Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Ruba Author-Workplace-Name: Forest Faculty, Latvia University of Agriculture, Latvia Author-Name: O. Miezite Author-Workplace-Name: Forest Faculty, Latvia University of Agriculture, Latvia Author-Name: S. Luguza Author-Workplace-Name: Forest Faculty, Latvia University of Agriculture, Latvia Title: Impact of risk factor management on the sanitary condition of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) pure stands in Latvia Abstract: In management of young forest stands, it is often the case in forestry that several risk factors, biotic, abiotic and anthropogenic ones, have to be dealt with. An anthropogenic factor is of great importance in management of forests, because humans, using ecosystems for their needs, still have to maintain the spatial structure of the forest and prevent the worsening of the health state. Covering all territory of Latvia, empirical material was gathered in 25 pure stands. To find out how neighbouring stands impact the young forest stands of spruce, the location in forest array was detected. In identifying the risk factors, attention should be paid to the shape of compartment and its location in forest array. A correlation between the occurrence and intensity of damage caused by cloven-hoofed game is relevant rfact = 0.988 > rcrit = 0.088 with 95% probability. Also the occurrence and intensity of Lophophacidium hyperboreum Lagerb., and damage by Heterobasidion spp. are relevant rfact = 0.991 > rcrit = 0.062 and rfact = 0.981 > rcrit = 0.088 with of 95% probability. Keywords: compartment location, compartment shape, forestry risk factors Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 181-189 Volume: 60 Issue: 5 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/4/2014-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/4/2014-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201405-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:60:y:2014:i:5:id:4-2014-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Martiník Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Dobrovolný Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Author-Name: V. Hurt Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Title: Comparison of different forest regeneration methods after windthrow Abstract: The prosperity of various forest regeneration methods was evaluated on the prepared windthrow area established in 2010 in a previously allochthonous coniferous stand growing in mid-elevations of the Czech Republic. The forest regeneration variants were as follows: (1) "planting" of target species (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) and Fagus sylvatica (L.), (2) "seeding" of pioneer (non target) species (Betula pendula Roth) and (3) spontaneous "succession". Two years after windthrow the "planting" was evaluated in accordance with the Czech forestry law as regeneration method with sufficient attributes, density (6,000-9,000 indd.ha-1) and regular spatial distribution of target tree species. The "seeding" and "succession" variants showed a insufficient attributes of target tree species - total density ca 3,000 indd.ha-1 (being ca 1,000 indd.ha-1 higher than 20 cm) and irregular distribution across the plot. The non-target species birch on the "seeding" variant showed a high density of plants (131,000 indd.ha-1) being eight times higher than the succession variant. The cost of the regeneration treatment was different between the variants - planting: 5,000-6,000 EUR.ha-1, 1,300 EUR.ha-1, succession: 1,000 EUR.ha-1. Comparing to "planting" the higher diversity of tree species and higher density of non-target species (20,000-134,000 EUR.ha-1) in the "seeding" and "succession" variants promise success for the future, however the real potential of regeneration methods that were used will be clear after long-term observations. Keywords: target tree species, pioneer tree species, planting, seeding, succession Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 190-197 Volume: 60 Issue: 5 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/66/2013-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/66/2013-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201405-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:60:y:2014:i:5:id:66-2013-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Ali Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observations and Research Station, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P. R. China Author-Name: W.J. Ma Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observations and Research Station, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P. R. China Author-Name: X.D. Yang Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observations and Research Station, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P. R. China Author-Name: B.W. Sun Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observations and Research Station, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P. R. China Author-Name: Q.R. Shi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observations and Research Station, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P. R. China Author-Name: M.S. Xu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China Author-Workplace-Name: Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observations and Research Station, Ningbo, Zhejiang, P. R. China Title: Biomass and carbon stocks in Schima superba dominated subtropical forests of eastern China Abstract: Quantitative relationships between stand indices and carbon dioxide (CO2) stocking are missing in the evergreen broadleaved forests (EBLFs) in eastern China and this hinders to estimate carbon (C) budget in the subtropical region. We determined the vegetation-soil C pool and CO2 stocking using stand indices [diameter at breast height (DBH), total height (H) and wood density] in Schima superba dominated EBLFs in the Tiantong National Forest Park in eastern China. Vegetation biomass was determined by a non-destructive method using the tree volume and wood density approach while soil C concentration was determined using the oil bath-K2CrO7 titration method. Finally, multiple regression and one-way ANOVA with LSD test were used for data analysis. Results showed that total C stocks in the vegetation and the 0-20 cm surface soil were 90.53 t.ha-1 and 116.24 t.ha-1, respectively. The study revealed that the total amount of CO2 stocks in the studied forest is 331.87 t.ha-1. One-way ANOVA with LSD test showed that CO2 stocks varied significantly (P < 0.05) between the tree growth stages. There was a significant variation in CO2 stocking capacity within sapling and pole growth stages but no significant variation within standard stage. The stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that DBH, BA and H were related to the C stocking while wood density had no significant effect. The significant amount of C stocking in EBLFs in the Tiantong National Forest Park of eastern China showed the potential and significant C stocks by trees. As the C pool structure changes due to a change in the forest type and location, therefore this study is important to estimate C stocks and predict CO2 stocks from stand indices in EBLFs which serve as a scientific basis for sustainable forestry operations, rational utilization of forest resources and global warming reduction in EBLFs in subtropical regions of China. Keywords: carbon stocks, evergreen broadleaved forest, forest inventory-based approaches, tree growth, wood density Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 198-207 Volume: 60 Issue: 5 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/21/2014-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/21/2014-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201405-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:60:y:2014:i:5:id:21-2014-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Nasiri Author-Workplace-Name: Alborz Road Development and Construction Corporation, Civil Engineers office, Savadkooh, Iran Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mazandaran, Iran Author-Name: M.R. Pourmajidian Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mazandaran, Iran Title: Effects of vegetation type and horizontal curve radius on the rate of tree pruning to provide line of sight on main access roads Abstract: The present investigation was carried out to assess the influence of vegetation type and horizontal curve radius on the rate of tree pruning to provide the line of sight on horizontal curves in Caspian forests of Iran. For this purpose, the DBH (diameter at breast height) of trees around the curves which must be pruned was measured. Also, the horizontal curves radius was divided into 4 classes and for each class 10 horizontal curves (for each species) were selected and the species which required pruning were measured. The rate of radial pruning was determined to provide a minimum stopping sight distance by means of laser rangefinder along the line of sight. We found an inverse relationship between DBH and the rate of pruning. To provide sight vision, the radial pruning rate decreased regularly with the increasing radius of horizontal curves for coniferous species, while it increased irregularly for broadleaves. There was a significant difference in pruning between different radii of horizontal curves (P < 0.05). According to results, pruning should be done for mixed hardwood trees with widespread crowns and no sharp horizontal curves should be designed at the top or bottom of hills. Keywords: tree pruning, vegetation type, sight line, horizontal curve, vegetation control Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 208-211 Volume: 60 Issue: 5 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/19/2014-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/19/2014-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201405-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:60:y:2014:i:5:id:19-2014-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Stejskalová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Kupka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: O. Nováková Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic Title: Influence of sycamore seed stratification length on their germination capacity Abstract: Sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) seeds are frequently used in forest nurseries and therefore the knowledge of their proper treatment is desirable. Seed stratification recommended by the Czech standard is two months but there are not many studies which review the appropriate length in Central European conditions. The paper evaluates the influence of seed stratification length on their germination capacity. The seed samples were treated in different ways to evaluate their reaction to these different handling conditions. The data proved a significant increase of germination after 42 days of stratification. The data also suggests that the better stratification medium is a substrate than wet filter paper. Keywords: sycamore, seed handling, stratification, germination, vitality Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 212-217 Volume: 60 Issue: 5 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/23/2014-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/23/2014-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201405-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:60:y:2014:i:5:id:23-2014-JFS