Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Kovalčík Author-Workplace-Name: National Forest Centre - Forest Research Institute in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Author-Name: Z. Sarvašová Author-Workplace-Name: National Forest Centre - Forest Research Institute in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Schwarz Author-Workplace-Name: National Forest Centre - Forest Research Institute in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Moravčík Author-Workplace-Name: National Forest Centre - Forest Research Institute in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Author-Name: M. Oravec Author-Workplace-Name: National Forest Centre - Forest Research Institute in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Author-Name: J. Lásková Author-Workplace-Name: National Forest Centre - Forest Research Institute in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Author-Name: J. Tutka Author-Workplace-Name: National Forest Centre - Forest Research Institute in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Title: Financial and socio-economic impacts of nature conservation on forestry in Slovakia Abstract: The article deals with financial and socio-economic impacts of nature conservation in forest and wood industries of Slovakia. The paper presents costs and losses of state budget, forest enterprises and wood-processing companies caused by restrictions related to Act No. 543/2002 on Nature and Landscape Protection. Total financial impacts were calculated at 26.98 mil. EUR and total socio-economic impacts based on revenues of the wood-processing industry at 167.81 mil. EUR, which means a loss of 2,268 jobs. These financial and socio-economic impacts were partially compensated, the sum of compensations reached 2.79 mil. EUR. Keywords: nature conservation, financial and socio-economic impacts, NATURA 2000 Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 425-435 Volume: 58 Issue: 10 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/14/2012-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/14/2012-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201210-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:58:y:2012:i:10:id:14-2012-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Kozak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: G. Mikusiński Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ecology, Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Riddarhyttan, Sweden Author-Workplace-Name: School for Forest Engineers, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skinnskatteberg, Sweden Author-Name: A. Stępień Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: H. Kozak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland Author-Name: R. Frąk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland Title: Modelling forest dynamics in a nature reserve: a case study from south-central Sweden Abstract: This paper presents a modelling study on the forest dynamics in Helgedomen Nature Reserve (HNR) in Sweden. The main components of the forest transitions that occurred between 1930 and 2010 were described. The gradual conversion of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) dominated stands into stands with a high proportion of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) was observed. Next, the capabilities of the modelling system (FORKOME) in predicting the future development of forests in the reserve were tested. The model was validated by simulating forest development from 1930 to 2010, and then it was applied to project the future development of forests in the reserve. Scenarios generated in the forecasting component of the model were (1) no intervention, (2) removal of spruce, and (3) prescribed burning. The FORKOME model was able to predict possible alterations of species composition, stem volume, total biomass in the next 100 years under these three scenarios. We argue that in the absence of natural fires, the active management of small reserves is required in order to maintain the major natural values. Prescribed burning is more effective than spruce removal for maintaining the pine-dominated character of the stands and to sustain the conservation value of the reserve. Keywords: pine, spruce, computer simulation, ecological model Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 436-445 Volume: 58 Issue: 10 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/28/2012-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/28/2012-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201210-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:58:y:2012:i:10:id:28-2012-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Lotfalian Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran Author-Name: N. Riahifar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran Author-Name: A. Fallah Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran Author-Name: S. M. Hodjati Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran Title: Effects of roads on understory plant communities in a broadleaved forest in Hyrcanian zone Abstract: This study was conducted to assess the effect of forest road as a corridor on local biodiversity. For this purpose, 10 segments in a 10 year-old road were selected in Neka-Zalemrood forest in Hyrcanian zone. At each of the segments, we established two 100-m transects perpendicular to the road centre line, within which we sampled three macroplots of an area 400 m2. In each macroplot, nine quadrant microplots 2 × 2 m in size were set up for regenerated tree species and herbaceous plant survey. Chemical and physical parameters of soil were measured in laboratory. Results indicated that thirty-six herbaceous species and 13 regenerated tree species were recorded within the area of 100 m from the road verge. At the different distances from the road verge and both down and up-slope, the ground cover of Carex sylvatica and Rubus caesius L. as well as regeneration density of Carpinus betulus L. were higher compared to other species. Menhenick, Margalef, Shannon and Simpson indices were higher at the distance of 0-20 m than at the distances of 40-60 m and 80-100 m. Camargo and Smith-Wilson indices decreased when increasing distance to the road. These results are expected to provide critical information for decision makers and land managers for managing plant species and maintaining the integrity of biological communities. Keywords: road effect, regenerated tree species, herbaceous species, soil parameters, Hyrcanian forest Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 446-455 Volume: 58 Issue: 10 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/29/2012-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/29/2012-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201210-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:58:y:2012:i:10:id:29-2012-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Štefančík Author-Workplace-Name: National Forest Centre - Forest Research Institute in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Development of spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) target (crop) trees in pole-stage stand with different initial spacing and tending regime Abstract: This paper presents findings of a twenty-year investigation of silviculture-production in a 40-year-old afforested spruce pole-stage stand located in a mountain region. The stand was established by four different spacing models: (i) 1.5 × 1.0 m, (ii) 2.5 × 1.0 m, (iii) 2.5 × 1.5 m, and (iv) 2.5 × 2.5 m. Three alternatives were studied for each of these spacing models. These were: (i) geometrical (line) thinning, (ii) selective thinning and (iii) no tending. During the period of our research the above-mentioned stand was affected twice by a snow-break disaster. Promising and target trees in the stand were marked and selected at the beginning of the study. The development of the above-mentioned categories of trees was analysed in relation to the initial spacing of the stand, as well as to the method of tending. Based on the 20-year research period, we conclude that the most favourable results were obtained on plots that were established at a wider initial spacing and managed by selective thinning as opposed to the denser ones tended by geometrical thinning or without any tending. Keywords: Norway spruce, target trees, promising trees, different spacing, different tending Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 456-464 Volume: 58 Issue: 10 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/38/2012-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/38/2012-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201210-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:58:y:2012:i:10:id:38-2012-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Varnagiryté-Kabašinskiené Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Forestry, Lithuanian Research Centre of Agriculture and Forestry, Aleksandras Stulginskis University Title: Toward the rational use of forest biomass: Lithuanian case study Abstract: This paper contains the information about some principles of sustainable forestry which are still relevant in the world. In 2002, Lithuania started research on the nutrient balance in forest ecosystems when the forest fuel is harvested. The consequences of the intensive forest fuel harvesting on the forest ecosystem were analysed. At the same time, the experiment on the compensatory wood ash fertilizing was established in Lithuania. After the initial calculations, having the experimental data, the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Lithuania has initiated the preparation of the Recommendations for compensating wood ash fertilization in the forests. This review briefly systematizes and analyses the main results of the related research and some ideas for the future studies are also presented. Keywords: forest fuel harvesting, nutrients, wood ash, fertilization, environmental restrictions Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 465-471 Volume: 58 Issue: 10 Year: 2012 DOI: 10.17221/10/2012-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/10/2012-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201210-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:58:y:2012:i:10:id:10-2012-JFS