Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Bulušek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: Z. Vacek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: S. Vacek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: J. Král Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: L. Bílek Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Author-Name: I. Králíček Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic Title: Spatial pattern of relict beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests in the Sudetes of the Czech Republic and Poland Abstract: Horizontal structure of forest stands largely affects the competitive relationships between tree individuals and plays a significant role in the stand dynamics. The present study describes horizontal structure on nine permanent research plots (0.24-0.25 ha) in the regeneration and tree layer of autochthonous European beech (Fagus sylvatica Linnaeus) stands in the wide altitudinal gradient in protected areas in the Czech Republic and Poland. The spatial structure was classified in productive herb-rich beech sites, through acidophilic beech sites, exposed sites, to beech fragments near the timberline. The spatial pattern of tree layer was regular in the lowest parts of the altitudinal gradient of beech, random in the middle parts and aggregated in the beech forests under the hilltop phenomenon and extreme edaphic site. Nevertheless, trees in lower tree layers showed a tendency to the aggregated pattern, similarly like the strong aggregation of natural regeneration. In most cases, the parent stand had a significant negative effect on natural regeneration at a smaller distance (to 0.8-4.2 m). The spatial pattern of dead wood was mostly random. Because of the great plasticity of beech crowns, crown centroids were more regularly distributed than tree stems. The average displacement of crown centroids from the stem base was 1.5 m with the prevailing direction of 52.7% down the slope. Projected canopy cover was on average 10.7% higher compared to the canopy simulated by circular crowns. Keywords: European beech, horizontal structure, protected areas, natural forest, crown plasticity Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 293-305 Volume: 62 Issue: 7 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/22/2016-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/22/2016-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201607-0001.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:62:y:2016:i:7:id:22-2016-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Babaei Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Nour, Iran Author-Name: S.G. Jalali Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Nour, Iran Author-Name: H. Sohrabi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Nour, Iran Author-Name: A. Shirvany Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Title: Effects of different irradiance levels on peroxidase activities in Quercus castaneifolia C.A. Mey. seedlings from different provenances Abstract: To understand the function of peroxidase (POD) in relation to a light gradient, changes in POD activity were studied in five different provenances of chestnut oak seedlings. An experiment was conducted in controlled conditions and six different irradiances (10, 20, 30, 50, 60, and 70% of full light) were considered. According to the results, POD activity was strongly related to irradiance and showed a decreasing response to light, with the largest changes at low light (10 to 30%) and a levelling-off at high light (50-70%). Five provenances were also significantly distinguished at 10-30% of full light. The gel analysis showed that there were several different bands between irradiances from 10 to 70% regardless of provenances. One isoenzyme with the highest electrophoretic mobility was significantly increased in response to reduced light and slightly decreased at high irradiance. Other isoenzymes were significantly increased at high irradiance, suggesting that these isoenzymes are most likely involved in response to light stress and leaf adaptation to high irradiance. Keywords: Hyrcanian vegetation zone, abiotic stress, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 306-313 Volume: 62 Issue: 7 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/118/2015-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/118/2015-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201607-0002.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:62:y:2016:i:7:id:118-2015-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Oldertrøen Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand Author-Name: A. H-Kittikun Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand Author-Name: S. Phongpaichit Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Microbiology and Natural Products Research Center of Excellence, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand Author-Name: S. Riyajan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand Author-Name: R. Teanpaisal Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Stomatology and Common Oral Diseases and Epidemiology Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, HatYai, Thailand Title: Treatment of rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg. with maleic anhydride to prevent moulds Abstract: The rubberwood samples were treated with 0.5-10% maleic anhydride (MA) solutions. The treatment of wood with 2.5% MA was adequate to prevent the growth of moulds on wood for 1 year at least. The viable count of Aspergillus niger van Tieghem PSU1 on MA treated wood indicated that fungal spores were not killed. The maleic anhydride treated wood slices had no antifungal activity. The concentration of MA released from treated wood in the leachate was 0.02 mg.m-3. Agar well diffusion showed that the leachate from MA treated wood had no antifungal activity. However, after leaching MA treated wood still had a high resistance to mould growth. The moisture contents of MA treated and untreated wood samples were not significantly different. The MA treated wood showed almost a smooth surface while the untreated wood showed a rough surface. The cytotoxicity test showed that the leachates of both MA treated and untreated wood samples had a similar effect. So the treatment of rubberwood with MA is a safe method to prevent mould growth. Keywords: wood modification, mold prevention, leaching, wood moisture content Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 314-321 Volume: 62 Issue: 7 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/109/2015-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/109/2015-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201607-0003.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:62:y:2016:i:7:id:109-2015-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Lazreg Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Research on Biological Systems and Geomatics, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Natural Science and Life, University of Mascara, Mascara, Algeria Author-Name: L. Belabid Author-Workplace-Name: Laboratory of Research on Biological Systems and Geomatics, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Natural Science and Life, University of Mascara, Mascara, Algeria Author-Name: J. Sánchez Author-Workplace-Name: Botany Unit, Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almería, Almería, Spain Author-Workplace-Name: Andalusian Centre for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change, University of Almería, Almería, Spain Author-Name: E. Gallego Author-Workplace-Name: Botany Unit, Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almería, Almería, Spain Author-Workplace-Name: Andalusian Centre for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change, University of Almería, Almería, Spain Title: Root rot and damping-off of Aleppo pine seedlings caused by Pythium spp. in Algerian forest nurseries Abstract: Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Miller) is a common forest tree in the Mediterranean Region. Production of Aleppo pine seedlings is hindered by damping off and root rot diseases in cooler conditions of north-western Algeria, which significantly reduces the seedling emergence. This work was carried out to evaluate the pathogenicity of different Pythium Pringsheim species on Aleppo pine seedlings. Seventeen isolates of Pythium spp. were isolated from diseased seedlings, identified to the species level based on DNA sequence from the internal transcribed spacer region and their identity was confirmed on morphological basis. The obtained isolates were pathologically characterized in Petri dish and pot assays. Germination was significantly inhibited by the different Pythium spp. isolates. The highest inhibition was observed with Pythium ultimum Trow in Petri dish and pot assays. The reduction in root growth differed significantly between different isolates. The maximum reduction in root growth (92.2%) was observed for P. ultimum in Petri dish assay. The various isolates of Pythium showed a significant influence on root length, shoot length and vigour index. The maximum disease incidence (89.7%) was caused by P. ultimum. Our results indicated that Pythium spp. is commonly found on diseased seedlings, in most containers and bare-root nurseries. Keywords: pathogenicity, oomycetes, Pinus halepensis, Pythium ultimum, Pythium heterothallicum, seedling emergence Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 322-328 Volume: 62 Issue: 7 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/66/2014-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/66/2014-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201607-0004.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:62:y:2016:i:7:id:66-2014-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. Lovinska Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Parks and Gardens, Faculty of Agronomy, Dnipropetrovsk State Agrarian and Economic University, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine Author-Name: S. Sytnyk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Parks and Gardens, Faculty of Agronomy, Dnipropetrovsk State Agrarian and Economic University, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine Title: The structure of Scots pine and Black locust forests in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine Abstract: The article describes the distribution of areas of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris Linnaeus) and Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia Linnaeus) stands within the Northern Steppe of Ukraine based on forest biometry data. The total area of Scots pine stands is 21,472.9 ha, of Black locust it is 17,683.7 ha, which corresponds to 24.6 and 26.9% of the total forest-covered area. Scots pine is partly naturally, partly artificially regenerated. Black locust stands are man-made forests only. Both species form mainly pure stands within the study area. Mean age of Scots pine is around 60 years with a mean wood stock of 292 m3.hа-1. The dominant Black locust stands are overmature ones with a mean age of 43 years and a mean stock of 149 m3.hа-1. Generally, for both species, an increase in mean wood stock was observed, reaching its maximum at 71 to 75 (Scots pine) and 81-85 (Black locust) years of age. It has been demonstrated that the largest area of Black locust stands is represented by relatively rich soil conditions (54.3%), whereas in Scots pine stands there are relatively poor soils (56.5%). Keywords: forest fund, wood stock, indexes of forest biometrics, forest-forming species, age structure, functional categories of forest Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 329-336 Volume: 62 Issue: 7 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/120/2015-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/120/2015-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201607-0005.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:62:y:2016:i:7:id:120-2015-JFS Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Peyrov Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Author-Name: A. Najafi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Author-Name: A.R. Nourodini Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Title: Predicting the earthwork width and determining the annual growth loss due to forest road construction using artificial neural network and ArcGIS Abstract: The area of forest destruction as well as the annual growth loss due to road construction before constructing a road was predicted. To do this, road cross sections of 88 points along the 10 km proposed road were predicted using Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network with two input parameters of hillside slope and rock share within MATLAB software. Then according to the predicted width, the area of road earthwork as well as the area of roadside with a 10 m width was calculated in ArcGIS software. Finally, by overlaying the inventory network layer on the road map and by knowing the annual growth (m3) for each plot the growth loss of the area of road earthwork was calculated and one-third of the annual growth increment was considered to calculate the growth loss of the roadside. According to the results, for the construction of a 10 km long road in the region, 12.98 ha of forest area is destructed due to road construction, of which 5.36 ha is destructed resulting from earthwork operations and 7.61 ha occurs in the roadside and its growth is influenced by road construction. With the construction of the road, in total, 32.606 m3 of growth will be lost annually, of which 22.221 m3 is due to road earthwork that is completely removed from the forest annual growth cycle and 10.384 m3 of the growth loss belongs to the roadside which is decreased resulting from road construction. Keywords: area of road earthwork, hillside slope, roadside, rock share Journal: Journal of Forest Science Pages: 337-344 Volume: 62 Issue: 7 Year: 2016 DOI: 10.17221/110/2015-JFS File-URL: http://jfs.agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/110/2015-JFS.html File-Format: text/html X-File-Ref: http://agriculturejournals.cz/RePEc/caa/references/jfs-201607-0006.txt Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:62:y:2016:i:7:id:110-2015-JFS