Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Mühlenberg Author-Workplace-Name: Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany Author-Name: J. Appelfelder Author-Workplace-Name: Stiftung NaturSchutzFonds Brandenburg, Naturparkverwaltung Niederlausitzer Heidelandschaft, Bad Liebenwerda, Germany Author-Name: H. Hoffmann Author-Workplace-Name: German Technical Cooperation, Ulanbataar, Mongolia Author-Name: E. Ayush Author-Workplace-Name: Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany Author-Name: K.J. Wilson Author-Workplace-Name: Charleston, New Zealand Title: Structure of the montane taiga forests of West Khentii, Northern Mongolia Abstract: Studies were undertaken to investigate the composition, structure and diversity of four different types of North Mongolian montane forest near the southern border of the taiga. These forest types, classified as willow-poplar, larch-birch, spruce-fir and Siberian-pine forests, were found to be significantly different with respect to the elevational gradient. In the study area, two fire regimes could be distinguished at lower and drier elevations, frequent surface fires resulted in less diverse forests comprising coniferous species, which in their adult form were found to be fire-resistant, burn-colonizing and light-demanding deciduous tree species. In contrast, the forests colonizing the moist, higher elevations and shaded slopes had a higher diversity of tree species with greater basal area, higher proportion of deadwood, and more regenerating trees; here the coniferous shade trees experienced infrequent but destructive treetop fires. Overall, our results showed that the four forest types differed in composition according to the tree species, diameter and height classes. Keywords: montane taiga, elevation, deadwood, regeneration Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 45-56 Volume: 58 Issue: 2 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/97/2010-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/97/2010-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201202-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:58:y:2012:i:2:id:97-2010-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Šrámek Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Fadrhonsová Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Vortelová Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Author-Name: B. Lomský Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Title: Development of chemical soil properties in the western Ore Mts. (Czech Republic) 10 years after liming Abstract: The article focuses on changes in soil chemistry observed on plots limed in 2000 in the western Ore Mts.(Krušné hory) on the basis of chemical analyses done before liming and repeated in 2002, 2005 and 2010. In the deeper mineral soil (down to 30 cm), only the increase in pH and exchangeable magnesium was significant. The increase in exchangeable calcium in upper soil layers was significant in 2002 and 2005 only; ten years after liming the effect was negligible, although the number of Ca deficient samples was lower than in 2000. The exchangeable Mg content increased above the deficiency limit in all samples of upper soil, and an increase was also found in the deeper mineral soil. These changes were reflected in increasing base saturation and lower base cations/aluminium ratio in the organic and organomineral soil layer. Despite these positive shifts, calcium and magnesium deficiency and very low base saturation (< 10%) still prevail in the deeper mineral soil (2-30 cm) and are common even in the upper mineral soil. The increased total nitrogen level observed two and five years after liming indicated enhanced decomposition of the humus layer. On the other hand, N content in the upper organic (FH) horizon as well as in deeper mineral soil did not change significantly. Keywords: liming, magnesium deficiency, forest nutrition, soil development Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 57-66 Volume: 58 Issue: 2 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/72/2011-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/72/2011-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201202-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:58:y:2012:i:2:id:72-2011-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Štefančík Author-Workplace-Name: National Forest Centre - Forest Research Institute in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Title: Growth characteristics of oak (Quercus petraea [Mattusch.] Liebl.) stand under different thinning regimes Abstract: In the paper, selected quantitative characteristics of 57-year-old oak pole stage stand were analysed on plots with different thinning regimes at its establishment. Six thinning treatments were performed in an interval of 8, 14 and/or 5 years. We applied the method of target (crop) trees on three partial plots and method of promising trees on one plot with different intensity of releasing the trees of selective quality (promising and target trees). The results of both methods were compared with the control (untreated plots). Preliminary outcomes suggested that from the quantitative aspects the best results were obtained on plots where target trees were released by removing one and/or two trees at the stand age of 19 years. These results confirmed the well-known fact that the tending of young oak stands should be realized by thinnings of intermediate intensity. Keywords: oak, Quercus petraea (Mattusch.) Liebl., thinning, promising trees, target trees Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 67-78 Volume: 58 Issue: 2 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/79/2011-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/79/2011-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201202-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:58:y:2012:i:2:id:79-2011-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Mousavi Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran Author-Name: M. Nikooy Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Somea Sara, Iran Author-Name: A. E. Nezhad Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Somea Sara, Iran Author-Name: M. Ershadfar Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Somea Sara, Iran Title: Evaluation of full tree skidding by HSM-904 skidder in patch cutting of aspen plantation in Northern Iran Abstract: This paper presents research results of the performance of HSM-904 grapple skidder using a full tree harvesting method in a non-native aspen Populus deltoides plantation in even terrain conditions in Shafaroud, Northern Iran. Patch cutting as a silvicultural method was used in the plantation (2,000 ha). To evaluate the newly introduced machine to a ground skidding system in the aspen plantation and the possibility to increase the production rate, an empirical time study was conducted. The elements of the skidding work phase were identified and 58 cycles were recorded for the study. The models for effective time consumption, total productivity and work phase models are calculated. The average load per cycle was 2.2 m3, the average one-way skidding distance was 253 m. The average travel speed of unloaded skidder was 5.53 km.h-1 and the average speed of loaded skidder was lower than the speed of the unloaded one by 2.94 km.h-1. The average output in the study was 7.1 m3 per effective hour and the unit cost was 13.9 USD.m-3. Keywords: time consumption, HSM-904 skidder, skidding, cost Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 79-87 Volume: 58 Issue: 2 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/78/2011-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/78/2011-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201202-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:58:y:2012:i:2:id:78-2011-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Drápelová Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Organic and inorganic nitrogen in precipitation and in forest throughfall at Bílý Kříž site (Beskydy Mts., Czech Republic) Abstract: Organic nitrogen is an important but yet not very well explored component of nitrogen deposition. In this study concentrations and fluxes of organic and inorganic nitrogen in bulk precipitation in an open field (BOF) and in throughfall (THR) were evaluated at the Bílý Kříž experimental site (Moravian-Silesian Beskydy Mts., Czech Republic, 908 m a.s.l.) with a young Norway spruce stand. The results of a two-year study (2008 and 2009) were compared with the results obtained during the same time period on forest plots included in ICP Forests Programme in the Czech Republic. Total nitrogen deposition in BOF at the Bílý Kříž site amounted to about 918 mg.m-2.a-1, the contribution of organic nitrogen was about 8%. Total nitrogen flux with THR at Bílý Kříž was about 1,305 mg.m-2.a-1 during the studied years and organic N accounted for 12% of this amount. The ranges of the two-year average values found for total nitrogen flux on ICP Forests plots throughout the Czech Republic were as follows: 759-1,857 mg N.m-2.a-1 with 7-38% contribution of organic N in BOF and 928-3,816 mg N.m-2.a-1 with 7-20% contribution of organic N in THR. The share of organic nitrogen in THR nitrogen fluxes at Bílý Kříž proved clear seasonality with maxima in July. A highly significant correlation between N-NH4+ and N-NO3- concentrations in BOF suggested the common anthropogenic source of these substances at the Bílý Kříž site. No significant correlation was found either between organic N and N-NH4+ or between organic N and N-NO3- concentrations in BOF. Cumulative deposition charts showed different behaviour of particular nitrogen deposition components while passing through the canopy. Keywords: nitrogen deposition, throughfall, dissolved organic n Křížitrogen, DON, inorganic nitrogen, Bílý, Moravian-Silesian Beskydy Mts Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 88-100 Volume: 58 Issue: 2 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/38/2011-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/38/2011-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201202-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:58:y:2012:i:2:id:38-2011-JFS