Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Kula Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Protection and Game Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Jankovská Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Protection and Game Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Forest fires and their causes in the Czech Republic (1992-2004) Abstract: Forest fires under conditions of the Czech Republic are evaluated from the aspect of their frequency of occurrence in 1992-2004 at a level of particular years, seasons, days and daytime, and causes of their origin. They are confronted with a situation in the CR in 1974-1983. Effects of climatic conditions are a limiting factor not only for the frequency of their origin but also for the size of the burnt area. Spring (April) and summer (August) culminations were balanced. The burnt area of the best part of forest fires (88.9%) was < 1 ha. The increased frequency of forest fires was noted in afternoon hours and during weekends. Areas threatened by fires are characterized by the increased visit number. In the spectrum of causes, a dominant position is taken up by fire raising, smoking and management in the forest. Railway operation and lightning represent minority causes of the origin of forest fires. In the course of the year, the structure of forest fire origin changes depending on activities in the forest and visit number. Keywords: fire risk, preventive measures, occurrence, burnt area, season, frequency Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 41-53 Volume: 59 Issue: 2 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/36/2012-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/36/2012-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201302-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:59:y:2013:i:2:id:36-2012-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Kardoš Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Management and Geodesy, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Title: Methods of digital photogrammetry in forest management in Slovakia Abstract: The practical aspect of utilization of digital photogrammetry methods and their products in Slovak forestry is presented. We deal with the comparison of various data obtained by digital cameras, their accuracy, utilization and effectiveness for mapping. Based on presented results we summarize the main conclusions in the field of forest mapping. We also deal with the process of pan-sharpening for the preparation of image data for the interpretation and classification of forestry features. Also, the statistical characteristics of two photogrammetric projects with different geometric resolution photos (Ultracam D digital camera with ground sample distance of 10 cm and UltracamX digital camera with ground sample distance of 20 cm) from the same experimental area of the University Forest Enterprise Zvolen are described with the aim of finding an appropriate solution suitable for forest mapping. In both cases, the horizontal accuracy of the photogrammetric projects is presented. Finally, the process of true orthophoto generation and its utilization in forestry is the focus. Both experiments in this paper presented results which fulfil the accuracy standards defined by the state cadastre within the mapping of large scale maps. All projects, apart from the project of direct georeferencing, fulfilled the third accuracy class of mapping, so they can be used within cadastral mapping, land consolidations and, of course, within forested land mapping. Still, all the projects meet the accuracy requirements within the forest mapping standard, where the forestry features and forest spatial distribution units are mapped. Keywords: pan-sharpening, aerial photos, aero-triangulation, true orthophoto, forest mapping Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 54-63 Volume: 59 Issue: 2 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/35/2012-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/35/2012-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201302-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:59:y:2013:i:2:id:35-2012-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Kobliha Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Dendrology and Forest Tree Breeding, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech republic Author-Name: J. Stejskal Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Dendrology and Forest Tree Breeding, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech republic Author-Name: P. Škorpík Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Dendrology and Forest Tree Breeding, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech republic Author-Name: J. Frampton Author-Workplace-Name: Christmas Tree Genetics Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA Title: Recent results of Czech-American fir hybridization research Abstract: Fraser fir (Abies fraseri) Christmas tree plantations in North Carolina are infested by root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi. This disease kills almost 100% of Fraser fir material and leaves the soil permanently infested. Control crossings of Mediterranean fir hybrids Abies cilicica × Abies cephalonica with Abies fraseri were performed to ensure possibly resistant hybrid material of desired Christmas tree parameters. Pollen of various clones of A. fraseri was shipped to the Czech Republic by NCSU. Control pollinations were performed in April/May 2010 and 2011 in our hybridization seed orchards. Female strobili were isolated in the period of their highest receptibility. Cones were collected during September. Cones were dried and completely disintegrated. Basic parameters of cones and seeds were assessed for each seed lot. Seed samples of the individual seed lots were X-rayed for assessment of the final share of full seeds. In 2010, the most successful combination CZ2 × NC81 brought 7% of viable seeds. In 2011 the most successful combination was CZ2 × NC26 with 18% of viable seeds. Keywords: Abies, hybrids, Christmas tree production, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Abies fraseri Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 64-71 Volume: 59 Issue: 2 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/55/2012-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/55/2012-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201302-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:59:y:2013:i:2:id:55-2012-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Drápelová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Evaluation of deposition fluxes in two mountain Norway spruce stands with different densities using the extended Canopy Budget Model Abstract: The field study in a mountain forest at Bílý Kříž provides a comparison of element fluxes for two adjacent forest spruce stands of the same age (29 years in 2005) but with different stem densities. During five years (2001-2005), bulk and throughfall precipitation was sampled and analysed. Total deposition, dry deposition and canopy exchange fluxes were evaluated on the basis of the Canopy Budget Model. Highly significant differences in base cations, dissolved organic carbon, SO42-, F-, and Cl- throughfall concentrations were found between the sparser and denser spruce stands. Throughfall, dry deposition and canopy exchange fluxes were also influenced by stand density. Annual throughfall fluxes of inorganic nitrogen were within 11.9-17.8 kg N.ha-1.yr-1 on the sparser plot and within 15.4-20.6 kg N.ha-1.yr-1 on the denser plot; annual throughfall fluxes of sulphur were within 15.3-20.3 kg S.ha-1.yr-1 on the sparser plot and within 20.7-27.7 kg S.ha-1.yr-1on the denser plot. The critical load for nitrogen (11.2 kg N.ha-1.yr-1) was exceeded on both plots in all evaluated years 2002-2005. Total annual inorganic nitrogen deposition was higher by up to 37.5% (in 2002) on the denser plot than on the sparser one. Keywords: atmospheric deposition, thinning, throughfall, dry deposition, precipitation chemistry, total deposition Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 72-86 Volume: 59 Issue: 2 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/39/2012-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/39/2012-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201302-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:59:y:2013:i:2:id:39-2012-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Nasiri Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran Title: GIS modelling for locating the risk zone of soil erosion in a deciduous forest Abstract: The maps of altitude, geology, vegetation cover and land use were prepared and classified as the main criteria to locate soil and water conservation programs. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to determine the relative priorities of these criteria by pairwise comparison. All the thematic maps were then integrated using the overlay process in Geographical Information System (GIS) and the final map of soil erosion risk was produced. Results indicated that vegetation cover was given the highest weight (0.494). The geology was assigned the second highest weight (0.313), as the main cause of initiation of the erosion of erodible lands. Land-use change has a local influence on soil erosion, so it was assigned the third weight (0.151). Altitude is a low-impact variable for predicting the water and soil conservation areas. Keywords: forest soil, water, conservation programs, AHP, GIS Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 87-91 Volume: 59 Issue: 2 Year: 2013 DOI: 10.17221/71/2012-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/71/2012-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201302-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:59:y:2013:i:2:id:71-2012-JFS