Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Zahradníková Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Attempt to define morphological parameters enabling sex determination of Ips typographus (Linaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) using PCA and CLU Abstract: There are only two known methods for determining the sex of Ips typographus (L.) - dissection that can­not be used with live beetles and by distinguishing between the density of the hairs on the head, a less reliable method that requires experienced personnel. As a result, we have sought to find a more reliable method of sex determination for I. typographus which can be used with live specimens but is still reliable and easy to conduct. The aim of the article is to explore the inner structure in data from measurements of morphological parameters of spruce bark beetles and to find correlations which could be used for sex determination. The number of beetles in our sample was 110, all from the first trapping of one pheromone trap. The statistical methods of principal components analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CLU) were used to support any correlation between the sex parameter and other morphological parameters (weight, elytra length, elytra width, pronotum length, pronotum width). As no correlation was found in the case of sex, we can claim that it is not possible to determine sex according to the examined morphological parameters. However, we have found an interesting inner structure in the data and it was confirmed that even weight is slightly correlated with other morphological parameters. Keywords: spruce bark beetle, principal components analysis, cluster analysis Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 401-405 Volume: 60 Issue: 10 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/29/2014-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/29/2014-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201410-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:60:y:2014:i:10:id:29-2014-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. Štefančík Author-Workplace-Name: National Forest Centre - Forest Research Institute in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Bošeľa Author-Workplace-Name: National Forest Centre - Forest Research Institute in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: An influence of different thinning methods on qualitative wood production of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) on two eutrophic sites in the Western Carpathians Abstract: The issues related to appropriate management methods of beech stands have been considered as a crucial topic from the past up to now. Although the positive effect of tending on wood quality in beech stands is a generally known fact, the results from long-term experiments are very scarce. We investigated the qualitative production of beech forests, treated by different thinning methods during a long-term period of 53 years. For this purpose two long-term (lasting 53 years with a measurement interval of 5 years) series of research plots were used. On each plot three different thinning methods were applied: i) heavy thinning from below (C-grade according to the German forestry research institutes in 1902), ii) free crown thinning (original thinning method developed in Slovak Republic), and iii) control plot (without treatments). As much as 6,316 trees at the beginning of research and 864 trees at the last measurement were assessed and measured. Chi-squared test was used to quantify the effect of different thinning methods on qualitative wood production. The results showed the highest proportion of target trees, as well as the best average quality of the stem and crown on plots where the free crown thinning was applied followed by the plots with heavy thinning from below and control ones. We found that the proportion (expressed out of the total growing stock of crop trees) of veneers was the highest on plots managed by the free crown thinning (30 and 36%) and the lowest on control (unthinned) plots (10 and 19%). It is concluded that no significant differences between the two studied sites were found, which demonstrates a similar effect of the investigated thinning methods at different places across the region of Slovak Republic, but with similar site conditions. On the other hand, the most appropriate and hence successful thinning method was proved to be the free crown thinning, which is also recommended for management of beech forests from the aspect of silvicultural wood quality. Keywords: European beech, tending, qualitative production, crop trees Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 406-416 Volume: 60 Issue: 10 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/35/2014-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/35/2014-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201410-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:60:y:2014:i:10:id:35-2014-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Červenka Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Bače Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Svoboda Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Stand-replacing disturbance does not directly alter the succession of Norway spruce regeneration on dead wood Abstract: Density of regeneration in European subalpine Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests is typically low with regeneration primarily located on dead or decaying wood. The post-disturbance development of this regeneration is crucial for natural forest succession. The aim was to identify the influence of disturbance on regeneration on decaying logs immediately after a severe disturbance event. Study plots were established in two subalpine spruce forests: the first, an undisturbed site located in the Hrubý Jeseník Mts. and the second site in the Šumava Mts. that has experienced recent severe disturbance. Regeneration density increased between 2008 and 2011 by 7% (0.29 individuals per square meter of log) at the undisturbed site and by 33% (3.24 individuals per square meter of log) at the disturbed site. The increased regeneration density observed at the disturbed site was mostly associated with the smallest saplings. The highest increase in regeneration density was observed on logs with the largest diameters. Three years after severe disturbance caused 100% mortality of the parent stand in the Bohemian Forest, no significant effect was recorded on the growth rate and survival of established spruce saplings on dead wood. Keywords: decaying logs, natural regeneration, Piceaabies Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 417-424 Volume: 60 Issue: 10 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/43/2014-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/43/2014-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201410-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:60:y:2014:i:10:id:43-2014-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Abdi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Author-Name: F. Azhdari Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Author-Name: A. Abdulkhani Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Author-Name: H. Soofi Mariv Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Title: Tensile strength and cellulose content of Persian ironwood (Parrotia persica) roots as bioengineering material Abstract: Unstable slopes create numerous problems for forest management and may destroy the road network and disturb access to forest. Soil bioengineering is a solution that can prevent these problems and reinforce the hillslope. Persian ironwood is considered as a good protective species for hillslope stability in Iran with an extensive lack of information about biotechnical properties. In this research the root strength of this species and also the relation between root diameter and cellulose content were investigated. The results showed that the mean tensile force and tensile strength were 99.70 ± 2.01 N and 173.23 ± 4.94 MPa, respectively, for the root diameter range between 0.22 and 3.78 mm. The results of ANOVA showed that the power models between root diameter and tensile force and tensile strength were statistically significant and the results of t-test showed that coefficients and constants of the models are also significant. The values of the parameters of the power law (α and β) obtained for Persian ironwood do not fall in the range that has already been suggested for hardwood roots, which may be due to a narrow diameter range. The mean cellulose content was 56.87 ± 5.79% and the relationship between root diameter and cellulose content was not statistically significant. The data presented in this study expand the knowledge of biotechnical properties of Persian ironwood and support the idea that there is still an extensive lack of information about plant roots as a bioengineering material. Keywords: biotechnical Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 425-430 Volume: 60 Issue: 10 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/44/2014-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/44/2014-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201410-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:60:y:2014:i:10:id:44-2014-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Tavankar Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Khalkhal Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khalkhal, Iran Author-Name: R. Picchio Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agriculture, Forests, Nature and Energy, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy Author-Name: A. Lo Monaco Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Agriculture, Forests, Nature and Energy, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy Author-Name: A.E. Bonyad Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Soumesara, Iran Title: Forest management and snag characteristics in Northern Iran lowland forests Abstract: Some snag characteristics were studied in three different Hyrcanian lowland forests. The highest snag density (38.4 stem.ha-1) was found in fully protected forests, and it was significantly higher than in selectively logged (23.7 stem.ha-1) and open access forests (8.8 stem.ha-1). The snag volume, diameter and height were also significantly higher in the fully protected forests. The number of snag species was recorded in fully protected (9), selectively logged (5) and open access forests (4). The snags were more evenly distributed among diameter, height and decay classes in the fully protected forest. The larger diameter snags (> 90 cm) and snags higher than 15 m in height were not found in the open access forest. The snags of decay class 5 had a density of 6.8 stem.ha-1 in the fully protected forest, while they had a low density (1.5 stem.ha-1) in the selectively logged forest and they were not found in the open access forest. Target values of snags for managed lowland forests in Iran were defined in relation to management influences. Keywords: biodiversity, broadleaved forests, Caspian forests, dead wood, Hyrcanian forest Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 431-441 Volume: 60 Issue: 10 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/77/2014-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/77/2014-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201410-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:60:y:2014:i:10:id:77-2014-JFS