Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Babaei Sustani Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Tarbiat Modares University, Nour, Mazandaran, Iran Author-Name: S.G. Jalali Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Tarbiat Modares University, Nour, Mazandaran, Iran Author-Name: H. Sohrabi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Tarbiat Modares University, Nour, Mazandaran, Iran Author-Name: A. Shirvani Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Tehran University, Karaj, Iran Title: Biomass allocation of chestnut oak (Quercus castaneifolia C.A. Mey) seedlings: effects of provenance and light gradient Abstract: Patterns of biomass allocation were determined for seedlings of five provenances of Quercus castaneifolia from west to east of the Hyrcanian forest along a rainfall gradient. Experimental design was executed under controlled conditions at seven different light levels (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 100% full light). We quantified the biomass allocation patterns to leaves, stems and roots. For all provenances total mass increased with irradiance at low light levels, reaching an optimum at an intermediate level but decreasing at a high irradiance level. As results show, in drier provenances and at high light levels, the seedlings invest more biomass into root mass to facilitate water uptake and to alter their leaf size to prevent overheating. In contrast, at wetter provenances and low light levels, towards increased light interception, more biomass is allocated proportionally to leaves and the stems but, accordingly, less to roots. The leaf to root ratio (L/R) was negatively correlated with light, with high correlation at wetter provenances compared to drier ones. In contrast, the relationship between the root to shoot (R/Sh) ratio and light was positively correlated with light, but it was weak at drier provenances and became gradually stronger at wetter ones. Such relationships indicated that chestnut oak seedling growth strategies are different along a rainfall gradient to irradiance levels. Despite similar growth conditions in the greenhouse, different growth strategies may be the result of genetic adaptation to the ecological conditions, especially when precipitation regimes prevail in the native habitat. Keywords: leaf to root ratio, Hyrcanian forest, adaptation, environmental factor Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 443-450 Volume: 60 Issue: 11 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/1/2014-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/1/2014-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201411-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:60:y:2014:i:11:id:1-2014-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Lieskovsky Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovak Republic Author-Name: J. Dvořák Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: P. Natov Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Chojnacki Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Koszalin University of Technology, Koszalin, Poland Author-Name: K. Rokosz Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Koszalin University of Technology, Koszalin, Poland Title: Analysis of woodchip heating capacity calculated according to technical standards and measurements of calorific value Abstract: Woodchip sampling may be done according to two methodologies, based on the volume or calorific value of the fuel. The paper compares heating values obtained through relative humidity measurements according to Slovak technical standards and through determination of calorific value according to the ISO 1928:2003 Standard. The aim is to compare values obtained by both methods from a selection set and to determine possible reasons in case various values are obtained. Based on the results obtained it may be confirmed that differences between the heating value calculated according to the ISO 1928:2003 Standard and according to the STN 48 0057 (2004) and STN 48 0058 (2004) Standards are statistically significant. The average difference in heating value is 0.629 MJ.kg-1. Keywords: wood chips, heat capacity, caloric value, relative moisture Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 451-455 Volume: 60 Issue: 11 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/70/2014-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/70/2014-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201411-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:60:y:2014:i:11:id:70-2014-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Zahradník Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Author-Name: M. Zahradníková Author-Workplace-Name: Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Jíloviště-Strnady, Czech Republic Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forest Protection and Entomology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Evaluation of the efficacy duration of different types of pheromone dispensers to lure Ips typographus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) Abstract: We presentthe results oftesting10pheromonedispensersused to lure the sprucebark beetle-Ipstypographus(Linnaeus, 1758). A comparisonwas made between boththeir efficacyand also the decrease intheir efficacyafterapplication. DispensersPheagrITand ITEcolureTubusare effectivethroughout the wholeflightactivity ofI. typographus; the efficacy of ITPheagrExtra was partly similar. The others areeffectivefor a declaredperiod ofefficacy, with the exception ofdispenserPheropraxA, which initiallyhad a very good level of catches, butsoonsubsided, and the efficacydid not reach eitherthetimeorthe efficacy ofallthe declaredshelf-life. Overall,themost effective dispenser was ITEcolureMegaand dispensers ITEcolureTubusandFeSexTypo showed a similar efficacy. Completelyunsuitablefor the trapping of I. typographuswere found to be combineddispensersPCHITEtokapandPCITEcolure. Keywords: forest protection, spruce bark beetle, efficacy, trapping Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 456-463 Volume: 60 Issue: 11 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/15/2014-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/15/2014-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201411-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:60:y:2014:i:11:id:15-2014-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Kuželka Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: R. Marušák Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Title: Use of nonparametric regression methods for developing a local stem form model Abstract: A local mean stem curve of spruce was represented using regression splines. Abilities of smoothing spline and P-spline to model the mean stem curve were evaluated using data of 85 carefully measured stems of Norway spruce. For both techniques the optimal amount of smoothing was investigated in dependence on the number of training stems using a cross-validation method. Representatives of main groups of parametric models - single models, segmented models and models with variable coefficient - were compared with spline models using five statistic criteria. Both regression splines performed comparably or better as all representatives of parametric models independently of the numbers of stems used as training data. Keywords: Norway spruce, spline, stem curve, taper Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 464-471 Volume: 60 Issue: 11 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/56/2014-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/56/2014-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201411-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:60:y:2014:i:11:id:56-2014-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Paletto Author-Workplace-Name: Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura - Forest Monitoring and Planning Research Unit (CRA-MPF), Villazzano, Trento, Italy Author-Name: G. Giacovelli Author-Workplace-Name: Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura - Forest Monitoring and Planning Research Unit (CRA-MPF), Villazzano, Trento, Italy Author-Name: G. Grilli Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy Author-Name: J. Balest Author-Workplace-Name: Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura - Forest Monitoring and Planning Research Unit (CRA-MPF), Villazzano, Trento, Italy Author-Name: I. De Meo Author-Workplace-Name: Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura - Agrobiology and Pedology Research Centre (CRA-ABP), Florence, Italy Title: Stakeholders' preferences and the assessment of forest ecosystem services: a comparative analysis in Italy Abstract: Values are qualities and beliefs orientating human actions and they change according to socio-economic variables such as gender, culture, education and income. Incorporating stakeholders' values and attitudes in the forest planning is essential for reducing conflicts among forest users and ensuring successful formulation and implementation of the plans. The paper focuses on the analysis of stakeholders' attitudes and preferences to the forest ecosystem services considering three types of attitudes: biocentric attitudes, social-altruistic attitudes, and individual attitudes. The stakeholders' preferences were analysed in four case studies in Italy, characterized by different socio-economic structures and relationship between people and territory. Socio-economic attributes were tested as predictors of stakeholder preferences. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect opinions and preferences from altogether 327 stakeholders' involved in forest planning. Results show that different background and culture influence the priorities given to forest ecosystem services. The study suggests paying attention to the evaluation of stakeholders' preferences to forest ecosystem services when defining forest management guidelines, which could contribute to reduce the distance between communities and decision makers. Keywords: ecosystem values, environmental attitudes, decision making process Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 472-483 Volume: 60 Issue: 11 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/85/2014-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/85/2014-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201411-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:60:y:2014:i:11:id:85-2014-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A.J. Woods Title: Warmer and wetter might not be better Abstract: As the climate continues to change, gaps in our understanding of how the altered environment will affect forest hosts and their pathogens widen. In some areas pathogens thought to be present for centuries are changing their behaviour. Dothistroma needle blight caused by the fungus Dothistroma septosporum in northwest British Columbia (BC), Canada, is a good example. In this area both the pathogen and the host, lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia), are considered native species, but here Dothistroma has been responsible for killing mature host trees, which is unprecedented. A plausible link between warmer, wetter summers and directional climate change has been suggested as the primary driver. Those environmental conditions appear to be affecting the host/pathogen relationship for other diseases in the neighbouring central interior of BC including comandra blister rust (Cronartium comandrae). Disrupted host/pathogen relationships tend to favour the short-lived more adaptable pathogens rather than their long-lived hosts. These changes in forest health have not been well accounted for in fields of forest science that have been built on stability and predictability. Keywords: climate change, Cronartium comandrae, Dothistroma, host/pathogen instability Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 484-486 Volume: 60 Issue: 11 Year: 2014 DOI: 10.17221/18/2014-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/18/2014-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201411-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:60:y:2014:i:11:id:18-2014-JFS