:57:y:2011:i:9:id:21-2010-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Korecký Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Dendrology and Forest Tree Breeding, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Vítámvás Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Dendrology and Forest Tree Breeding, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Somatic embryogenesis of the hybrid Abies cilicica × Abies cephalonica Abstract: The interspecific hybrid fir Abies cilicica × Abies cephalonica is based on native species Abies cephalonica (Loud.) and Abies cilicica (Ant. et Kotschy) Carr. Many variants of nutrient media have been tested. The medium BAP at a concentration of 1 mg.l-1, 1,000 mg.l-1 myo-inositol, 500 mg.l-1 glutamine, and 1,000 mg.l-1 casein was found to be the most suitable initiation medium for somatic embryogenesis of this hybrid. Embryogenic suspensor mass was produced from immature and mature primary explants. The initiation frequency of ESM was dependent on the composition of nutrient medium, plant growth regulators, and time of seeds collection. The ESM initiation from immature seeds was higher in comparison with mature zygotic embryos, but the results were not significantly different. As the most suitable maturation medium was evaluated the medium based on Murashige and Skoog medium which contained 10 mg.l-1 abscisic acid, 100 g.l-1 PEG and 40 g.l-1 maltose (MM 2 medium). Keywords: in vitro propagation, hybrid Abies cilicica × Abies cephalonica, embryogenic suspensor mass, ESM, initiation, proliferation Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 401-408 Volume: 57 Issue: 9 Year: 2011 DOI: 10.17221/54/2010-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/54/2010-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201109-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:57:y:2011:i:9:id:54-2010-JFS